‫بسم هللا الرمحن الرحمي‬
Course Title : A/E Radiography Level : 8
Course No : RAD 422
lecture hours/week : 2
Lec Timing :Sunday (11-10)
Instructor : Essam Eltom
Topical outline
Primary care of emergency patient
( Patient transfer).
The emergency Trolley :contents &
uses
Types of injuries &fractures
complications and management
Shock, Types causes & management
Injuries especially blunt trauma to
chest and abdomen.
Head & spine injuries, Types,
complications, and management
The acute chest, causes and radiographic
investigations
The acute abdomen ,causes and
radiographic management.
Acute medical conditions investigated
with isotopes
Low back-ache
Emergencies in obstetrical practice
Efficiency of different modalities in the
management of trauma.
Lecture .1
Primary care of emergency patient
Transference to and handling
techniques
Lecture .1
References
Frank M. Pierson: Principles & Techniques
of Patient Care, Saunders;4 edition 2007
Useful websites
http://www.healthcarelearning.leeds.ac.uk/pages
/learnzone/1_emertrans/emertrans.htm
Learning Objectives
By the end of this Lecture the student will be able to:
1. Describe the trolley design and its basic components
2. List the basic safety factors that must be considered when moving a
patient.
3. List and identify principles of body mechanics.
4. Identify the components of lifting techniques.
5. Determine the amount of assistance involved with the transfer
6. Discus correct manner of transferring patient:
A- from wheelchair to x-ray table
B- from x-ray table to wheelchair
C- from stretcher to table
D- from table to stretcher
8. Explain the safety precautions when examining patients with Foley
catheter, IV bottle, and chest drainage system.
The trolley used for transport patient must have certain characteristics
to make it suitable for severe injured patients , this include:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A mean of tilt the trolley top
A variable height adjustment
A drip stand holder
An oxygen bottle holder
Brakes on the wheels
A radiolucent rubber covered foam
mattress capable of being detached
to slide across onto an x-ray table
7. An adjustable backrest which can be
inclined at various angles
8. A side rests which can be raised and
lowered as necessary.
Principle for safe patient transfer
1. Check chart for precaution before transfer
to minimize patient pain .
Principle for safe patient transfer
2. Let the patient do as much of the transfer
as possible.
Principle for safe patient transfer
3. Use wide base of support for your stability.
Using Proper Body Mechanics
The safest way of lifting and moving things is
to use these principles of body mechanics:
– Center of gravity (pelvic area).
– Base of support (the feet).
– Body alignment.
Principle for safe patient transfer
4. Hold the patient with a transfer belt around
the waist.
Principle for safe patient transfer
5. Avoid trunk twisting during transfer
Principle for safe patient transfer
• Watch the patient for signs of any emergency
and take precaution to minimize its effects.
Principle for safe patient transfer
1.Check chart for precaution before transfer to minimize patient pain
2. Let the patient do as much of the transfer as possible.
3. Use wide base of support for your stability.
4. Hold the patient with a transfer belt around the waist .
5. Avoid trunk twisting during transfer .
6. Watch the patient for signs emergency , and take precaution to
minimize its effects .
Body mechanics
•
Using the body’s major moveable parts (head,
trunk, arms, and legs) in an efficient manner to
maintain balance, conserve energy, and avoid
strain and injury while performing work.
Advantages Of Proper Body Mechanics
•
•
Prevent injury
Reduce energy consumption
Components Of Good Body Mechanics
•
•
•
•
Posture
The alignment of head,
trunk, arms, and legs
The proper alignment of
the body
Coordination of body
movement
Principles of Body Mechanics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Avoid unnecessary bending.
Avoid unnecessary lifting.
When lifting, face the object you
are moving.
When changing direction of
movement, turn your whole body.
Use your strongest muscles to
accomplish work.
Use your thighs and hips by
bending knees when lifting.
Use both arms to lift.
Principles of Body Mechanics
•
•
•
•
•
•
Move smoothly, avoid movements that are jerky.
Hold heavy objects close to the body or stand close to
the person or object being moved.
If you hold the object away from the body, strain is
placed on the muscles of the lower arms.
Get assistance if the person or object is too heavy.
Increase your base of support by placing your feet
slightly apart (eight to ten inches works well for most
people).
Avoid lifting heavy items above the head.
Mechanic of lifting
A- Wheelchair transfer
•Standby assist transfer
•Tow persons lift technique
• Hydraulic lift techniques
•Assisted standing pivot transfer
B- Cart transfer (stretcher )
Standby assist transfer
For patient have ability to transfer from a
wheelchair to table on their own .
1- Position the wheelchair at a 45 degree angle
to table
2- Move the wheelchair footrest out of the way .
3- Be sure that the wheelchair is locked .
Then instruct the patient to:
4- Sit on the edge of the wheelchair seat .
5- Push down on the arms of the chair to assist
in rising
6- Stand up slowly .
7- Reach out and hold onto the table with the
hand close to the table .
8- Hold onto the table with both hand and sit
down .
Two Persons Lift
For patient cannot bear weight on their lower
extremities.
Hydraulic lift techniques:
For patients are too heavy to lift manually
Assisted standing pivot transfer
For patient who cannot transfer independently
Caring of Patients with Foley catheter
 For a patient with a Foley catheter, during the radiological examination place
the drainage bag and tubing below the level of the bladder to maintain the gravity
flow of urine.
Note:
 Placement of the tubing or bag above or level with the bladder
will allow backflow of urine into the bladder. This reflux of
urine can increase the chance of urinary tract infection (UTI).
Caring of Patients with IV bottles
 It is recommended that the IV bottle be kept 18 to 20 in above the level of the vein.
Note:
 If the bottle is too high, the pressure of the IV fluid can cause it to pass through the
vein into surrounding tissues, causing a painful and potentially harmful condition.
If the IV bottle is too low, blood may return through the needle into the tubing,
form a clot, and obstruct the flow of IV fluid.
Caring of Patients with chest drains system
 Chest tubes are used to remove air, blood, or fluid from the pleural
cavity.
 When examining a patient with a chest drainage system it should
always be kept below the level of the patient's chest.
 The technologist must take care that the tubes of the chest drainage
unit do not kink and do not get caught on radiographic equipment.
 The unit must remain below the level of the chest in order to work
properly.
The End – Thank You