ELEC ENG 4BD4
Lecture 1
Biomedical Instrumentation
Instructor: Dr. Hubert de Bruin
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Cochlear Implant
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Advances in Vision (Retinal
Stimulation)
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Mini Gastric Imaging
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Calendar Description:
Principles of instrumentation; Noise and interference in electrical
measurements; Generation and nature of bioelectric potentials;
electrodes and other transducers; electrical safety; neuromuscular and
cardiovascular instrumentation; ultrasonics for bio-measurements
other than imaging; computer interfaces for data acquisition systems.
Course Objectives:
Students will be able to apply the principles of electronic circuits and
devices to the use and design of instrumentation in the biomedical
area. They will have gained a basic knowledge of the operating
principles of electrical and other transducers, analog and digital
instrumentation, applied signal acquisition and processing, electrical
safety in the medical environment, electrical properties of nerve and
muscle physiology; and instrumentation used in cardiopulmonary,
neurological, surgical, and rehabilitation areas of medicine.
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Course Information
Instructor: Dr. Hubert de Bruin, ITB A211, 905-5259140 XT 24171 debruin@mcmaster.ca
Teaching Assistants: Dennis Yazhemsky, Adhithya
Ravichandran
Schedule: Lectures:
3hours/week
Tutorials:
1 hour per week
Labs: 3hours (6)
Website: go to
http://www.ece.mcmaster.ca/faculty/debruin/debruin/teaching.htm
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Topics Covered
General Overview of Instrumentation
Lecture 1
Introduction to Measurement Systems
Lecture 2
Coherent and Other Noises in Measurements
Lecture 3
General Properties of Sensors
Lecture 4
Analog Instrumentation
Electrophysiology and Instrumentation Used
Lecture 5
Origins of Electrophysiological Signals
Lecture 6
Biopotential Electrodes Including Equivalent Circuit Models I
Lecture 6A
Biopotential Electrodes Including Equivalent Circuit Models II
Lecture 7
Recording Biopotential Fields on the Body
Common Electrophysiological Signals Recorded in Biomedicine and
Associated Instrumentation
Lecture 8
Origin of ECG, Standard Recording Systems
Lecture 8A
ECG Noise Coupling, Heart Rate Detection
Lecture 9
Muscle Organization and Function
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Topics (cont’d)
Lecture 10
Electromyography (Recording and Analyzing Muscle Signals)
Lecture 11
Brain Electrical Signal (EEG)
Lecture 11A
Other Instrumentation Applications in EEG
Lecture 12
The Electro-Ocularogram (EOG)
Sensors and Instrumentation to Measure Other Variables
Lecture 13
Temperature Sensors and Instrumentation
Lecture 14
Position and Movement Sensors
Lecture 15
Force and Pressure Measurement using Strain Gauges
Lecture 16
Piezoelectrics and Application
Lecture 17
Chemical Sensors
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Topics (cont’d)
Measurement of Cardiopulmonary Function
Lecture 18
Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood Pressure
Lecture 19
Measuring Blood Oxygen (Pulse Oximeter)
Lecture 20
Measuring CO2 (Capnometry)
Lecture 21
Measuring Blood or Airflow (Plethysmography)
Application of Therapeutic Electrical Energy
Lecture 22
General Principles of Electro-Stimulation
Lecture 23
Cardiac Pacing and Pacemakers
Lecture 24
Cardiac Defibrillators
Lecture 25
Muscle Stimulation
Lecture 26
Electrosurgery
Professional Standards and Safety Codes
Lecture 27
Electrical Safety I
Lecture 28
Electrical Safety II
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Laboratory Sessions:
Lab 1 : Differential amplifiers; DAQ / DSP /
Statistical Analysis
Key Concepts: Discrete Signals, Acquisition,
Amplifiers, Frequency Domain
Lab 2 : ECG / Heart Rate
Key Concepts: Biopotentials, Electrocardiogram,
Einthoven's Triangle, Noise Artifact, Bioinstrumentation amplifier for ECG
Lab 3 : EEG
Key Concepts: Alpha & Beta Waves (Alpha Blockers)
– in phase or out of phase. Spectral and time analysis,
Irregularities, Bio-instrumentation amplifier for EEG
Lab 4 : EMG & Motor Control
Key Concepts: Muscle twitches, rectification,
averaging, RMS, Force vs EMG, Filtering effects on
applications of EMG, Bio-instrumentation amplifier for
EMG
Lab 5 : EOG & Environmental Control
Key Concepts: DC Signals, DC Amplifiers, Frequency
component of blinking, Scaling of signals and creation
of algorithms to make raw data into useful information,
Bio-instrumentation amplifier for EOG
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Textbooks (Optional):
1. Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design.
John G. Webster
2. Custom Courseware, Lecture Slides posted on the
class website
Additional resources:
1. Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements;
Second Edition; Robert B Northrop; Taylor and
Francis; ISBN 0-8493-3773-9
2. Noninvasive Instrumentation and Measurement in
Medical Diagnosis; Robert N. Northrop; CRC press;
ISBN 0-8493-0961-1
3. Design and Development of Medical Electronic
Instrumentation, D. Prutchi and M. Norri, WileyInterscience, 2005
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Course Assessment
Assessment:
Labs 20%
Midterm 30%
Final Exam 50%
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Process of Measurement
• Understand the event (variable) you are
measuring
• Is variable directly related to event?
• Is variable indirectly related to event?
• Is variable statistically related to event?
• Is event itself random?
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Process of Measurement (cont’d)
• Is measurement biased (will final result
have an offset, e.g. does it always read
high)?
• What are unavoidable sources of noise?
• How much does this contaminate your
measurement?
• Maximize your signal-to-noise ration SNR
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Measurement Specifications
• What is amplitude range of selected
variable
• What is bandwidth of variable (does
variable change rapidly or slowly)?
• What is required resolution (smallest
change you need to measure)?
• What is required accuracy?
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EE 4BD4 Lab Instrumentation
• Modular McMaster Analog Instrumentation
System
• National Instruments DAQ system with
Laboratory Interface
• Desktop PC running National Instruments
Virtual Instrumentation language
“Labview”
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MacECE BiomedLab
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Course Objectives
• Be able to analyse a biomedical
measurement problem and plan a solution
• Be able to design analog “front ends” for a
variety of physiologically related signals
• Gain familiarity with a number of different
instrumentation sensors
• Design a simple computer data acquisition
program
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Course Objectives (cont’d)
• Gain experience with collecting and
analysing different electrophysiological
signals (ECG, EMG, EEG, Accelerometer,
etc.)
• Be exposed to concepts of electrical safety
and professional medical instrument codes
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