Concept Map 2: controlling BSL
Terms: blood glucose (increase, decrease),
hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glucagon, insulin, type
1 diabetes, ineffective insulin, inadequate insulin, type
2 diabetes, glycogen
Draw a diagram logically linking all of the terms.
Concept Map: Controlling BSL
Blood Sugar Level
Hyperglycemia
Blood
glucose
Inadequate
insulin
Hypoglycemia
Insulin released
Glucagon released
Ineffective
insulin
DM Type 1 DM Type 2
Blood glucose
Release liver
glycogen
Blood
glucose
Question of the Day
You have met your daily calorie and glucose
needs. Plus, you have exceeded your protein
need by 20 gms. What will your body do with
the extra protein?
a. Convert it to glycogen
b. Convert it to storage protein
c. Make it into fat
d. Excrete in the urine
e. Store it as ATP
Question of the Day
You have met your daily calorie and glucose
needs. Plus, you have exceeded your protein
need by 20 gms. What will your body do with
the extra protein?
a. Convert it to glycogen…Already met glucose
need
b. Convert it to protein...Protein is NOT stored
c. Make it into fat…Exactly what happens!
d. Excrete in the urine...Only the N is excreted
e. Store as ATP…Store as fat, make ATP as
needed
Why Eat Vegetarian?
You tell me.
Vegetarian Variations

Lacto Ovo
No animal flesh
Includes dairy/eggs…can be hi fat!

Vegan……No animal flesh or by-products
Fruits, veggies, grains, nuts, beans, seeds
Common, BUT typically not a diet of choice

Macrobiotic, Pescetarian, Frutarian… etc.!
Question of the Day
Think Vegan!
What is the major health
advantage/disadvantage of this diet?
Vegan Diet: Health Advantages
No cholesterol
 Low saturated fat
 High fiber
 Phytochemical rich
 Relatively inexpensive
 High nutrient, low Calorie density
 Smart choice environmentally and for
personal health

The real Paleo Diet
Vegan: Special diet concerns

Iron and Zinc
Beans, whole grains, fortified foods

Vitamin B-12
Fortified food, supps*

Vitamin D
Fortified soy, sun, supps

Calcium
beans, most tofu, leafy greens, fort. foods
Vegan: Protein adequacy; not a concern

Iron and Zinc
Beans, whole grains, fortified cereals, supps

Calcium
Fortified foods, beans, most tofu, supps

Vitamin B-12 !!!
Fortified food, supps

Vitamin D
Fortified soy, sun, supps
…but, how can I get enough
protein if I don’t eat meat???
Yes
Affirmative!
No problem!!
Of course!!!
What foods groups provide
protein?
Dietary Sources of Protein



Nuts
Grains
Legumes – beans, soy



Animal flesh
Eggs
Dairy products

Protein supplements
Note: often unneeded
easy to overdose
Compare Menus for Protein
Menu #1
 12 oz soy milk
 2 slices whole wheat bread
 1 tbsp jam
 2 tbsp peanut butter
Menu #2
 Fast food burger (Big Mac type)
 Mayo, ketchup, tomato, pickle
 Fries small
 Soda 24 oz
Compare Menus for Protein
Menu #1
 12 oz soy milk
12
 2 slices whole wheat bread
8
 1 tbsp jam
0
 2 tbsp peanut butter
8
Menu #2
 Fast food burger (Big Mac type) 25
 Mayo, ketchup, tomato, pickle
0
 Fries small
3
 Soda 24 oz
0
Does Protein Quality Matter?
YES!
Measuring Protein Quality

Complete: Essential AA mix = human need
Animal products and soy

Incomplete: Essential AA mix ≠ our need
Plant products: grains, nuts, beans, seeds

How do vegans meet their protein needs?
Solution: Protein Complementation
• Global standard  Grains + Legumes
• Examples
◦ Rice + beans
◦ Tofu + rice
◦ Lentils + barley
◦ Garbanzos + couscous
◦ US favorite ???
The PBJ
wheat+peanut
Rice and Beans
Corn (grain) and Black Eye Peas
Garbanzos + Wheat (Hummus and Pita)
To include animal products or not?
A meat based diet is:
tasty
relatively cheap $-wise in US
expensive environmentally
(can be) costly to your health
What changes can you make to
eat more vegetarian meals?
Eat more like a vegetarian.
What changes can you make?
Try a Meatless Monday.
 Eat less meat than you do currently.
 Choose 100% pasture fed beef.
 Buy local, organic meats.
 Commit to eat a vegan diet for three
days before the end of term.
 ??????

Compromise?!
Eat vegan ….or like one more often!
Optional slides
Protein Needs of Vegetarian
Omnivore = .8 g/Kg (~.4 g/lb)
 Lacto-Ovo = 1.0 g/Kg (~.5g/lb)
 Vegan = 1.2 g/Kg (~.6g/lb)
 Infant 0-1 yr ~ 2g/kg !!!!!
 Protein deficiency = Kwashiorkor
 Protein deficiency uncommon in US!!

Arable Land: a Finite Resource

90% U.S. agricultural land used for
animal production….either as pasture or
grain acreage

~Majority of corn/soy grown in US
is fed to livestock….
not people
The cost of producing meat
Land damage
◦ Erosion, overgrazing, deforestation
 Intensive water use (feed grain/animal)
 Air/water pollution (manure, antibiotics)
 Biodiversity ; resistant species
 Heavy demand on fossil fuel

Fossil Fuel Calories Edible Calories
1/3 Cal 1 Cal grain protein
 2 Cal 1 Cal ready to eat cereal protein
 1-5 Cal 1 Cal veg protein
 10-90 Cal 1 Cal animal protein
Beef: The Impact

What does it take to make a pound burger?
◦ ~10 pounds of grain (corn and soy)
◦ ~100 pounds of topsoil
◦ ~ 2, 500 gallons water