Cheryl Causebrook
Commercial Manager
Epps construction
Local Projects
Some great buildings,
but .....
What is your image of the
Construction Industry?
Who do you think works in
the building industry?
The built environment lifecycle
Land
Development
Strategy
The built environment lifecycle
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
The built environment lifecycle
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
The built environment lifecycle
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
The built environment lifecycle
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
Construction
The built environment lifecycle
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
Construction
Maintain
The built environment lifecycle
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
Construction
Maintain
Alter and
extend
The built environment lifecycle
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
Construction
Maintain
Alter and
extend
Demolish
Land
Development
Strategy
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Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
Land is designated for development.
Regional & Local Authority Planners decide what is most suitable or required for growth forecasts
Local Authority involvement with Transport planners & Economic Development Manager
The work may be contracted out to consultants of various disciplines
They decide if an area is to be designated for infrastructure, residential, industrial, commercial or
leisure use.
The providers of the facilities will each have people who decide the details of what is needed. The
decision makers in each of the organisation of the providers of facilities, go by different names.
Categorisation of the Built environment
The main disciplines are “Civil” and “Building” working for the “Public” or “Private” sector.
Examples of each type of project are shown below.
Public sector
Private sector
Civil engineering
(Civil infrastructure)
Roads and bridges
Flood Defence
Railways
Ports
Airports
Drainage
Power Stations
Refineries
Building
(Social infrastructure)
Hospitals
Police / Fire Stations
Schools
Social Housing
Theatres
Leisure centres
Care homes
Offices
Shops
Factories / distribution centres
Social Housing
Housing
Gyms, Bowling ally, Pubs
Theatres and cinemas
Care homes
Telephone / Data centres
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
The initial stage of any development is to calculate if the project is financially viable. Cost Managers,
commercial surveyors or cost engineers will work out an approximate budget to be evaluated by the client’s
appraisal team. In the costing they will consider the price of land, any special engineering considerations,
make assumptions about the construction method and the revenue the project may generate. They may
approach specialists for advice in areas where the costs may radically alter the budget e.g. provision of water,
gas and electric to a site. Typically who calculates the cost of building is shown below.
Public sector
Private sector
Civil engineering
(Civil infrastructure)
Civil Engineers
Highways engineers
Civil engineers
Cost managers
Building
(Social infrastructure)
Cost managers
Quantity surveyors
Cost managers
Quantity surveyors
Commercial surveyors
Value managers
Land
Development
Strategy
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•
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
Construction
•
Before any building is constructed or altered it is
likely to require planning permission.
The amount of information required to support
the application will vary depending upon the
complexity of the scheme.
For the most complex up to 37 different reports
maybe required which are prepared by specialists.
List of potential reports can be seen opposite
Examples of who prepares them are:
– Planning consultant
– Acoustic consultant
– Environmental engineer
– Ecologist
– Landscape architect
– Highways engineer
– Land surveyor
– Drainage engineer
– Energy assessor
– Architect
– Structural engineer
– Mechanical and Electrical engineers
– Utilities engineers
Maintain
The Natural Environment
Flood Risk Assessments
Tree Surveys / Arboriculture
Assessments
Bat Surveys
Protected Species Surveys
(such as newts or badgers)
Ecology Assessment Reports
Landscape and Character Assessments
Environmental Statement
Flood Impact Assessment
•
Site Investigation
Contaminated Land Surveys
Archaeological Assessment
Historic Building Recording
Listed Building and Conservation Area
appraisal
Topographical Survey
Measured Building Surveys
Drainage and Sewage Assessment
Environment Agency Consultancy
•
Development Supporting Information
Planning Obligations
Sec 106 Agreements
Affordable Housing Statement
Air Quality Assessment
Sustainability Appraisal
Noise Impact Assessment
Computer Generated Images (3D)
Regeneration Assessment
Sunlight / Day lighting Assessment
Retail Assessment
Transport Assessment
Highways /Traffic Survey
Draft Travel Plan
•
Construction
SAP Calculations
Energy Statements
Air Tightness Testing
Sound Insulation Assessments
Pollution Statements
Waste Management Statements
Structural Survey
Utilities Statement
Lighting Scheme
Ventilation/Extraction Statement
Refuse disposal Report
Alter and extend
Demolish
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
• Once approval to build
has been gained the
project is designed in
more detail by the Client’s
designers.
• The design is usually
developed with sufficient
detail for it to be issued to
contractors to price.
• The contractors price the
tender documents so a
contract can be entered
into for the construction
of the project.
Design
& tender
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•
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
The designers will be from the same disciplines who
prepared the planning reports but the main designers are:
– Architect
– Structural Engineer
– Mechanical & Electrical Engineer
Those who issue the contract documents for pricing in the
tender are:
– Principal Quantity Surveyor, (PQS)
Coordination of the design is often managed by a:
– Project Manager
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
& tender
The degree to which the Client wants
the contractor to be involved varies.
At one end of the scale, a client will
provide a fully designed project for
the contractor to build in return for a
payment, at the other end of the
scale, the client will provide only a
brief and the contractor will design
build, finance and maintain the
project for a number of years in
return for regular payments.
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
“We need a bridge over the Thames at Dartford to carry
the traffic for the next 50 years” …….
“How much would you like to be paid to run it for the
next 25 years? ”
With complex projects specialists with construction specialism from other professions such as marketing, legal,
and Investment banking will be involved. They specialise in promoting the project, and their companies,
providing the funding to build the project and write the contracts
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
•
A contractors estimator works out the
cost of the project. They have
assistance from the design consultants
who prepare more detailed drawings
than were used for the original budget
so the quantities can be calculated.
•
The main contractor will provide the
managers to deliver the project and
the estimator will decide how may
people are required on the project &
for how long.
•
Much of the work will be let to subcontractors (or trade contractors) who
provide the their price for doing their
element of the work. Each of the subcontractors will have estimators.
•
The price for the project , including
profit and overheads is submitted to
the client who decides which
contractor to use.
Design
& tender
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
An estimator for the main contractor calculates how much the
project will cost to build by obtaining prices from the trade
contractor’s estimators
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
& tender
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
Projects are managed by a mix of
technical staff and managers
from the main contractor.
They are experienced staff from a
variety of backgrounds who
manage the coordination of the
subcontractors.
Site Managers, site engineers, and site
supervisors manage the work on site. Site
quantity surveyors measure the work and pay the
subcontractors. The site teams are supported by
visiting experts such us Safety advisors,
environmental advisors, construction planners.
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
& tender
There are site engineers setting
out the buildings.
Planners work out the process of
building and produce a
programme
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
& tender
• The people who carry
out the work on site
require a Construction
Skills Certification
Scheme Card (CSCS).
• Each trade has it’s
own card and by
looking at the card
scheme the variety of
trades can be seen.
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
All trades need to be safe on site
Demolish
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
& tender
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
Job descriptions for a selection of trades for which
there is a CSCS card
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Bricklayer
Carpenter / Joiner
Carpet layer
Ceiling Fixer
Ground worker /
Operative
Plant operator
Demolition operative
Dry Liner
Electrician
Fencer
Glazier
Heating and ventilation
engineer
Kitchen and bathroom
fitter
Landscaper
Painter and decorator
Plasterer
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Plumber
Refrigeration and
ventilation engineer
Road worker
Roofer
Scaffolder
Sheet metal worker
Steel erector
Steel fixer
Shopfitter
Steeple Jack
Stone mason
Thatcher
Insulation fitter
Tiler
Welder
Window fitter
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
& tender
Construction
• The core trades are supported by a
number of specialists. To work on
a construction site the related
trades also need a CSCS card.
• Job descriptions can be found on
Google
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
& tender
• Suppliers to the
construction industry range
from quarry workers to
builders merchants.
• Many people who work in
manufacturing provide
products for the
construction industry.
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
& tender
Construction
Maintain
Inspection and control
• To ensure buildings are constructed soundly
sites are visited by building control officers.
• Safety on site is checked by HSE inspectors
• Environmental issues are monitored by
Environmental health officers
• Companies use Quality Assurance assessors
to control quality
• Inspectors from the
Considerate Constructors Scheme
help to enhance the image of the industry
Alter and extend
Demolish
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Design
& tender
Once a project is completed it
will need to be maintained.
Maintenance can be planned
or responsive.
Maintenance is managed and
implemented by the same
trades who originally
constructed the buildings but
they have to work around the
occupiers when carrying out
their activities.
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Facilities managers,
estate managers or
property managers
manage the property
portfolio for
organisations who have
many properties.
Design
& tender
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
Infrastructure and buildings are
constantly being altered and
changed to meet the demands of
demographic changes, organisation
strategies, changes in legislation
e.g. DDA and the needs of
individuals.
A wide range of people are
involved in negotiating the
changes, e.g. property surveyors,
estate agents etc.
Some alterations and changes will
require planning permission and
the entire process described so far,
others will be less significant and
can be carried out by building
tradesmen.
Where service infrastructure has to
be altered or enhanced utility
engineers will be involved for
water, gas and electricity.
Design
& tender
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
Land
Development
Strategy
Development
appraisal
Permission to
build
As towns and cities grow,
buildings are demolished
to make way for new
buildings.
Demolition operatives
have to have a wide
range of understanding
of how structures have
been put together to
take them down safely.
Design
& tender
Construction
Maintain
Alter and extend
Demolish
Working for Contractors
• The CITB webpage provides lots of information on how
to join the industry and what is offered.
• An introduction to programs and routes to entry are
described on the CITB site
• Entry can occur at different levels. The levels are:
– Apprentices
– Foundation degree
– Graduates
• Existing staff have given their stories of how they started
and what they do now
• Hopefully this has helped to open your minds.....
The global construction market is forecast to grow by over 70% by 2025 –
that is ONLY 10 years away – and it takes 7 years for an Architect to qualify !
There is a need to recruit, retrain, retain and develop skilled hardworking
people to meet the increasing demand.
A recent CIOB report showed that Construction Managers over the age of 60
are the fastest growing age group in the industry and that the biggest
reduction in workers is in the under 30 age group.
On a recent site visit, the average age of the ground workers and bricklayers,
hunched over in the footings, was 58..... There doesn’t appear to be any
apprentices coming through; no youngsters want to come into the industry.
Constructing Excellence is working
towards creating awareness of
construction as a careers option.
At least 186 career options in the
Construction & Built Environment
industry.
•Maths
•IT
•Art
•Science
•Geography
•Languages
Quantity Surveyor, Engineer
BIM(!), CAD, designing
Architect, designers
Engineer, acoustics
Environmental, Planning
Working all over the world
There are still so few women in the
construction industry.
We cannot afford to ignore 50% of
the population due to their gender.
There is no reason that girls should
avoid this industry, there are
fantastic opportunities for their skill
sets.
Questions?
THANK YOU
Cheryl.causebrook@eppseco.com