Skeletal System - Green Local Schools

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Kidneys

Ureters

Urinary Bladder

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

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Area of Focus: The Skeletal System.


• Picture of you without a skeletal system.


• Picture of you without a skeletal system.


• Bone contains three types of cells. These three cells…



– Osteoblasts: Make new bone and help repair damage.




– Osteocytes: Carry nutrients and waste products to and from blood vessels in the bone.




– Osteocytes: Carry nutrients and waste products to and from blood vessels in the bone.

– Osteoclasts, Break down bone and help to sculpt and shape it.


• Bones are coated in a thin layer of blood vessels that nourish the bone.


• Bones are coated in a thin layer of blood vessels that nourish the bone.


• Activity! Who can guess the number of bones in an adult human being.


• An adult human has 206 bones.

– When you are born, you have over 300 bones.



– When you are born, you have over 300 bones.



– When you are born, you have over 300 bones. They fuse together as you get older.








• Many bones form from a tissue called cartilage.

• Feel the tip of your nose and your ears.

They are both made of cartilage.


• At just a few months old, bone starts to replace your cartilage.

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– This process stops at about 25 years old and that’s when you stop growing.



– This process stops at about 25 years old and that’s when you stop growing.


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The skeletal system…

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Provides the shape and form.


• Provides the shape and form.
















• What animal is this?











• Answer! Anteater.


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- Provides shape and form

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Supports.

• Tendons connect muscles to the bones.



– Picture below is reattachment of Achilles tendon.



– Picture below is reattachment of Achilles tendon.


• Activity! Everyone stand in place and do one jump in the air all at once.

– Make sure your area is safe and feel how your tendons, muscles and skeleton work together.


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Protects.


• What is the point of this cage?


• Your skeletal system surrounds your most important internal organs with a rib cage.










• Your pelvis helps protect the bladder, intestines, and reproductive organs in women.


• Your eyes are protected by the eye sockets.


• Your brain is protected by the skull case


• Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

– A blow to the head that disrupts normal brain function.

– A mild blow to the head can result in being knocked unconscious.


• Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

– 50,000 people in the U.S. die each year

– Most occur from falls and motor vehicle accidents.

– In severe cases your brain doesn’t function well anymore.

• What does the above mean?


• Video Link! Josh’s Story.

– What can you learn from Josh and his family?

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ609Tk-qQI


• Helmets can help prevent serious brain injury. Wear them!




• Helmets can help prevent serious brain injury. Wear them! and be smart.




• Repetitive collisions / concussions can cause a number of serious brain functioning problems later on in life.


• Case study. Former NFL Players. NPR

– Two page reading and or audio link.

– http://www.npr.org/2014/01/31/269422083/sideline d-by-brain-injury-ex-nfl-player-copes-withdesperation

– Audio Link of reading.

– http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?acti

on=1&t=1&islist=false&id=269422083&m=269529

730

Discussion video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UT__BsZlHSc

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- Supports

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- Protects

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Produces blood.

• An average of 2.6 million red blood cells are produced every second by the bone marrow


• An average of 2.6 million red blood cells are produced every second by the bone marrow to replace those worn out and destroyed by the liver.


• If there’s a problem with your bone marrow, a transplant can give you healthy new marrow.

– You could need a transplant because of a disease or if cancer treatment kills your healthy blood cells.


There are two main categories of bones.

Spongy Bone (Cancellous bone)

Compact Bone

Spongy bone or soft bone contains bone marrow. (Cancellous bone)

Bone Marrow contains many blood vessels.

Red Marrow: Creates red and white blood cells.

Yellow: Contains fat cells

• Axial Skeleton: The supportive structure of the body oriented along its median longitudinal axis.

• Appendicular Skeleton:

Attaches to something, the extremities.

• Axial Skeleton: The supportive structure of the body oriented along its median longitudinal axis.



• Axial Skeleton: The supportive structure of the body oriented along its median longitudinal axis







• Bones are categorized into several groups.



– Long Bones



– Long Bones

– Flat Bones



– Long Bones

– Flat Bones

– Irregular Bones



– Long Bones

– Flat Bones

– Irregular Bones

– Short Bones


Long

Bone

Long Bone

Short

Bones

Flat Bones

Irregular Bone


Long

Bone

Long Bone

Short

Bones

Flat Bones

Irregular Bone


Long

Bone

Long Bone

Short

Bones

Flat Bones

Irregular Bone


Long

Bone

Long Bone

Short

Bones

Flat Bones

Irregular Bone


Long

Bone

Long Bone

Short

Bones

Flat Bones

Irregular Bone


Long

Bone

Long Bone

Short

Bones

Flat Bones

Irregular Bone


Long

Bone

Long Bone

Short

Bones

Flat Bones

Irregular Bone


Long

Bone

Long Bone

Short

Bones

Flat Bones

Irregular Bone


Long

Bone

Long Bone

Short

Bones

Flat Bones

Irregular Bone


Long

Bone

Long Bone

Short

Bones

Flat Bones

Irregular Bone


Long

Bone

Long Bone

Short

Bones

Flat Bones

Irregular Bone


• Video! (Optional) Skeletal System Song

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vya4wpS2fgk


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- Supports

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- Protects

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- Produces blood

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Allows movement.


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Allows movement.


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Stores minerals.


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Bones are held together by connective tissues.


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Ligaments: Bones to bones


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Ligaments: Bones to bones

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Tendons: Bones to muscles


1


1

Muscle

1

Muscle

Bone

1

Muscle

Bone

2

3

3

Muscle

3

Muscle

Bone

4

4


Flat Bone


Flat Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Compact Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Compact Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Spongy

Bone

Compact Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Spongy

Bone

Compact Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Spongy

Bone

Red

Marrow

“Blood”

Compact Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Spongy

Bone

Red

Marrow

“Blood”

Compact Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Spongy

Bone

Red

Marrow

“Blood”

Compact Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Spongy

Bone

Red

Marrow

“Blood”

Compact Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Spongy

Bone

Red

Marrow

“Blood”

Compact Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Spongy

Bone

Red

Marrow

“Blood”

Compact Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Spongy

Bone

Red

Marrow

“Blood”

Compact Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Spongy

Bone

Red

Marrow

“Blood”

Compact Bone


Flat Bone

Long Bone

Tendon

Long Bone

Short Bones

Spongy

Bone

Red

Marrow

“Blood”

Compact Bone


Long Bones


Long Bones Flat Bones






Long Bones Flat Bones Short Bones






Long Bones Flat Bones Short Bones Irregular


Long Bones Flat Bones Short Bones Irregular


• Activity Sheet! Creating your anatomy resource book.

– Please label all of the following. Use…

– http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap2/systems/tutori al.html


metacarpals phalanges








Jaw bone is called mandible

Mandible metacarpals phalanges









Scapula metacarpals phalanges





Sternum metacarpals phalanges




















carpals phalanges


Phalanges

Metacarpals

Carpals

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges carpals phalanges


carpals phalanges


carpals phalanges


carpals phalanges


carpals phalanges


carpals phalanges


carpals phalanges


carpals phalanges


carpals phalanges


carpals phalanges


carpals phalanges


carpals

Tarsals

Metarsals phalanges


carpals

Tarsals

Metarsals phalanges












• Please record answers in the direction of the arrow. Use a comma between answers.

– Top Down,

– Left to Right.

Example…

1.) Femur, Tibia, Fibula

2.) Humerus , Radius, Ulna

2

3

4

7

8

9

10

Note- Wearing high heels can cause many serious and permanent health problems to bones and tendons.

Fibula

Fibula

Fibula

Tibia

Fibula

Tibia

Fibula

Tibia

Tarsals

Fibula

Tibia

Tarsals

Fibula

Tibia

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Fibula

Tibia

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Fibula

Tibia

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Phlanges

2

2

Clavicle

2

Clavicle

Scapula

2

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

3

3

Pelvis

3

Pelvis

Femur

4

Tibia

4

Fibula

Tibia

4

Fibula

Tibia

4

Tarsals

4

Fibula

Tibia

Metatarsals

Tarsals

7

7

Femur

7

Femur

Patella

7

Femur

Tibia

Patella

8

8

Skull

8

Skull

Jawbone

Mandible

8

Skull

Vertebrae

Jawbone

Mandible

9

9

9

Sternum

9

Sternum

9

Clavicle

Sternum

9

Clavicle

Sternum

9

Clavicle

Sternum

Ribs

10

10

10

Ulna

10

Ulna

10

Ulna

Radius

10

Ulna

Radius

10

Ulna Carpals

Radius

10

Ulna Carpals

Radius

10

Ulna Carpals

Metacarpals

Radius

10

Ulna Carpals

Metacarpals

Radius

10

Ulna Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Radius

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A human joint: A place where two bones meet.


• Joints can be…



– A.) Fibrous (immovable)




– B.) Cartilaginous (partially movable)





– C.) Synovial (freely movable)










































• Video Link! Skeletal System and Joints

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkwAR8yjWA

Q&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PLDA

23E9C49D9E90C9 (Preview  )


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The six types of human joints.

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Ball and Socket Joint: Radial movement in almost any direction.

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Hips and Shoulders.


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Ellipsoid Joint: Similar to ball and socket but much less.


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Hinge Joint: Allows extension and retraction.


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Pivot Joint: Rotation around an axis

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Neck and forearms.


• Activity Stretch! Person to sit in the middle of the room.

– Without moving shoulders, how far can the person look behind them using a pivot joint.


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Saddle Joint: Movement back and forth and up and down.


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Gliding Joint: Bones slide past one another.


• Match the picture to the correct type of joint on the next slide.

Ellipsoid


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

D

B

F

A

C

E


• Match the picture to the correct type of joint on the next slide.

Ellipsoid


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


• Ball and Socket

• Ellipsoid

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Saddle

• Gliding

B

B

D

C

F

E


Caution! You may want to look away.

• Some common injuries are…



• Sprains



• Sprains



• Sprains

• Fractures



• Sprains

• Fractures



• Sprains

• Fractures

• Dislocations



• Which pictures goes with the correct term?

A break in the bone, made of living tissue and repair happens quickly.

A

An impact to the skeleton can force a bone out of its joint

B

C

Ligaments or tendons get pulled or torn beyond their range




A


B

C





A


B

C





A


B

C





A


B

C





A


B

C





A


B

C



• Which terms are switched?


A


B

C





A


B

C





A


B

C





A


B

C




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RICE

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R-

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• Video Link! R I C E and ankle sprains.

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRfa__3YUyY




































Compound Fracture

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