THE END OF
WWII
DAY 9
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES
O IDENTIFY EVENTS IN THE WAR IN EUROPE.
O DESCRIBE THE ALLIED OFFENSIVE IN AND
THE LIBERATION OF EUROPE.
O EXPLAIN THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE USE
OF THE ATOMIC
BOMB.
O DESCRIBE THE ALLIED OFFENSIVE IN THE
PACIFIC AGAINST JAPAN.
FREE FRANCE!!
O JULY 25, 1944:
UNDER GENERAL
PATTON, ALLIES BREAK
GERMAN LINE
O AUGUST 25, 1944:
ENTER PARIS
LIBERATION OF PARIS
O WITHIN A MONTH… 1 MILLION TROOPS,
567,000 TONS OF SUPPLIES,
170,000 VEHICLES HAD BEEN
TRANSPORTED TO FRANCE
O AUGUST 23 – PATTON REACHES SEINE
RIVER
O 2 DAYS LATER: FRENCH RESISTANCE
LIBERATES THE CAPITAL – PARIS
O PARISIANS CELEBRATED AFTER 3 YEARS
OF OCCUPATION
OPERATION MARKET GARDEN
O SEPTEMBER 1944: AIRBORNE DIVISIONS
WERE DROPPED ON
HOLLAND
O GOAL: CAPTURE BRIDGES CROSSING THE
RHINE RIVER INTO GERMANY
O HOLLAND HAD BEEN OCCUPIED FOR 4
YEARS
O ALLIED FORCES MET STRONG RESISTANCE
SOUTH OF THE TOWN OF ARNHEM
O AFTER THE LIBERATION OF HOLLAND,
ALLIED SOLDIERS LIBERATED BELGIUM
CELEBRATIONS!
BATTLE OF THE BULGE
O OCT. 1944: ALLIES HAD PUSHED INTO GERMANY
O HITLER RESPONDS W/ GREAT “LAST STAND”
OFFENSIVE
O ORDERS TROOPS TO BREAK THROUGH ALLIED
LINES AND RECAPTURE
ANTWERP
BELGIUM PORT OF
O DEC. 16, 1944: 8 GERMAN TANK DIVISIONS BREAK
THROUGH AMERICAN FRONT
O HITLER’S HOPE WAS TO BREAK SUPPLY LINES
O TANKS DROVE 60 MILES INTO ALLIED LINES
O CREATED A BULGE IN THE LINES
O GAVE THE GREAT BATTLE ITS NAME
O MIDDLE OF THE ARDENNES FOREST
O ALLIED SUPPLY LINES WERE STRAINED, NOT CUT
O EARLY 1945: ALLIES WERE ABLE TO PUSH THE
OFFENSIVE BACK AND INTO
GERMANY
BATTLE OF THE BULGE
BATTLE OF THE BULGE
BATTLE OF BASTOGNE
O DEC. 1944: SMALLER SIEGE OF BELGIUM TOWN DURING
BATTLE OF THE BULGE
O ALL 5 MAIN ROADS OF THE FOREST CONVERGED ON THE
TOWN OF BASTOGNE
O MADE THE CITY IMPORTANCE FOR BOTH THE NAZIS AND
THE ALLIES – SUPPLIES
THE
LIBERATION OF THE
CONCENTRATION CAMPS
O BRITISH AND AMERICAN TROOPS PRESSED INTO GERMANY FROM
THE
WEST AND SOUTH
O SOVIET TROOPS PRESSED IN FROM THE EAST
O TROOPS BEGAN COMING ACROSS CAMPS
O FIRST: JULY 1944 - SOVIETS
YALTA CONFERENCE
O FEBRUARY 1945: FDR, CHURCHILL AND STALIN
O
O
O
O
O
MEET IN YALTA (UKRAINE)
O CALLED THE “BIG THREE”
DISCUSSED THE FATE OF GERMANY AFTER THE WAR
STALIN: HARSH PUNISHMENT
O DIVIDE GERMANY INTO ZONES OF OCCUPATION
CHURCHILL DISAGREED; FDR ACTS AS MEDIATOR
O FDR WANTS STALIN TO JOIN WAR AGAINST
JAPAN
O ALSO WANTED SUPPORT FOR A NEW WORLD
PEACE ORGANIZATION – UNITED NATIONS
RESULTS: CHURCHILL AGREES TO SEPARATE
GERMANY
O 4 ZONES: BRITISH, AMERICAN, FRENCH,
SOVIET
STALIN AGREES TO “FREE” ELECTIONS IN POLAND;
ALSO JOINS WAR AGAINST JAPAN
THE BIG THREE
FDR
CHURCHILL
STALIN
DEATH OF FDR
O APRIL 12, 1945: FDR DIES
O WHILE POSING FOR A
PORTRAIT, THE PRESIDENT
SUFFERS A STROKE
O DOES NOT LIVE TO SEE V-E
DAY
O VICE PRESIDENT, HARRY S.
TRUMAN (MISSOURI) BECOMES
COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF
GERMANY SURRENDERS!!
O APRIL 25, 1945: SOVIET ARMY PUSHES
BERLIN (GERMAN CAPITAL)
O LINKED ALLIED AND SOVIET TROOPS
INTO
TOGETHER
O APRIL 30: HITLER REALIZES THE WAR IS
LOST
O COMMITS SUICIDE IN HIS BUNKER AS THE
BATTLE OF BERLIN RAGES ABOVE HIM
O ALSO W/ HIM: MISTRESS EVA BRAUN
O AFTER THE SURRENDER OF BERLIN,
GERMAN FORCES ALL OVER EUROPE BEGIN
TO SURRENDER
O MAY 7, 1945: GERMANY SURRENDERS
O MAY 8, 1945: NEWS OF SURRENDER
REACHES THE WEST AND CELEBRATIONS OF
“V-E DAY” BEGIN
HITLER AND
EVA BRAUN
CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY
O ALLIED ARMIES DISCOVER
EVIDENCE OF THE
HOLOCAUST
O 12 MILLION PEOPLE DIED IN THE
CAMPS
O NUREMBERG TRIALS:
PROSECUTION OF SURVIVING
24 NAZI LEADERS
O HELD IN THE GERMAN TOWN OF
NUREMBERG
O 12 OF 24 WERE SENTENCED
TO DEATH; REMAINING WERE
SENT TO PRISON
“I WAS ONLY
FOLLOWING
ORDERS.”
IWO JIMA AND OKINAWA
O VICTORIES PAVED THE ROAD FOR THE INVASION OF
JAPAN
O #1 GOAL AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR W/
JAPAN
O ALLIED LEADERS (INCLUDING TRUMAN) KNEW IT
WOULD BE A STRUGGLE
O JAPAN HAD SHOWN HOW IT WAS GOING TO
DEFEND ITS COUNTRY – STILL HAD A HUGE ARMY
O TRUMAN SAW ONLY ONE WAY TO AVOID AN INVASION
– DECIDED TO USE A NEW, POWERFUL WEAPON
THE MANHATTAN
PROJECT
O LED BY GENERAL LESLIE GROVES
O RESEARCH DIRECTED BY SCIENTIST J. ROBERT
OPPENHEIMER
O CONSIDERED THE BEST KEPT SECRET OF
AMERICAN HISTORY
O PEAK: 600,000 PPL EMPLOYED (5 KNEW
THE PURPOSE)
O TRUMAN DIDN’T KNOW UNTIL AFTER FDR’S
DEATH
O BEGAN W/ ALBERT EINSTEIN INFORMING THE
US ABOUT GERMANY’S INTENT TO DEVELOP
ENRICHED URANIUM – “BUILD A BOMB”
TRINITY TEST
O DISCOVERY OF NUCLEAR FISSION AND
PLUTONIUM
O IT WAS ONLY A MATTER OF TIME BEFORE A
BOMB WAS BUILT
O NO ONE KNEW IF IT WOULD WORK!!
O JULY 16, 1945: FIRST NUCLEAR BOMB IS SET
OFF
O DESERT SOUTH OF ALAMOGORDO, NM
O NICKNAMED THE “GADGET”
O CRATER: 10 FEET DEEP AND
1,110 FEET WIDE
O “MUSHROOM CLOUD” WAS CREATED
O FELT 180 MILES AWAY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ru2PWmGIoB8
TRINITY TEST
"Now I have become Death,
the destroyer of worlds."
TRUMAN’S DECISION
O PRESIDENT TRUMAN MUST MAKE THE CHOICE
O END THE WAR WITH THE BOMB OR INVADE AND
FIGHT A BLOODY BATTLE IN JAPAN
O JULY 25, 1945: TRUMAN GAVE THE ORDER TO
DROP 2 BOMBS ON JAPANESE MILITARY TARGETS
O GAVE JAPAN A FINAL WARNING TO SURRENDER
OR FACE “PROMPT AND UTTER DESTRUCTION”
O WITHIN THE NEXT MONTH, TWO A-BOMBS WOULD
BE DROPPED ON JAPANESE CITIES
USS INDIANAPOLIS AND TRANSPORT
O JULY 26: SHIP DELIVERS CRITICAL
PARTS FOR THE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB
TO BE USED ON JAPAN
O PHILIPPINES
O JULY 30: ATTACKED BY A JAP
SUBMARINE
O SINKS IN SHARK INFESTED WATERS
O SECRETIVE: SURVIVORS FLOAT IN
WATER FOR 4 DAYS BEFORE BEING
RESCUED
O LAST VESSEL TO BE SUNK BY ENEMY
IN WWII
O NEVER BEEN FOUND
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9S41Kplsbs
HIROSHIMA
O MILITARY CENTER – POP. 300,000
O PRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL
O
O
O
O
WEAPONS
O ONLY CITY W/O POWS
AUGUST 6TH : B-29 BOMBER
ENOLA GAY TAKES OFF (EARLY
MORNING) – PILOT: COL. PAUL
TIBBETS
O CARRYING A-BOMB, “LITTLE
BOY” - 9,700 POUNDS
O PRIMARY TARGET: HIROSHIMA
EXPLODED AT 8:15 AM
200,000 DIE
JAPAN DID NOT SURRENDER!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t19kvUiHvAE
BEFORE AND AFTER
“LITTLE
BOY”
MUSHROOM
CLOUD
HIROSHIMA
HIROSHIMA
VICTIMS
NAGASAKI
O TRUMAN DID NOT RECEIVE THE SURRENDER
OF JAPAN AFTER THE HIROSHIMA
BOMBINGS
O NAGASAKI: LARGEST SEA PORT IN
SOUTHERN JAPAN
O GREAT INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE
(SHIPPING)
O OLDER, MORE TRADITIONAL JAPANESE
INFRASTRUCTURE
O AUGUST 9TH, 1945: B-29 BOMBER,
BOCKSCAR DROPPED “FAT MAN” ON
NAGASAKI
O 80,000 WOULD EVENTUALLY DIE FROM THE
BOMBING (SOME FROM RADIATION
POISONING)
O AUGUST 10TH: DISCUSSION BEGAN OF THE
NEXT BOMB
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncq_Wye43TM
NAGASAKI
NAGASAKI
NAGASAKI
VICTIMS
IMPORTANCE OF BOMBINGS
O JAPAN WAS FORCED
TO SURRENDER
O SOVIET UNION WAS
FORCED TO TAKE
NOTE OF US POWER
O BEGINS THE “ARMS
RACE” W/ SOVIETS
O PREFACE TO THE
COLD WAR
SURRENDER OF JAPAN
O Emperor Hirohito order
“control of the situation”
O Soviet Union had
declared war (broke nonaggression pact)
O “I cannot bear to see my
people suffer any
longer.”
O August 14th:
announcement of
surrender
O “V-J Day”
O Victory over Japan
USS MISSOURI
O SEPT 2ND: FORMAL CEREMONIES OF
JAPANESE SURRENDER TAKE PLACE
O U.S. BATTLESHIP, USS MISSOURI
O TOKYO BAY
O “TODAY THE GUNS ARE SILENT.” MACARTHUR
Macarthur’s
Speech
USS Missouri
REBUILDING BEGINS
O Yalta Conference:
O Formation of United Nations
O Occupation of Japan:
O Under General Douglas
Macarthur
O Tojo (Prime Minister) sentenced
to death
O Transformed Japan’s govt. and
economy
O Women’s suffrage, and other basic
freedoms
O Constitution is still called,
“Macarthur Constitution”
UNITED NATIONS
O APRIL 25TH: 50 NATIONS MEET IN SAN
FRANCISCO, CA TO ESTABLISH A NEW
PEACEKEEPING BODY
O JUNE 26TH: DELEGATES SIGNED CHARTER THAT
ESTABLISHED THE UN
O WILL BECOME AN ARENA FOR THE US AND THE
SOVIET UNION TO USE AS A FORUM TO SPREAD
THEIR INFLUENCE OVER THE WORLD!!
UNITED NATIONS
HEADQUARTERS
THE END OF WORLD WAR II