AP Biology – Development
Overview
Animal development -
The evolution of the
Four membranes:
Fertilization “___________________”
Fertilization events in sea urchins
Sperm releases enzymes
Fusion of sperm and ovum triggers
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The fusion of gametes triggers
This prevents any other
The fertilized cell is
Cleavage “________________”
The zygote
Eventually
At this point,
Then
AP Biology – Development
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Gastrulation “ __________________”
Details may vary
The three
Gastrulation in sea urchins
Gastrulation in frogs
Fates of the three primary germ layers
Ectoderm (________________________________)
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Epidermis of skin and its derivatives (including sweat glands and hair follicles)
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Pituitary gland, adrenal medulla
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AP Biology – Development
Mesoderm (_________________________________________)
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Circulatory and lymphatic systems
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Dermis of skin
Adrenal cortex
Endoderm (_________________________________________)
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Epithelial lining of digestive tract and associated organs (liver, pancreas)
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Thymus, thyroid, and parathyroid glands
Protostomes vs Deuterostomes
A major division line among animals
Neurulation and Organogenesis “_______________________”
Neurulation:
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Organogenesis:
Morphogenesis:
Changes in cell shape during development are referred to as
This is a very important aspect of development biology (structure and function
relationships).
Human Development
AP Biology – Development
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Polarity and Cell Fate
How do cells know where they are in the embryo and what should they become?
Roughly: Cues from two main sources
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Fate Mapping:
Cell Fate Experiments
Funky frog fetuses:
By manipulating frog embryos at early stages
Limb development:
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Summarize (with drawings if it helps) the events of fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation and organogenesis.
Discuss some ways that the developmental fate of cells can be decided.