Chapter 7:
The
European
Union
SUPRANATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
SUPRANATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
• What is a Supranational Organization?
• Is it able to leap tall buildings in a single
bound?
• Is it faster than a speeding bullet?
• Are they good for the world of politics?
SUPRANATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
• What is a Supranational Organization?
• It is an organization or
authority that transcends
national borders.
SUPRANATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
• What is a Supranational Organization?
•
a type of multi-national organization
where negotiated power is delegated to
an authority by governments of
member states.
• An agreement between sovereign states
based on international treaties
SUPRANATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
• Can you think of any
examples of Supranational
Organizations?
THE UNITED NATIONS
• What is it? A supranational organization
• An international organization founded in
1945 after the Second World War by 51
countries committed to maintaining
international peace and security, developing
friendly relations among nations and
promoting social progress, better living
standards and human rights.
THE UNITED NATIONS
•
•
•
•
4 main purposes
To keep peace throughout the world;
To develop friendly relations among nations;
To help nations work together to improve the lives
of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and
illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each
other’s rights and freedoms;
• To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of
nations to achieve these goals.
THE UNITED NATIONS
• Member States?
• Membership is open to all peace-loving
States that accept the obligations contained
in the United Nations Charter and, in the
judgment of the Organization, are able to
carry out these obligations”.
• 193 member nations / states out of 196 in
world
El Diablo
http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=lOsABwCrn3E
THE UNITED NATIONS
• Governing Bodies? The GENERAL
SECRETARY is like the UN Head of State
– its Chief Administrative Officer as well as
a symbol of United Nations ideals and a
spokesman for the interests of the world's
peoples
• The 8th UN Sec Gen is Mr. Ban Ki-moon of
the Republic of Korea since 2007.
THE UNITED NATIONS
• Governing Bodies?
• The GENERAL ASSEMBLY is the main
deliberative organ of the UN and is
composed of representatives of all Member
States.
THE UNITED NATIONS
• Governing Bodies?
• The SECURITY COUNCIL - has primary
responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the
maintenance of international peace and security.
• 5 permanent members: USA, UK, France, Russia,
China – each has veto power over any decision of
the UN
• 10 non-permanent members
• http://www.un.org/en/sc/members/
OPEC
• What is it? Supranational Again
• An Intergovernmental organization and
economic cartel whose mission is to
coordinate the policies of the oil-producing
countries and to secure a steady income to
the member states and to collude in
influencing world oil prices through
economic means.
OPEC
• History – OPEC was created at the Baghdad
Conference in1960, by Iraq,
Kuwait, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.
• Current Members: Algeria, Angola,
Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Venezuela
OPEC
G8 – GROUP OF 8
G8 – GROUP OF 8
• What is it? Supranational Again
• Since 1975, the heads of state or
government of the major industrial
democracies have been meeting annually
(and informally) to deal with the major
economic and political issues facing their
domestic societies and the international
community as a whole.
G8 – GROUP OF 8
• Members: France, United States, United
Kingdom, Russia (as of 2006), Germany,
Japan, Italy and Canada. Yes Canada!
• It also includes the EU in its meetings
• G7 = G8-Russia
• G20 = expands meetings to top 20 countries
• “Sherpas” Attend the meetings!!!
WORLD BANK
WORLD BANK
• What is it? Supranational Again
• Not a bank in the ordinary sense - The WB
was established in 1944 and is a vital source
of financial and technical assistance to
developing countries around the world - a
unique partnership to reduce poverty and
support development.
WORLD BANK
• The World Bank Group has set
two goals for the world to achieve by 2030:
• End extreme poverty by decreasing the
percentage of people living on less than
$1.25 a day to no more than 3%
• Promote shared prosperity by fostering the
income growth of the bottom 40% for every
country
WORLD BANK
• Organization? The WB is like a
cooperative, made up of 188 member
countries. These member countries, or
shareholders, are represented by a Board of
Governors, who are the ultimate
policymakers at the World Bank. Generally,
the governors are member countries'
ministers of finance or ministers of
development.
WORLD BANK
• What does the WB do?
• Provides low-interest loans, interest-free
credits, and grants to developing countries.
• We offer support to developing countries
through policy advice, research and
analysis, and technical assistance.
WORLD BANK
• DO NOT FORGET THE POLICY OF
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT !
•
IMF – INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND
IMF – INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND
IMF – INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND
• What is the IMF?
• Started in 1944 – It is an organization of
188 countries, working to foster global
monetary cooperation, secure financial
stability, facilitate international trade,
promote high employment and sustainable
economic growth, and reduce poverty
around the world.
IMF – INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND
• What is the IMF? The IMF's fundamental
mission is to help ensure stability in the
international system.
• It does so in three ways: SURVEILLANCE keeping track of the global economy and the
economies of member countries; LENDING lending to countries with balance of payments
difficulties; and TECHNICAL ASSISTANE giving practical help to members.
WTO – WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATION
WTO – WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATION
• 1. What is it? The only global international
organization dealing with the rules of trade
between nations.
• The goal is to help producers of goods and
services, exporters, and importers conduct
their business.
Modern day PIRATES?
WTO – WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATION
• Members – as of June of 2014, there are
160 members – all but Iran are members out
of our core countries
WTO – WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATION
• 3. Organization? The WTO is run by its
member governments. All major decisions
are made by the membership as a whole,
either by ministers (who usually meet at
least once every two years) or by their
ambassadors or delegates (who meet
regularly in Geneva).
WTO – WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATION
• 4. The WTO can ...
• 1 ... cut living costs and raise living standards
2 ... settle disputes and reduce trade tensions
3 ... stimulate economic growth and employment
4 ... cut the cost of doing business internationally
5 ... encourage good governance
6 ... help countries develop
7 ... give the weak a stronger voice
8 ... support the environment and health
9 ... contribute to peace and stability
10 ... be effective without hitting the headlines
ECOWAS
• 1. WHAT? The Economic Community of
West African States
• regional group of fifteen countries, founded
in 1975 to promote economic integration in
"all fields of economic activity, particularly
industry, transport, telecommunications,
energy, agriculture, natural resources,
commerce, monetary and financial
questions, social and cultural matters ....."
ECOWAS
• 2. Members – 15 West African States
OAU
• 1. WHAT? The Organization of African
Unity as it was known in 1963 when created
by 32 member states – Disbanded in 2002
when it became known solely as African
Unity
OAU
• 2. Members? A union consisting of
54 African states except Morocco.
• 3. Goals?
• To achieve greater unity and solidarity between
the African countries and Africans.
• To defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and
independence of its States.
• To accelerate the political and social-economic
integration of the continent.
OAS
• 1 WHAT? The organization of American
States
• the world’s oldest regional organization,
dating back to 1889
OAS
• 2. What does it do?
• to achieve among its member states "an
order of peace and justice, to promote their
solidarity, to strengthen their collaboration,
and to defend their sovereignty, their
territorial integrity, and their
independence."
OAS
• 3. Members?
• 35 member countries from the Americas