Sociology In Our Times
Diana Kendall
Chapter 5:
Social Structure and Interaction
in Everyday Life
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DEFINITION : SOCIAL STRUCTURE
THE STABLE PATTERS OF SOCIAL
RELATIONSHIPS THAT EXIST WITHIN
A PARTICULAR GROUP OR SOCIETY
SOCIAL STRUCTURE FRAMEWORK
SOCIETY
Statuses
and Roles
Social
Institutions
Traditional
Emergent
Ascribed
Status
Social Groups
Primary
Groups
Secondary
Groups
Achieved
Status
CHARACTERISTIC OF SOCIAL STRUCTURES
SOCIAL STRUCTURES
• “PLACE” US IN SOCIETY
• CREATE ORDER AND PREDICTABILITY IN
A SOCIETY, AND GIVES US THE ABILITY TO
INTERPRET THE SOCIAL SITUATIONS.
• ORGANIZE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF
SOCIAL, NATURAL AND PHYSICAL EVENTS
• ARE CREATED BY US BUT ACT ON US
• THEY ENDURE OVER TIME AND CHANGE
SLOWLY
COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL STRUCTURES
• TYPES OF STRUCTURES
• GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS
• STATUSES AND ROLES
• INSTITUTIONS
PHYSICAL STRUCTURES
WORK
CIVIL PROTEST
CHANGING FAMILY
STRUCTURES
ROLE
OF
WOMEN
IMMIGRATION
IDEAS AND INDIVIDUALS
CHANGES IN SOCIAL STRUCTURES
DURKHEIM: “WHAT HOLDS SOCIETY
TOGETHER?”
• MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY: BASED
ON SIMILARITIES AS TRADITIONS,
COMMUNITY RULES, SAME VALUES
• ORGANIC SOLIDARITY: BASED ON
DIFFERENCES, DIVISION OF LABOR
TONNIES’ THEORY
OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
• GEMEINSCHAFT: “COMMUNITY”,
TRADITION, KINSHIP.
ASCRIBED STATUS DETERMINES
PLACE IN SOCIETY
• GESELLSHAFT: “ASSOCIATION”,
INDUSTRIALIZED SOCIETY,
IMPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS,
BASED ON ACHIEVED STATUS
Groups
Primary Groups
Key
Concepts
for
Understanding
Groups
Secondary Groups
Social Network
Formal
Organization
Social Institutions
Replacing Members
Essential
Functions
of Social
Institutions
Teaching New
Members
Producing, Distributing
and Consuming
Goods/Services
Preserving Order
Providing and Maintaining
a Sense of Purpose
SOCIAL STATUS
• THE SOCIALLY
DEFINED
POSITION IN
SOCIETY
• EXAMPLE:
MOTHER,
STUDENT,
OCCUPATION
• ASCRIBED:
STATUS DOES
NOT CHANGE
• ACHIEVED:
STATUS CAN
CHANGE
MASTER STATUS
• DETERMINES PERSON’S SOCIAL
POSITION
• EXAMPLES: BEING RICH, POOR,
• OCCUPATION,
• MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENT,
• PHYSICAL CONDITION
STATUS RECOGNITION
SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS:
• PRESTIGE, HONOR
• LIFESTYLE
STATUS SYMBOLS:
• MATERIAL SIGNS
• BELIEFS
• ACHIEVEMENTS
SOCIAL ROLE
• A SET OF BEHAVIORAL
EXPECTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH
A GIVEN STATUS
• ROLE EXPECTATION: SOCIETY’S
DEFINITION OF A ROLE
• ROLE PERFORMANCE: HOW A
PERSON ACTUALLY PLAYS THE
ROLE
ROLE CONFLICT:
•ROLE DEMANDS FROM TWO OR MORE
STATUS POSITIONS
ROLE STRAIN:
•INCOMPATIBLE DEMANDS EXISTING
IN A SINGLE STATUS POSITION
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION THEORY
• SOCIAL INTERACTION CREATES
MEANING
• CIVIL INATTENTION
• SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF
REALITY
• DEFINITION OF THE SITUATION
Dramaturgical Analysis
Impression
Management
Face-Saving
Behavior
Studied
Nonobservance
Front Stage
Back Stage
Key Concepts
of
Dramaturgical
Analysis
DRAMATURGICAL ANALYSIS
• EVERYDAY LIFE SEEN AS
THEATRICAL PRESENTATION
• IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT
(PRESENTATION OF SELF)
• STAGE PROPS
• FACE SAVING BEHAVIOR, “STUDIED
NON-OBSERVANCE”
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
• COMMUNICATING WITHOUT USE OF
SPEECH
• COMMUNICATES PERSONS
EMOTIONS