Review
The Endocrine System
Review
• What is the main function of the endocrine
system?
• To secrete hormones
• These are ductless glands, secrete directly into
the capillaries of the circulatory system?
• Endocrine glands
• These are glands that secrete substances through
ducts?
• Exocrine glands
Review
• Name the nine glands(or groups) in the endocrine system?
• The pituitary gland, the thyroid, the parathyroid(s), the pancreas,
the adrenals, the ovaries, the testes, the thymus, and the pineal
body(gland)
• This is considered to be the “master” gland of the endocrine
system(and the body)?
• The pituitary gland
• This is part of the pituitary gland that secretes growth hormones?
• The anterior pituitary gland
• The posterior pituitary synthesizes and secretes theses two
endocrine hormones?
• Oxytocin and Vasopressin
• Oxytocin stimulates?
• Contractions of the uterus during childbirth
Review
• This gland is encased in a capsule of connective tissue, has two
lobes, one on each side of the larynx?
• The thyroid gland
• This is a condition in which the thyroid gland makes too
much thyroid hormone?
• Hyperthyroidism
• This is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make
enough thyroid hormone?
• Hypothyroidism
• This is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, caused by a lack of
iodine?
• Goiter
• Medical term for a goiter?
• Thyromegaly
Review
• These glands that have two pairs, are embedded on
the posterior surface of the thyroid gland, and
regulates the calcium and vitamin D contents in the
blood?
• The parathyroid glands
• These are endocrine glands that sit atop the kidneys,
regulates metabolism?
• Adrenal glands
• This glands is a dual-function organ that have features
of both endocrine and exocrine glands, secrete insulin?
• Pancreas
Review
• This is a two-lobed structure located under the sternum, involved in
the production of T-cells that make up our immune system?
• Thymus gland
• This is a small mass of tissue attached by a slim stalk to the roof of
the third ventricle in the brain, produce a substance called
melatonin(helps with sleep)?
• The pineal gland
• Medical term for ovaries and testes are known as?
• Gonads
• In the female, the ovaries secrete?
• Estrogen and progesterone
• In the male, the testes produce a hormone known as?
• Testosterone(hormone develops the primary and secondary male
sexual characteristics)
Review
• This is a test used to measure fasting glucose, to assess the
function of the pancreas, including insulin?
• Glucometer(blood sugar)
• This test is to measure the presence of a hormone secreted
by the placental cell(pregnancy)?
• Urine human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)
• This test is used to measure glucose level over the previous
3 month period?
• Glucohemoglobin AIC
• This procedure checks the function of the thyroids ability to
absorb and retain iodine, patient takes oral iodine?
• Radioactive iodine uptake test
Review
• This is a chronic metabolic disorder in which there is
too much growth hormone and the body tissues
gradually enlarge?
• Acromegaly
• This is a disorder that occurs when the adrenal
glands do not produce enough of their hormones
cortisol, lack of pigmentation
• Addison’s disease
• This is an endocrine disorder of the adrenal glands that
have physical and physiologic effects, produces to
much cortisol?
• Cushing’s disease/syndrome
Review
• This is the medical term for sugar(glucose) in the urine?
• Glycosuria
• This is a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high
levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood, adult onset, caused
by a problem in the way your body makes or uses insulin?
• Type 2 diabetes
• This disorder is most often diagnosed in children,
adolescents, or young adults, when beta cells produce little
or no insulin?
• Type 1 diabete
• Diabetes while pregnant?
• Gestational DM
• This is an immune system disorder that results in the
overproduction of thyroid hormones
• Graves' disease
Review
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Where is insulin produced?
Pancreas
Chemical messengers that influence the body functions of the Endocrine system?
Hormones
Which hormone increases the pigment of the skin?
Melanocytes
Which hormone is secreted in the response to high blood sugar
Insulin
Which hormone increases calcium levels in the blood?
Calcitonin
Which hormone stimulates contractions for childbirth?
Oxytocin
Medical term for sodium and potassium?
Electrolytes
The thyroid is secreted by which endocrine system?
Anterior Pituitary
Medical term for excessive urination associated with diabetes?
Polyuria
Medical term for excessive secretions of hormones by the sex glands?
Hypergonadiism