Review for Test 14
1
• The agricultural revolution is characterized by
the domestication of plants and animals.
When did the agricultural revolution take
place? (How many thousands of years ago?)
2
• Since 1950, most of the increase in global food
production has come from increased yields
per unit of area of cropland in a process called
the __________ ___________. Was/is this
process considered environmentally friendly?
Why or why not?
3
• The world currently produces enough food to
feed the world’s population. (What is the
current population? What is it estimated to be
by 2050?). But if this is the case, why are
millions of people suffering from malnutrition
or under nutrition all over the world?
4
• Just three grain crops provide more than half
the calories people consume. What are the
three? (Take a guess and then use the next
slide to figure it out).
(from #4)
5
• Overfishing, overgrazing, and pollution of free
access resources such as soil, air, and water
are examples of what phenomenon?
• How does overgrazing affect a grassland?
6
• Americans throw away a LOT of food. Most of
it goes into landfills. What alternative does
this picture show? Why is it more beneficial?
7
• Growing different plants that mature at different
times is called____________. Why does this keep
pest populations down without having to use
pesticides?
8
• These are examples of __________. The two
agents shown are ______ and _______.
• Question 8 represents the GREATEST source of
water pollution!! Mass/volume-wise… What is
it???
• Which type of tillage is most likely
represented in question 8: conventional or
conservation?
9
• All of the following represent “plantation
agriculture”. Use the pictures below to list four
types of crops grown on “plantations”.
10
• This represents a type of erosion control.
What is it called?
11
• This represents a type of erosion control.
What is it called?
12
• These are legumes. Legumes help to replenish
nitrogen in the soil. Why? (hint – look at the
bottom left picture).
13
• This is a picture of goiter. It is a result of a lack
of _______ in the diet.
14
• Lack of vitamin A can cause ________.
(Carrots contain vitamin A).
• Lack of protein can cause __________.
(Swelling and a distended abdomen are
symptoms)
15
• Where, is the “bread basket” of the United
States? (what region)
16
• Soil particles carry negative charges. The
negative charges are “exchange sites”. The
amount of negative charge sites is known as
the soil’s _______ _______ _________.
(from #16)
• Sand has a ________ CEC.
• Humus has a _______ CEC.
• Which one would need more lime if it was
acidic in order to increase the pH of that soil?
– (Lime = Calcium Carbonate – CaCO3)
17
• On Polyface farms, the chicken-mobile follows
the cows. What is the purpose of the
chickens? This reduces the need for what?
(from # 17)
18
• This farmer has planted a ______ ______ in
order to reduce erosion. It may also put
nutrients back into the soil.
19
• The vegetation that grows along stream banks
is called __________ vegetation. Overgrazing
can reduce this vegetation. Why is this
harmful to the stream and the whole
ecosystem?
– Good
- Bad
20
• Plants that live for more than two years are
called __________. They can be harvested
without the need to plant them again. Why is
this beneficial? (why does it help prevent
erosion?)
• Asparagus is an example
21
• Are each of these an organic or inorganic
farming method?
22
• Planting soybeans and corn at the same time
using the strip cropping method or planting
corn and then soybeans using a rotational
cropping method helps to “balance” the
amount of nitrogen in the soil. EXPLAIN why.
– Strip cropping
23
• This wheat field is a monoculture. If no chemicals are used on
this field, what would happen to a pest population that feeds
on wheat? What would happen to this “ecosystem” if it was
exposed to a disease that affects wheat?
24
• Which of the following would be considered
“subsistence agriculture”?
25
• Which of the following is higher in humus (or
organic matter)? How do you know?
26
• What is a CAFO? (These pictures represent
CAFO’s)
27
• These glow-in-the-dark animals had a gene that codes for this trait
inserted into their DNA. They are known as Transgenic organisms or
GMO’s. What is a GMO?
28
• This represents the process
of creating a GMF. What is a GMF?
The corn has been modified so that it contains
it’s own pesticide. When pests eat the corn,
their stomachs explode! However, when wind
carries the pollen for this trait into
natural ecosystems it kills off non-target insects
that are NOT considered pests.
29
• The previous slide describes how/why corn
has been genetically modified. How/why have
soybeans been genetically modified?
• Describe two pros and two con for the genetic
modification of food.
30
• Which biome has nutrient-poor, acidic soil?
WHY is the soil nutrient-poor and acidic?
FRQ Practice
• A previous college board APES exam asked the
following free response question:
Suppose you are working for a cooperative
extension service, where you will collect soil
samples, conduct laboratory and field tests,
and make recommendations on soil
conservation and agricultural practices.
(a-d are on the next slide)
• A) identify and describe one chemical soil test and
one physical soil test that could be performed and
explain how these tests will allow the cooperative
extension service to make specific recommendations
for sustainable agriculture.
• B) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage to
using inorganic commercial fertilizers.
• C) Describe TWO soil conservation practices that are
designed to decrease soil erosion.
• D) Identify one biome that is characterized by soil
that is rich in humus. Describe how humus originated
in the soil of this biome and TWO ways that humus
improves soil conditions for plant growth.