Open Source vs. Standard Software –
Impacts on Library Infrastructures
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias L. Hemmje
Faculty for Mathematics and Computer Science,
Chair for Multimedia and Internet Applications,
University of Hagen and
Scientific and Technical Advisor of InConTec GmbH
Prague, 10th of May 2010
About the Speaker
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias L. Hemmje
University of Hagen
Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science
Chair for Multimedia and Internet Applications
http://www.lgmmia.fernuni-hagen.de
• 18 years of experience in IT R&D on national and
international level, >100 Publications
• Senior Expert Consultant for BMBF, EC, and R&D spin-offs
• 15 years at Fraunhofer IPSI, Darmstadt
• Former University Professorships at
Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and University of Duisburg
• Areas of Expertise:
HCI, Information Systems, Digital Libraries,
Multimedia Archives, Long Term Archival, and Digital Preservation
Outline
 Open Source vs. Standard Software -
What is the difference?
 Introduction to Open Source
Free and Open Source Initiatives
 Open Source History and Exmples

 Potential Benefits, Disadvantages, & Riscs
 Make or Buy? Selection & Success Criteria
 An exemplar approach in the Library Domain
 Concluding Remarks
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Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Open Source vs. Standard Software What is the difference?
 Standard Software is
sold and supported commercially
 However, Open Source Software can be
sold and/or supported commercially, too.
 Perhaps, the term Proprietary Software
is more correct
4
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Definitions of
Open Source Software (I)
 Open source is an approach to the design,
development, and distribution of software,
offering practical accessibility to a
software's source code.
5
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Definitions of
Open Source Software (II)
 Some consider Open Source as one of
various possible design approaches,
while others consider it a critical
strategic element
of their operations.
[1]
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source
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Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
What is the difference? (I)
 Usually the question of Open Source vs.
Standard Software is framed as
 Linux vs. Microsoft
 Innovation vs. Security
 etc.
7
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
What is the difference? (II)
 However, this is just a simplification from
a Marketing Point of view, because …
8
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Free & Open Source Initiatives …
 … have been there for ages and
 … have produced various licensing schemes
 … are responsible for some of the most
radical ICT innovations
that man kind has seen
so far!
9
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Free & Open Source Initiatives …
 Public domain
 Shareware, freeware
 Copyrighted but free to use
 GNU Public License (GPL)
 Creative Commons, Open Source
 Other licensing: BSD, Q License, etc.
10
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Open Source History (I)
 Very similar to open standards, researchers
with access to the Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) used
a process called Request for Comments
to develop telecommunication network
protocols.
11
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Open Source History (II)
 Characterized by contemporary open
source work, this 1960s' collaborative
process led to the birth of the Internet
in 1969.
[1]
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source
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Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Open Source History (III)
 There are earlier instances of open source
and free software such as IBM's source
releases of its operating systems and other
programs in the 1950s, 60s, and the SHARE
user group that was formed to facilitate the
exchange of software.
[2][3]
[2] Fisher, Franklin M.; James W. McKie, Richard B. Mancke (1983). IBM and the U.S. Data Processing Industry: An Economic History.
Praeger. ISBN 0-03-063059-2. pages 172-179 IBM unbundled (began charging for) software June 23, 1969
[3] Dave Pitts' IBM 7090 support – An example of distrbuted source: Page contains a link to IBM 7090/94 IBSYS source, including COBOL
and FORTRAN compilers.
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Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Open Source History (IV)
 Before the term Open Source became
widely adopted, developers and producers
used a variety of phrases to describe the
concept.
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Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Open Source History (V)
 The term Open Source gained popularity
with the rise of the Internet, which
provided access to diverse
production models,
communication paths,
and, last but not least
interactive communities.
[1]
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source
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Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Open Source History (VI)
 The decision by some people in the free
software movement to use the label “open
source” came out of a strategy session
held at Palo Alto, California, in reaction to
Netscape's January 1998 announcement of
a source code release for Navigator.
[4]
[4] a b Tiemann, Michael (September 19, 2006). "History of the OSI". Open Source Initiative. http://www.opensource.org/history.
Retrieved on August 23, 2008.
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Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Open Source History (VII)
 They used the opportunity before the
release of Navigator's source code to free
themselves of the ideological and
confrontational connotations of the term
free software. Netscape licensed and
released its code as open source under the
Netscape Public License and subsequently
under the Mozilla Public License.
[5]
[5] Muffatto, Moreno (2006). Open Source: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Imperial College Press. ISBN 1860946658.
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Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Open Source History (VIII)
18
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Examples in both Categories
OpenSource
Proprietory
Operating Systems
 Linux
Operating Systems
 MS Windows, XP, Vista ; SUN Solaris
Word Processing and Office Applications
 openOffice
Word Processing and Office Applications
 MS Office, Adobe Framemaker
Software Development
 Eclipse
 JDK
Software Development
 .net
 MS Visual Studio
Multimedia Content Creation
 Gimp
Multimedia Content Creation
 Adobe Photoshop
Web Page Design
 Typo 3
Web Page Design
 MS Frontpage
 Adobe Flash, Dreamweaver
19
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Potential Benefits of
Standard Software
 Potential Benefits of deploying to standard
software in an application solution:
 Understand and comply with the business &
technological models of commercial software
engineering in a professional environment
 Support of standard software / solutions,
including services
 Compliance with industrial standards
20
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Potential Benefits of
Open Source Software (I)
 Availability of source code
 Source code to understand and learn from
 Do not have to re-invent the wheel
 Free as in “freedom”
 And sometimes:
free as in “gratis”
21
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Potential Benefits of
Open Source Software (II)
 Does not depend on vendor
 Can choose additional support
 Can fix bugs and adapt to change in
requirements as well as technology
22
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Potential Disadvantages and
Riscs of Standard Software (I)
 Dependent upon a single vendor
 What if …
… the vendor disappears from the market?
… the vendor charges too much?
… bug fixing and enhancements not
sufficient?
etc.
 Monopoly?
23
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Potential Disadvantages and
Riscs of Standard Software (II)
 Too much Intellectual Property can be
bad for innovation …
24
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Potential Disadvantages
and Riscs of Open Source SW (I)
 If source code is not looked at,
there is no need to have Open Source SW
 There are also bad codes, unqualified
persons which use it, etc.
25
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Potential Disadvantages
and Riscs of Open Source SW (II)
 Software quality assurance process is
widely not transparent
 etc.
26
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Make or Buy? (I)
Overall Challenges in the Library Domain
Cost Pressure
New User Demands
1st Source SearchEngines (Google)
Outsourcing/
ASP
2 Clicks
Web 2.0
Fast Response
Productivity
independend
Colloborative
Cooperations
Consolidation
„Buy instead
of Make“
Competition
more e-only
Personalisation
Standardisation
Library
Dynamic Content
Central Catalogue
Virt. Catalogue
High Volume
Information
Streams
Open Systems
Federated
Search
Digitisation
Quality
Internet
27
Mobil
Open Source?
Ranking
Information
Sharing
Open Access
Integration
„Recommender“
eJournals
eBooks
eLearning
Single sign On
Comfortable
GUI
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Make or Buy? (II)
Decision Making Dimensions
 Cost
 Quality
 Time
 Ressource Availability
 Flexibility
 Service-Strategy
28
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Make or Buy? (III)
Generic Enterprize Experiences
 IT has become a Commodity and is therefore expected to
support almost any kind of Enterprize Application like a
Service-Center
 Significant Cost Pressure requires new positioning:


Which are Core Competences?
Which are Competences that can be supported economically?
 Investments „only“ in Core Competences
 Increasing Deployment of Standard Software
 Implementation of Sourcing-Strategies (ASP,
Outsourcing, Cooperations etc.)
29
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Make or Buy? (IV)
Open Source – an Alternative for Libraries?
Potential Advantages of
building on Open Source
Potential Disadvantages of
building Open Source




Software is „free of cost“
 Full Deployment Risk
 W.r.t. Completeness and Robustness of Functional
Sourcecode is freely available
Features
High Flexibility
 Development-Know How is bound to human
resoures
Own Requirements can be mapped
very detailled to Features
 Total Cost of Ownership
 Open Standards
 High Follow-up Cost for Maintenance of
Application Features and Interfaces
 Independency of Providers


Need for own Support Infrastructure
Höhere Schulungskosten
 No secured follow-up development
strategy
 Need for own Development Resources
and Strategy
 „Time to Market“ pressure
30
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Make or Buy? (V)
There is now Standard Answer ...
... but a set of questions to be systematically analysed and
answered as a decision support:
 Is IT application developement a Core Competence of the





31
Library?
Does the Library win a Strategic Advantage by means of
own IT Developements?
How big is the Functional Delta to features of Standard
Software?
Economic Analysis? Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)?
Time to Market – How long until Production?
How are the chances for follow-up funding of necessary
further Evolution of the Solution? Is there a Funding
Basis/Community?
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Make or Buy? (VI)
Economic Criteria and Planning of TCO
Deployment Costs
Production Costs
Strategic Aspects
Human Resource Costs
Human Resource Cost
Which are Core
Competences
Consultancy Costs
Maintenance/Support
What is the Future
Service-Offering?
Licensing Costs
Hardware Costs
Integration into a Solution
Architecture
Migration Costs
Training Cost
Openness/Standards
Training Costs
Update Cost
Stability/Security
Installation Costs
Further Development
Budgeting Focus
Start-up Overhead Costs
32
Usability
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Summary of
Selection and Success Criteria
Cost Categories
 Design Cost
 Specification Cost
 Implementation Cost
 Production Cost
 Maintenance/Service Cost
 Update/Migration Cost

∑Total Cost of
Flexibility Dimensions
 Expressiveness of the
Solution
 Granularity of
Adaptation to Initial
Requirements
 Managing Change
 Persistency of the
Solution
Ownership
33
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
An Exemplar Approach
in the Library Domain:
Feature&Demand Profiling
and Gap Analysis
of Search Platforms
used in Library Institutions
Application Context
SHAMAN Project Profile
•
Large-Scale
Integrated Project
•
48 months Duration
•
1.300 PM effort by a Team
of 60 R&D Specialists
•
18 Partners from 9
Countries
Welcome to the future. Welcome to SHAMAN.
www.shaman-ip.eu
Feature & Demand Profiling
Methodology applied in SHAMAN
Creation of a Multidimensional Decision Support Questionnaire
about Features, Demands and other Properties of the solution
2. Production of a Multidimensional Feature Profile Scoring and
Ranking Schema
3. Desk-based Research (R&D publications, white papers,
marketing material) revealed RTD Feature Space for Open
Source and Standard Software systems to be profiled
4. Pre-testing and Adjustment of the Profiling method
5. Interviews on-site or by phone, documentation and crosscheck
with interviewees
6. Calculation and Visualization of Profile Scoring and Ranking
1.
37
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Feature&Demand-Categories
used in the Profiling
Categories
Integration in ILS Systems
Format & Migration Support
Management & Administration Features for Existing
Standard Functions
Personalization Functions
Collaboration Support Features
Efficency of Search Functions
Quality and Efficency of Result Presentation
Openess and Customizing Support
Usability, User Support Functions and „Ease of Use“
Scoring of the Interviewees during the Survey
38
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Feature-Category Priorities
from Customers’ Point of View
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
39
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Excerpt of the
Feature-Profiling Questionnaire
F3.0 Browsing functions (simple and advanced search modus)
Which browsing function can be influenced by the user Yes
1
Can you browse in predefined lists, hosted by the Yes
system itself?
2
Can you browse in predefined lists or documents
hosted on o global base?
No
3
Can you sort these lists to your favor (alphabetic,
theme oriented, …)
No
4
In Browsing lists are there the most important
information resource prioritized on top of the lists
No
5
Is alphabetic browsing in different fields e.g.
Authors, Magazine title, …) possible
6
Can the theme oriented structure of lists easy get don’t know
adapted or changed?
7
Can you browse in newspapers to reach articles?
No
8
Can you brows in Magazines to reach articles?
No
9
Can you browse in Conferences to reach articles?
No
10 Can the user return each time to the search
mode?
40
No
facets
Yes
I would imagine that these are not functionalities of an
integrated search solution per se but more of the underlying
(remote) databases.
Yes
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Result Scoring used for Findings
Answer of interviewee
Points
Standard functionality delivered with the product
Functionality that can be reached with customization
Functionality that is provided by the core search engine
and requires configuration
Not covered by the system
3
1,5
2
Will be brought in the next upcoming release
Planned for future foreseeable release
Out of scope or other solution gets used
1
0,5
0
Partly delivered with the standard solution
1,5
Not part of the questionnaire
41
0
0
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
General
Demand-Category Ranking
Question ranking
Questioned function is essential
Scoring
Questioned function is important
1,5
Questioned function is “nice to have”
1
Questioned function is not important
0,5
Question does not influence the scoring of the
systems
42
2
0
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Requirements-based Demand
Ranking of Prospective Users
#
Requirement of interviewee
1
3
Yes, this is a “MUST HAVE” functionality
Yes, if no better solution available
2
4
Yes, this is expected
This is a not necessary function
6
7
Nice to have
Neutral
5, 8 Don’t Know / Need to investigate
9
On the wish list
0
43
Not part of the questionnaire
Points
3
1,5
2
0
1
0,5
0
1,5
0
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Calculation of Scoring Schema
 The calculation of the following spider diagrams has
been made by the use of the following formula:
Answer of the interviewee (points) * Importance of the
question (factor) = Volume of points
 The volume of points has been summarized in
Feature Categories
 The maximum possible feature set represents 100%
 The results are presented as percentage of the
maximum possible feature sets in each category
44
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Feature Profiling Results of
reviewed Search Platforms
Primo
V3.0 1
Commercial
Integration ILS systems
100%
90%
Usability ease of use
80%
70%
Primo
V2.0 1
Commercial
Format & Migration
support
Open Source 1
VUfind
Open Source 2
OCLC
Touchpoint
Open Source 3
Encore
60%
50%
40%
30%
Openess and custom
support
Managmt &
Administration
20%
10%
0%
Quality & Efficency of
result
Personalization
Efficency of search
functions
45
Collaboration features
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Demand Profiling UNI Hagen
based on Requirements
Integration ILS systems
100%
90%
Usability ease of use
80%
Format & Migration support
70%
Commercial systems
that have been reviewed
60%
50%
40%
30%
Openess and custom support
20%
Managmt & Administration
10%
0%
Quality & Efficency of result
Personalization
Requirements
measured with
Primo V2.0
the SHAMAN
requirements
Primo V3.0
and scoring
Hagen Uni
Efficency of search functions
46
Collaboration features
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Methodology applied for the
FU Hagen Library Project
1. Creation of a base questionnaire within the
2.
3.
4.
5.
47
SHAMAN project for digital preservation with
the focus on library institutions
Review of the current situation in Hagen (as is)
Prioritization of the future demanded features
Generation of a Ranking Schema related to the
Hagen Library Requirements (new 100% axis)
Mapping of the SHAMAN System FeaturePr0filing results to the new Ranking Schema
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Requirements measured
against System Landscape
Integration ILS systems
160%
140%
Usability ease of use
120%
System 1 Commercial newest release
Requirements FUH Library
System 1 commercial previous release
Format & Migration
System 2 commercial
support
System 3 Open source
100%
System 4 Open Source
80%
System 5 Commercial
60%
System 6 Open Source
40%
Openess and custom
support
Managmt &
Administration
20%
0%
Quality & Efficency of
result
Personalization
Efficency of search
functions
48
Collaboration features
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Requirements measured
against Commercial System 1
System 1 Commercial newest release
Integration ILS systems
160%
140%
Usability ease of use
120%
Requirements FUH Library
System 1 commercial previous release
Format & Migration
support
100%
80%
60%
40%
Openess and custom
support
Managmt &
Administration
20%
0%
Quality & Efficency of
result
Personalization
Efficency of search
functions
49
Collaboration features
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Requirements measured
against Commercial System 2
Requirements FUH Library
Integration ILS systems
160%
140%
Usability ease of use
120%
System 2 commercial
Format & Migration
support
100%
80%
60%
40%
Openess and custom
support
Managmt &
Administration
20%
0%
Quality & Efficency of
result
Personalization
Efficency of search
functions
50
Collaboration features
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Requirements measured
against Commercial System 3
Requirements FUH Library
Integration ILS systems
160%
140%
Usability ease of use
120%
System 5 Commercial
Format & Migration
support
100%
80%
60%
40%
Openess and custom
support
Managmt &
Administration
20%
0%
Quality & Efficency of
result
Personalization
Efficency of search
functions
51
Collaboration features
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Requirements measured against
different Open Source Systems
Requirements FUH Library
Integration ILS systems
160%
140%
Usability ease of use
120%
System 3 Open source
System 4 Open Source
Format & Migration
support
System 6 Open Source
100%
80%
60%
40%
Openess and custom
support
Managmt &
Administration
20%
0%
Quality & Efficency of
result
Personalization
Efficency of search
functions
52
Collaboration features
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Gap analysis for all (combined)
Open Source Systems
Requirements FUH Library
Integration ILS systems
160%
140%
Usability ease of use
120%
System 3 Open source
System 4 Open Source
Format & Migration
support
System 6 Open Source
100%
80%
60%
40%
Openess and custom
support
Managmt &
Administration
20%
Gap to be filled in
the project with
programming
resources
0%
Quality & Efficency of
result
Personalization
Efficency of search
functions
53
Collaboration features
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Gap analysis Commercial
versus Open Source
System 1 Commercial newest release
Integration ILS systems
160%
140%
Usability ease of use
120%
Requirements FUH Library
System 3 Open source
Format & Migration
support
System 4 Open Source
System 6 Open Source
100%
80%
60%
40%
Openess and custom
support
Managmt &
Administration
20%
0%
Gap to be filled in the
Project with system 1
Quality & Efficency of
result
Personalization
Efficency of search
functions
54
Collaboration features
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Analysis Dimensions
Total Cost of Ownership (I)
 Commercial system of choice






55
Cost of investment
Cost of customization and consulting activities to fill
the gap
Cost of maintenance for a period of time
(maintenance fees)
Cost of migration of customization to the next
following releases (number of releases in the defined
period of time
Cost of own administration resources
Hosting cost if applicable
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Analysis Dimensions
Total Cost of Ownership (II)
 Open Source system(s) of choice






56
Cost of API learning with function review
Cost of development and quality assurance to fill the gap
Cost of documentation to bring the own source code in the
source code community
Cost of own administration and of keeping development
resources (plus eventually additionally API learning cost of
fluctuation appears)
Cost of quality control for new Open source releases to
participate in community bug fixing related to the own
installation
Hosting cost if applicable
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Other Decision Criteria
provided by Users/Customers
Have there been technical KO criteria to exclude other vendors
Pricing
Option to the future (announce new functions or previews)
Influencing capabilities on vendors roadmaps and priorities
User network support given by other consortia partners
Decision promoted by synergies with other institutions
Consulting power of a certified vendor partner
Consulting power and experience of the vendor
Feedback from other customers, reference visits
Provided test and evaluation capabilities by the vendor
Quality of the presales support
Market shares and installed base
Solvency and reliability of the vendor
Size and power of the vendor
Importance
57
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Concluding Remarks
 There are pros and cons to selecting Open Source and
Standard Software
 SW should be selected and used only after

Careful Needs and Requirements Analysis including
Profiles of own Competences vs. available
Open Source Profiles and
Standard Software Profiles


58
Thorough Definition of Success Criteria
Systematic Evaluation of Potential Benefits versus Riscs
including Total Cost of Ownership
Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009
Fine.
Thank you very much for your attention.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias L. Hemmje
Phone (InConTec): +49-9552-931494
Phone (Uni. Hagen): +49-2331-987-304
E-Mail:
Matthias.Hemmje@incontec.de
Matthias. Hemmje@fernuni-hagen.de
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Open Source vs. Commercial Software Impacts on Library Infrastructures – Amsterdam, 5th of October 2009