Matter
Big Ideas: Matter exists in
different physical states and has
observable properties
The Arrangement of particles
determines the state of matter
Ice, water, and water vapor are made of
the same molecules (2 hydrogen atoms
and 1 oxygen atom)
 When H2O changes from one state to
another the molecules do not change
BUT the arrangement of the molecules
change
 This change in arrangement is what gives
each state of matter its own
characteristics

Particle Arrangement in a Solid
The particles in a solid are close together
 They (molecules or atoms) are fixed in
place but can vibrate and twist
 Example- Think about how you have to
stay in your seat or when the entire class
had to sit on the carpet in 1st grade.

Particle Arrangement in a Liquid
The particles are close together but are
farther apart than particles in a solid
 They can slide freely past one another
 Example-Think about how you are able to
move in our hallway between classes. You
have more room to move than when you
had to sit, but you are somewhat limited

Particle Arrangement in a Gas
The particles in a gas are farther apart
than those in liquids or solids
 Particles move freely in any direction
 Example-Think about yourself walking
through the hallway at school before other
students are allowed in the building. There
is plenty of space for you to move
around

Now let’s take a look at
what this looks like!
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/index.html
Basics of Matter
Solids have their own shape and volume
 Liquids have a specific volume but do not
have their own shape
 Gases do NOT have their own shape or
volume

Movement of Gas Molecules
Gas molecules are always in motion
and move around freely
 Changes in temperature, pressure and/
or volume affects how the gas molecules
move
 Check out these examples to learn more!

http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_sci_physical/page_build.cfm?id=non
e&u=1##
Physical properties describe a
substance
Physical properties are the characteristics
you would use to describe the object.
 Take a moment and look at your table……..
 How would you describe your table?
 You used your senses to describe the color,
size, texture, and shape of the table.
 We could have also found its volume and
mass

Did these observations change the
table?
NO!! Of course it didn’t!
 When you described the
table, you identified the
characteristics of the
object that you can
observe without changing
the table
 THESE ARE THE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES!

Still not sure?
Just ask yourself whether observing the
property involves changing the
substance.
 Examples

– Stretching a rubber band
– Bouncing a ball
– Cutting up carrots
Matter has observable properties
What do you think the difference is
between physical and chemical change?
 Watch the following clips and make
observations
 http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_sci_p
hysical/page_build.cfm?id=none&u=1##

Well? Now what do you think the
difference is between a physical
change and a chemical change?

A physical change is a change in its
physical properties
– It may look different but it does not change
who or what it is.
– Example- A sheep is sheared, the wool is
spun into yarn, and finally the yarn is dyed. It
is still wool!
Chemical properties describe how
substances form new substances
Chemical properties describe how
substances can form new substances
 The change of one substance to another
substance is called chemical change
 Examples

– Wood burning
– Silver tarnishes
Signs of a Chemical Change
If you observe 2 or more of
the following signs then you
are most likely observing a
chemical change
 PRODUCTION OF AN ODORsome chemical changes
produce a NEW odor
– Examples-rotten egg smells
like sulfur
– The smell in the air after a
thunderstorm

Signs of a Chemical Change
continued!!
CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE-chemical changes
are often accompanied by a change in
temperature
 CHANGE IN COLOR-a change in color OFTEN
indicates a chemical change.

– Example-rotting fruit
FORMATION OF BUBBLES-When an antacid
makes contact with water it begins to bubble.
The formation of gas bubbles is another
indicator.
 FORMATION OF A SOLID-when 2 liquids
combine and a solid called a precipitate can
form.

Time to Review

Get your plickers ready and let’s see what you
remember 
Solids have
A fixed mass
A fixed volume
A fixed shape
Number 2 and 3
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2.
3.
4.
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The arrangement of atoms and
molecules determines its state of
matter.
10
True
False
1.
2.
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A liquid has..
A fixed volume
and a fixed shape
No fixed volume
and a fixed shape
A fixed volume
and no fixed
shape
No fixed volume
and no fixed
shape
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Gas molecules are able to move
about freely.
True
False
1.
2.
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If observing a property doesn’t
change the substance, what kind of
property is it?
Jefferson Property
Physical Property
Chemical Property
1.
2.
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Cutting paper is a chemical change.
10
Yes
No
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An egg being cooked is a physical
change.
Yes
No
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2.
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Atoms are rearranged during a
chemical change.
10
True
False
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Color, shape, size and texture are
Physical
properties
Chemical
properties
Physical changes
Chemical changes
1.
2.
3.
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Dissolving sugar in water is an
example of a
10
Physical change
Chemical change
Change in state
Pressure change
1.
2.
3.
4.
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