Class slides for
2/2 & 2/3
Summarizing what “they say”
to set up what “I say”
Chapter 2, Exercise 2
Write two different summaries of David Zinczenko’s “Don’t
Blame the Eater” (pp 241-42). Write the first one for an essay
arguing that, contrary to what Zinczenko claims, there are
inexpensive and convenient alternatives to fast-food restaurants.
Chapter 2, Exercise 2
Write two different summaries of David Zinczenko’s “Don’t
Blame the Eater” (pp 241-42). Write the first one for an essay
arguing that, contrary to what Zinczenko claims, there are
inexpensive and convenient alternatives to fast-food restaurants.
“one”: pronoun
pronoun: takes the place of a noun
So what noun does “one” replace?
(What does “one” stand for?)
Chapter 2, Exercise 2
Write two different summaries of David Zinczenko’s “Don’t
Blame the Eater” (pp 241-42). Write the first one for an essay
arguing that, contrary to what Zinczenko claims, there are
inexpensive and convenient alternatives to fast-food restaurants.
Write the first one = Write the first summary
Chapter 2, Exercise 2
Write two different summaries of David Zinczenko’s “Don’t
Blame the Eater” (pp 241-42). Write the first one for an essay
arguing that, contrary to what Zinczenko claims, there are
inexpensive and convenient alternatives to fast-food restaurants.
In his article, “Don’t Blame the Eater,” David Zinczenko claims
that kids have no inexpensive, convenient alternatives to fastfood restaurants. He says that when he was a teenager, his only
lunch options were “McDonald’s, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried
Chicken [and] Pizza Hut,” and those are the only options for
kids today as well.
Chapter 2, Exercise 2
Write two different summaries of David Zinczenko’s “Don’t
Blame the Eater” (pp 241-42). Write the first one for an essay
arguing that, contrary to what Zinczenko claims, there are
inexpensive and convenient alternatives to fast-food restaurants.
In his article, “Don’t Blame the Eater,” David Zinczenko claims
that kids have no inexpensive, convenient alternatives to fastfood restaurants. He says that when he was a teenager, his only
lunch options were “McDonald’s, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried
Chicken [and] Pizza Hut,” and those are the only options for
kids today as well.
Maybe that was the case back in Zinczenko’s youth,
but it’s certainly not the case today. …
Chapter 2, Exercise 2
Write two different summaries of David Zinczenko’s “Don’t
Blame the Eater” (pp 241-42). Write the first one for an essay
arguing that, contrary to what Zinczenko claims, there are
inexpensive and convenient alternatives to fast-food restaurants.
In his article, “Don’t Blame the Eater,” David Zinczenko claims
that kids have no inexpensive, convenient alternatives to fastfood restaurants. He says that when he was a teenager, his only
lunch options were “McDonald’s, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried
Chicken [and] Pizza Hut,” and those are the only options for
kids today as well.
Maybe that was the case back in Zinczenko’s youth,
but it’s certainly not the case today. …
Rule: The first time you mention someone, use his or her FIRST AND LAST names;
in all subsequent references, use only his or her LAST name.
In his article, “Don’t Blame the Eater,” David Zinczenko claims
that kids have no inexpensive, convenient alternatives to fastfood restaurants. He says that when he was a teenager, his only
lunch options were “McDonald’s, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried
Chicken [and] Pizza Hut,” and those are the only options for
kids today as well.
In his article, “Don’t Blame the Eater,”
David Zinczenko claims that kids have no
inexpensive, convenient alternatives to fastfood restaurants. He says that when he was a
teenager, his only lunch options were
“McDonald’s, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried
Chicken [and] Pizza Hut,” and those are the
only options for kids today as well.
Maybe that was the case back in
Zinczenko’s youth, but it’s certainly not the
case today. From Subway’s “6 Sandwiches
with 6 Grams or Less of Fat” to Chick-Fil-A’s
grilled chicken sandwich, healthy choices are
now standard fare at many fast-food places.
And fast food is no longer the only option,
either: grocery stores are increasingly offering
prepared foods such as salads, sandwiches, and
chicken. Of course, regular grocery store foods
have always been a healthy and affordable
alternative to fast food. A can of soup and
fixings for a ham and cheese sandwich still
costs less than the $6 or so for a Big Mac
meal, and it takes only minutes to prepare. If
Zinczenko would take a good look around,
he’d see plenty of options for kids today.
In his article, “Don’t Blame the Eater,”
David Zinczenko implies that obesity is a
major consequence of too much fast food. He
notes, for example, that in 1994, about 5% of
childhood diabetes was obesity related, while
in 2002 (when he wrote the article), the figure
was closer to 30%. The implication is that in
eight years, childhood obesity had jumped by a
whopping 25%.
Maybe so, or maybe not. Zinczenko admits
that Type 2 diabetes – the kind also related to
obesity – was mostly caused by genetics. It’s
possible that modern medicine has reduced the
percentage related to genetics, so cases related
to other causes (such as obesity) now simply
account for a larger percentage.
Then again, maybe people are just bigger
today. When William Perry earned the
nickname “The Refrigerator” as an NFL player
back in the 80’s, his official weight was 335.
In 2014, the average weight on the Ole Miss
offensive line was 326, and that’s at the
college level. Essex High School had a
defensive lineman who weighed in at 380 –
yes, in high school. Clearly, people are simply
bigger than they used to be. …
In his article, “Don’t Blame the Eater,”
David Zinczenko claims that kids have no
inexpensive, convenient alternatives to fastfood restaurants. He says that when he was a
teenager, his only lunch options were
“McDonald’s, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried
Chicken [and] Pizza Hut,” and those are the
only options for kids today as well.
Maybe that was the case back in
Zinczenko’s youth, but it’s certainly not the
case today. From Subway’s “6 Sandwiches
with 6 Grams of Less of Fat” to Chick-Fil-A’s
grilled chicken sandwich, healthy choices are
now standard fare at many fast-food places.
And fast food is no longer the only option,
either: grocery stores are increasingly offering
prepared foods such as salads, sandwiches, and
chicken. Of course, regular grocery store foods
have always been a healthy and affordable
alternative to fast food. A can of soup and
fixings for a ham and cheese sandwich still
costs less than the $6 or so for a Big Mac
meal, and it takes only minutes to prepare. If
Zinczenko would take a good look around,
he’d see plenty of options for kids today.
In his article, “Don’t Blame the Eater,”
David Zinczenko implies that obesity is a
major consequence of too much fast food. He
notes, for example, that in 1994, about 5% of
childhood diabetes was obesity related, while
in 2002 (when he wrote the article), the figure
was closer to 30%. The implication is that in
eight years, childhood obesity had jumped by a
whopping 25%.
Maybe so, or maybe not. Zinczenko admits
that Type 2 diabetes – the kind also related to
obesity – was mostly caused by genetics. It’s
possible that modern medicine has reduced the
percentage related to genetics, so cases related
to other causes (such as obesity) now simply
account for a larger percentage.
Then again, maybe people are just bigger
today. When William Perry earned the
nickname “The Refrigerator” as an NFL player
back in the 80’s, his official weight was 335.
In 2014, the average weight on the Ole Miss
offensive line was 326, and that’s at the
college level. Essex High School had a
defensive lineman who weighed in at 380 –
yes, in high school. Clearly, people are simply
bigger than they used to be. …
In his article, “Don’t Blame the Eater,”
David Zinczenko claims that kids have no
inexpensive, convenient alternatives to fastfood restaurants. He says that when he was a
teenager, his only lunch options were
“McDonald’s, Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried
Chicken [and] Pizza Hut,” and those are the
only options for kids today as well.
Maybe that was the case back in
Zinczenko’s youth, but it’s certainly not the
case today. From Subway’s “6 Sandwiches
with 6 Grams of Less of Fat” to Chick-Fil-A’s
grilled chicken sandwich, healthy choices are
now standard fare at many fast-food places.
And fast food is no longer the only option,
either: grocery stores are increasingly offering
prepared foods such as salads, sandwiches, and
chicken. Of course, regular grocery store foods
have always been a healthy and affordable
alternative to fast food. A can of soup and
fixings for a ham and cheese sandwich still
costs less than the $6 or so for a Big Mac
meal, and it takes only minutes to prepare. If
Zinczenko would take a good look around,
he’d see plenty of options for kids today.
In his article, “Don’t Blame the Eater,”
David Zinczenko implies that obesity is a
major consequence of too much fast food. He
notes, for example, that in 1994, about 5% of
childhood diabetes was obesity related, while
in 2002 (when he wrote the article), the figure
was closer to 30%. The implication is that in
eight years, childhood obesity had jumped by a
whopping 25%.
Maybe so, or maybe not. Zinczenko admits
that Type 2 diabetes – the kind also related to
obesity – was mostly caused by genetics. It’s
possible that modern medicine has reduced the
percentage related to genetics, so cases related
to other causes (such as obesity) now simply
account for a larger percentage.
Then again, maybe people are just bigger
today. When William Perry earned the
nickname “The Refrigerator” as an NFL player
back in the 80’s, his official weight was 335.
In 2014, the average weight on the Ole Miss
offensive line was 326, and that’s at the
college level. Essex High School had a
defensive lineman who weighed in at 380 –
yes, in high school. Clearly, people are simply
bigger than they used to be. …
Takeaway:
When summarizing what “they
say” in preparation for making
your own case, focus on those
aspects of what “they say” that
directly relate to what YOU say.
Snowden on Cyberwar: America Is Its Own Worst Enemy
BY LAUREN WALKER 1/21/15 AT 6:25 PM
After a year punctuated by hacks and data breaches, most notably a cyberattack against
Sony, President Barack Obama used part of his State of the Union address on Tuesday to mention the
growing threat to cybersecurity. “No foreign nation, no hacker, should be able to shut down our
networks, steal our trade secrets or invade the privacy of American families, especially our kids,” he
said.
The president’s speech came a week after the White House outlined a cybersecurity policy
proposal that calls for more information sharing between the private sector and government, an increase
in penalties for hacking and an update in the standards for when companies have to report that their
customers’ data has been compromised.
Yet in a recent interview on PBS’s Nova, Edward Snowden, the former National Security
Agency (NSA) contractor who leaked a large number of classified documents about government
surveillance, argued that one of the biggest threats to American cybersecurity may actually be
ourselves.
“When the lights go out at a power plant sometime in the future,” Snowden said, “we’re
going to know that that’s a consequence of deprioritizing defense for the sake of an advantage in terms
of offense.”
In the interview, Snowden argued that Stuxnet, a digital virus that the U.S. and Israel
allegedly used to attack Iran’s nuclear program in 2007, was a tipping point in the history of
cyberconflict and led to a proliferation of attacks. “I think the public still isn’t aware of the frequency
with which these cyberattacks, as they’re being called in the press, are being used by governments
around the world,” he said. “We really started this trend in many ways.”
It’s impossible to know how many cyberattacks have been carried out by or against
the U.S. But the numbers appear to be rising. In 2013, U.S. military and federal government
computers were invaded 46,605 times, up from 26,942 in 2009, according to the U.S.
Computer Emergency Readiness Team, which is part of the Department of Homeland
Security.
Underscoring Snowden’s point: Der Spiegel released a trove of documents earlier
this week, which revealed that the NSA broke into North Korea’s computer network in 2010,
out of fear of the country’s growing cybercapabilities. That’s why the FBI was quick to
accuse North Korea of carrying out the Sony hack, which eventually led to the leak of
sensitive internal documents and partially canceled the release of The Interview.
When “we start engaging in these kind of behaviors,” Snowden said, “we’re setting a
standard. We’re creating a new international norm of behavior that says this is what nations
do.”
Scott Shackelford, an assistant professor of business, law and ethics at Indiana
University, says that Snowden “has a point,” and that Stuxnet, because of its sophistication,
did set a precedent. But he stressed that the U.S. didn’t invent cyberattacks. “States,” he said,
“have been doing this for a while.”
Part of the problem the U.S. faces when it comes to cybersecurity, Snowden says, is
that the U.S.—and the NSA in particular—has focused too much attention, money and
resources on offensive capabilities. While the U.S. Army, Navy, Marines and Air Force
already have their own cyberforces, the NSA alone has nearly 40,000 employees who are
responsible for spying and network attacks.
Another problem: The U.S. wants to create backdoors into communication
services, such as smartphone operating systems. The president says this is necessary for
counterterrorism surveillance purposes, but Snowden believes it leaves the U.S. open to
cyberattacks.
“That’s making us more vulnerable not just to the snooping of our domestic agencies but also
foreign agencies,” the former NSA contractor said. “The reality is, when you make those
systems vulnerable so that you can spy on other countries and you share the same standards
that those countries have for their systems, you’re also making your own country more
vulnerable to the same attacks.”
The result, Snowden predicted, is that when hackers begin to target the U.S.
economy, the country won’t be prepared. “The next time the lights go off in a hospital, it’s
going to be in America, not overseas,” he warned.
Shackelford agrees that the threat is real. But he cautioned that offensive
capabilities are still a critical part of defense. “There does have to be a balancing act that
clearly we haven’t been the best always at,” he said. “I think there is an element of shooting
ourselves in the foot here, but at the same time you can’t discount the benefits and security
that we gain through this intelligence gathering.”
In calling for new legislation, Obama has given renewed attention to cybersecurity
and how the government can reduce the severity of the threat. Snowden may not agree with
the White House’s plan, but he does seem to agree with the president on one thing: When it
comes to cybersecurity, the U.S. has an awful lot at stake. As Snowden put it: “We have more
to lose than any other nation on earth.”
In pairs, make a list of each “signal phrase”
in the articles you brought to class.
he said
Edward Snowden argued
Snowden said
Snowden argued
he said
according to the US CERT
Snowden said
Scott Shackleford says
he stressed
he said
Snowden says
One person reads; the other writes. Get to work.
the president says
Snowden believes
the … contractor said
Snowden predicted
he warned
Shackleford agrees
he cautioned
he said
he does seem to agree
As Snowden put it
What’s the main thing you’re supposed to do?
What else are you supposed to do?
4 - Before your conference, write a one-paragraph
summary of "Don't Blame the Eater" (pp 241-43) in
which you include two or three quotes. You will take a
hard copy of this summary to your conference.
5 - Attend your scheduled conference to discuss your
one-paragraph summary.
Any questions about the assignment or your conference?