MEMBERSHIP IN WHO




The membership is open to all countries with non-self
governing territories as associate members.
1948- 56 member countries.
1998- 191 members & 2 associate members.
India became a member on 12th Jan 1948.
SUBMITTED BY
JASIRA.KOLLOLI
GUIDED BY
dr. MEHAMOOD MOOTHEDATH
dr. AZEELA
INDEX
INDEX
 Introduction
 Origins of WHO
 Important dates in the history of WHO & Oral
Health Unit
 The constitution of WHO
 Memberships in WHO
 The staff of WHO
 Structural organization of WHO
 The first World Health Assembly
 Regionalization of WHO
The
Headquarters & Regional Offices of WHO
Member countries of WHO in South East Asia Region
Budget & finance of WHO
Purposes of WHO
The WHO agenda
The work of WHO
Role of WHO in Public Health
WHO Oral Health Unit
WHO Publications & Journals
 Languages of WHO
 The World Health Day
INTRODUCTION
The world health organization is a
specialized agency within the charter of the
United Nations, which is non political in its
functions.It is the directing & coordinating
authority for health which was established in
the year 1948 by 61 Governments “for the
purpose of co-operation among themselves &
with others to promote the health of all
people.
WHO - FLAG
THE ORIGIN OF WHO
The charter of United Nations was adopted &
signed at San Francisco Conference in May 1945.At
this conference, Brazil & China suggested the
establishment of an International Health Organisation.
The economical & social council convened an
International Health Conference for the summer of
1946,& a preparatory committee met previously in
Paris to draft a constitution .The 18 members of
Technical Preparatory Committee, whose chairman
was Dr.Rene Sand of Brussels, a pioneer of social
medicine with Dr.Brock Chisholm, a Canadian
psychiatrist & administrator who became the first
Director General of WHO.
THE World Health Conference met in New York
for month in June/July 1946,& adopted the
Constitution of the future WHO. Thus the WHO was
officially born on the 7th April 1948,when the 26th
govt. (out of the 61 who signed it)formally ratified it
in its national parliament.
THE IMPORTANT DATES IN THE HISTORY OF
WHO & ORAL HEALTH UNIT
MEMBERSHIP
1946- Constitution
of WHO was approved by
IN WHO
International
Health
Conference
of 51with
Nations

The membership
is open
to all countries
non-selfin
New governing
York
territories as associate members.
1948of WHO
at Geneva
1948-Birth
56 member
countries.
1961published
the 1st Directory
1998-WHO
191 members
& 2 associate
members. of Dental
nd edition

India became
a member
on 12th Jan 1948.
Schools(2
in 1967)
1969a) 22nd World Health Assembly adopted a resolution
in favor of water fluoridation for dental caries
prevention
b)Global Oral Data Bank was initiated
1977- 30th World Health Assembly fixed target of
health for all by the year 2000.
 1978a)Joint WHO & UNICEF International Conference
adopted a declaration on primary health care as
the key to attaining health for all by 2000.
b)31st World Health Assembly reinforced dental
caries prevention.

1979- The global goal for dental caries was
established at less than 3 DMFT at the age of 12
years.
 1981a)WHO unanimously adopted the global strategy
for health for all by the year 2000.
b)The United Nations General Assembly endorsed
the global strategy & urged collaboration with the
WHO by other concerned international
organization.
 1987- International program started to help
developing countries create a national oral health
plan.

THE CONSTITUTION OF WHO
“The state parties to this constitution declare, in
conformity with the charter of the United
Nations, that the following principles are basic to
the happiness, harmonious relations & security of
all people;
a) Health is a state of complete physical, mental
& social well being & not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity.
b) The enjoyment of the highest attainable
standard of health is one of the fundamental
rights of every human being without
distinction of race , religion, political belief,
economic or social condition.
c)
d)
e)
The health of all people is fundamental to the
attainment of peace & security & dependent
upon the fullest co-operation of individuals &
states
The achievement of any state in the promotion
& protection of health is of value to all.
Healthy development of the child is of basic
importance; the ability to live harmoniously a
changing total environment is essential to such
development.
The extension to all people of the benefits of
medical , psychological &related knowledge is
essential to the fullest attainment of health.
d) Informed opinion & active co-operation on the
part of the public are the utmost importance in
the
Improvement of the health of people.
h) Governments have a responsibility for the
health of their peoples, which can be fulfilled
only by the provision of adequate health &
social measures.
c)
MEMBERSHIP IN WHO
The membership is open to all countries with
MEMBERSHIP IN WHO
non self governing territories as associate
members
1948 – 56 member countries
1998 January - 191 members & 2 associate
members
India became a member on 12th January 1948




The membership is open to all countries with non-self
governing territories as associate members.
1948- 56 member countries.
1998- 191 members & 2 associate members.
India became a member on 12th Jan 1948.
MEMBER COUNTRIES IN WHO
THE STAFF OF WHO
Among the technical staff , many are medical &
public health specialists, but nursing , pharmacy,
dentistry, veterinary medicine, sanitary
engineering, biology, chemistry, economics,
statistics & library science are also
represented.
 The only staff specified by constitution of the
organization are the Director General & 6 Regional
Directors.
 The Director General is assisted by a Deputy
Director General & 5 Assistant Director General.

The
current DG is Dr.Margaret Chan (9 Nov 2006)
 Former DGs include Lee Jong-Wook(2003-06),
Gro Harlem BrandHand(1998-2003),Hiroshi
Nakajima(1988-98),Halfdan J Mahler(197388),Marcolino Gomes Candan(1953-73) & Brock
Chis holm(1948-53)
 Anders Nordstorm was acting DG for 6 months in
2006 following the death of Lee while in office.
MEMBERSHIP IN WHO




The membership is open to all countries with non-self
governing territories as associate members.
1948- 56 member countries.
1998- 191 members & 2 associate members.
India became a member on 12th Jan 1948.
Former Directors of smallpox
eradication program
Dr. Margaret Chan
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF WHO
1)The World Health Assembly/ Parliament
2)The Executive Board / Cabinet
3)The Secretariat
THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY
This is the “Health Parliament” of nations & supreme
governing body of organization.
It meets annually, usually May, &generally at headquarters in
Geneva(14th Assembly met at New Delhi-1961)
Functions,
i.
To determine international health policy & programs.
ii. To review the work of past year.
iii. To approve the budget needed for the following year.
iv. To elect member states to designate a person to
serve for 3 years on the executive Board &to replace
the retiring members.
THE EXECUTIVE BOARD
•
•
•
•
30 -31 members, providing that no fewer than
3 are to be elected from each regions.
Board meets at least twice a year, generally in
January &shortly after the meeting of the
World Health Assembly
Main work is to give effect to the dicisions &
policies of the Assembly
The board also has the power to take actions
in an emergency
THE SECRATARIATE
Headed by DG
•4475 international public servants(1985)
• Primary function is to provide member states
with technical & managerial support for their
national health development prorammes.
• The secretariat composed of several divisions(31
Dec 1985-14 divisions)
•
THE FIRST WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY
The 1st World Health Assembly met in Geneva in
June/July 1948 & decided that the WHO should
formally come into existence on 1st Sept 1948.
Geneva was chosen as the headquarters& it was
also decided to push ahead with regionalization.
REGIONALIZATION OF WHO
A characteristic feature of WHO is its
decentralization.
 It has 6 regional organizations, each consisting
of a Regional Committee & a Regional Offices
 The Regional Offices were set up between 1948
& 1952.

THE HEADQUARTERS OF WHO
Situated in Geneva, Switzerland
• Responsible for establishing technical & administrative
policies & procedures that are applicable throughout the
organization.
•
THE REGIONAL OFFICES
Responsible for formulating of a regional character & for
monitoring regional activities.
•The Regional Director is the technical &administrative
head of the regional office.
•
No.
COUNTRY
HEADQUARTERS
1
South East Asia Region
New Delhi, India
2
Eastern Mediterranean
Region
Alexandria, Egypt
3
Region of the Americas
Washington
D.C.,USA
4
African Region
Brazzaville, Congo
5
Western Pacific Region
Manila , Philippines
6
European Region
Copenhagen ,
Denmark
HEAD QUARTERS AT GENEVA
THE SOUTH EAST ASIA REGION
The headquarters of the SEARO is in New Delhi(World Health
house, Indraprastha, Delhi)
DATE OF JOINNING
COUNTRY
POPULATION
19,May, 1972
1982
12, Jan, 1948
23, May, 1950
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Indonesia
143.8
2.2
1049.5
217.4
8, March, 1982
5, Nov, 1953
1, July, 1948
Korea
Maldives Islands
Myanmar
22.5
0.3
48.9
2, Sept, 1953
Nepal
24.6
7, July, 1948
26, Sept, 1947
Sri Lanka
Thailand
18.8
62.2

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

To help governments strengthen their health services.
To promote better teaching standards in medicine and its
related professions.
To inform, advice and help in the field of health.
To promote in cooperation with other specialized agencies
where necessary- the improvement of nutrition, housing,
sanitation,recriation,economic or working condition& other
aspects of environmental hygiene.
To promote cooperation among scientific and professional
group which advance the cause of good health.
To promote maternal and child health and welfare and foster
the ability to live harmoniously in a changing environment.
To foster activities in the field of mental health especially
those affecting the harmony of human relations.
 To
promote and conduct research in field of health.
 To stimulate the irradiations of epidemic, endemic
and other diseases.
 To propose international conventions and
agreement in health matters.
 To develop internationals standers for food,
biological and pharmaceutical products.
 To assess in developing and informed public opinion
among all peoples on matters of health.
 To study and report on administrative and social
techniques affecting public health and medical care
from preventive and curative points of view,
including hospital services and social security
 Promoting
development
 Fostering health security
 Strengthening health systems
 Harnessing research, information and
evidence
 Enhancing partnership
 Improving performance
 Prevention
and control of specific diseases
The global irradiation of smallpox is an
outstanding example of international health
cooperation's.
It is now directing the global battle against AIDS
 Development of comprehensive health services.
WHO’s most important single function is to
promote and support national health policy
development of comprehensive national health
programes'.
• Family health
Family health is one of the major program
activities of WHO since 1970,and is broadly
subdivided into maternal and child health care,
human reproduction, nutrition and health
education
 Environmental
health
A number of programmers have been developed such as
“WHO Environmental Health Criteria Program” And
“WHO Environmental Health Monitoring Programes”
towards improving environmental health
 Health statistics
WHO publishers “International Classification Of Disease”
which is updated every 10 year. The 10 revision of ICD
came into effect from first January 1993
• Biomedical research
The WHO does not it self do research, but
stimulate and coordinate research work.
•
Health literature and information
The WHO library is one of the satellite centers of
the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval
system(MEDLARS )of the US National Library Of
Medicine.
 Corporations
with other organizations
WHO collaborates with the UN and with the other
speacialed agencies, and maintained various
degrees of working relationship.
 Providing
leadership on matters critical to health
and engaging in partnership work joint action is
needed.
 Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the
generation, translation and Dissemination of
valuable knowledge.
 Setting norms and standards and promoting and
monitoring their implementation.
 Articulating ethical and evidence base policy
option.
 Providing technical support, catalyzing change
and building sustainable institutional capacity.
 monitoring the health situation and assessing
health trends.
• Established in 1956
• The who oral health programs have developed and
expanded considerably over the last 2 decades.
• WHO plays an important role in the advancement of
oral epidemiology.
• The WHO has published a manual titled ”
ORAL HEALTH SURVAYS:BASIC METHODS which deals
extensively with the procedures and steps in carrying
out an oral survey, identification of dental caries
,periodontal diseases , malocclusion , fluorosis, etc.
•
•
•
•
WHO has also published “GUIDE TO ORAL HEALTH
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS” which can be used
for more elaborate oral health surveys.
Another manual entitled “APPLICATON OF THE
INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OFDISEASES TO
DENTISTRY & STOMATOLOGY” ,it facilitates the
collection of data from records related to the rarer oral
conditions
The WHO has established a GLOBALORAL
EPIDEMIOLOGY DATA BANK , from which data are
available in response to a variety of questions
WHO International Collaborative Study on Dental
Manpower Systems is another special program of WHO
Another program established is WHO ORAL
DISEASE PREVENTIVE PROGRAMME
One of the main objectives of the this program is
to develop model preventive programs
That can be recommended for use in countries or
areas with different disease levels and with
Different progression patterns
BUDGET & FINANCE OF WHO
The scale to the assesment of the budjet is based
broadly on population and income per head .
The united state of America -32%
USSR- 12%
United kingdom-7%
India-2%
Besides its regular budjet, WHO receives
voluntary contributions
THE WHO PUBLICATIONS & JOURNALS
KEY PUBLICATONS:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
The World Health Report
International Travel &Health
International Health Regulations
The International Classification of Diseases
International Pharmacopeia
WHO JOURNALS:
a)
b)
c)
Bulletin of the WHO
Weekly Epidemiological Record
WHO Drug Information
THE WHO ORAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT
FORM
THE who ORAL health Assessment form 1997 is a
universally accepted & used recording methodology for
oral health surveys.
It includes
1) Survey identification information
2) General information
3) Extra oral examination
4) TMJ assessment
5)
Oral mucosa
6) Enamel opacities/hypoplasia
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
Dental fluorosis
CPI
Loss of attachment
Dentition status & treatment need
Prosthetic status
Prosthetic need
Dent facial anomalies
Need for immediate care & referral
Notes
LANGUAGES OF WHO
English
French
Working languages
Chinese
Russian
Spanish
Official languages
THE WORLD HEALTH DAY
The Constitution of WHO came into force on
7th April 1948 & since then 7th April every year is
celebrated as “World Health Day” .
Every year a theme is selected & global attention is
focused on that particular theme.
WORLD HEALTH DAY THEMES
YEAR :
WORLD HEALTH DAY THEME
1950 - Know your own health services
1951 - Health for your child& the world’s children
1952 - Healthy surroundings make healthy people
1953 - Health is wealth
1954 - The Nurse: Pioneer of health
1955 - Clean water means better health
1956 - Destroy disease carrying insects
1957 - Food & health
1958 - Ten years of health progress
1959 - Mental illness & mental health in the world today
1960 - Malaria irradiation-A world challenge
1961 - Accidents need not happen
1962 - Preserve sight-Prevent blindness
1963 - Hunger: Disease of millions
1964 - No trace of Tuberculosis
1965 - Small pox-constant alert
1966 - Man & his cities
1967 - Partners in health
1968 - Health in the world of tomorrow
1969 - Health,Labour & productivity
1970 - Early detection of cancer saves life
1971 - A full life despite diabetes
1972 - Your heart is your health
1973 - Health begins at home
1974 - Better food for a healthier world
1975 - Small pox-point of no return
1976 - Foresight prevents blindness
1977 - Immunize & protect your child
1978 - Down with high B.P
1979 - A healthy child-A sure future
1980 - Smoking or health :The choice is yours
1981 - Health for all by the year 2000
1982 - Add life to years
1983 - Health for all by 2000:The count down has begun
1984 - Children's Health : Tomorrow’s wealth
1985 - Healthy youth: our best resource
1986 - Healthy living-everyone a winner
1987 - Immunization-A chance for every child
1988 - Health for all-All for health
1989 - Let’s talk health
1990 - Our planet-our health; Think globally, act locally
1991 - Should disaster strike-Be prepared
1992 - Heart beat the rhythm of life
1993 - Handle life with care-Prevent violence& negligence
1994 - Oral health for a healthy life
1995 - Target 2000, A world without polio
1996 - Healthy cities for better life- A challenge
1997 - Emerging infectious disease- Global alert &global response
1998 - Safe Motherhood :Pregnancy is precious-Let’s make it special
1999 - Healthy aging, healthy living, start now
2000 - Safe blood starts with me-blood saves life
2001 - Mental Health : Stop exclusion –Dare to care
2002 - Move for health
2003 - Healthy environment for children
2004 - Road safety is no accident
2005 - Make every mother and child count
2006 - working together for health
2007 - Invest in health, build a safer future
2008 - Protecting health from climate change
2009 - Save lives – Make hospitals safe in emergencies
2010 - 1000 cities,1000 lives
2011 - Anti microbial resistance and its global spread
2012 – Aging & Health
International health has come to comprise
those problems in the field of health, which
require consideration and action by more than
one country. Such problems may be dealt with
officially by governments or unofficially by
national or international voluntary assosiations
. WHO plays an important role in this
REFERENCES
 Essentials of Preventive & Community
Dentistry
-Soben Peter
 Park’s Preventive & Social Medicine
 Text Book of Community Dentistry
-Satish Chandra
-Shaleen Chandra
 Ashok’s Public Health & Preventive
Dentistry
 Internet