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A wholesaler sells to retailers, and a
retailer sells to the final users. In addition
to using the general ledger, a business
keeps a subsidiary ledger of individual
customer accounts. Merchandising
businesses receive cash from cash sales,
payments on account, bankcard sales, and
occasionally from other types of
transactions
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Explain the difference between a service business and a
merchandising business.
Explain the difference between a retailer and a wholesaler.
Analyze transactions relating to the sale of merchandise.
Record sales and cash receipt transactions in a general journal.
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Section 14.1
Accounting for a
Merchandising Business
Key Terms
retailer
wholesaler
merchandise
inventory
sales
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The Operating Cycle of
Merchandising Business
Section 14.1
Accounting for a
Merchandising Business
Retailers
Most merchandising
businesses are both
Wholesalers
retailer
A business that sells to the
final user, the consumer.
wholesaler
A business that sells to the
retailers.
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The Operating Cycle of a
Merchandising Business
Section 14.1
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Accounting for a
Merchandising Business
See page 383
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Accounts Used by a
Merchandising Business
Section 14.1
Accounting for a
Merchandising Business
A merchandising
business buys
merchandise from
a wholesaler or
manufacturer.
A merchandising
business keeps an
inventory.
A merchandising
business sells goods
to its customers.
merchandise
Goods bought to resell to
customers.
inventory
The items of merchandise a
business has in stock.
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Accounts Used by a
Merchandising Business
Section 14.1
Accounting for a
Merchandising Business
Inventory is represented in the general ledger by the
asset account Merchandise Inventory.
Merchandise
Inventory
Account
The normal balance of this account is a debit.
Merchandise is bought and sold during the
operating cycle.
The purchase and sale of merchandise is recorded
in separate accounts.
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Accounts Used by a
Merchandising Business
Section 14.1
Accounting for a
Merchandising Business
The amount of the merchandise sold is recorded in
the sales account.
Increases to sales are recorded as debits.
Sales
Account
The normal balance of the sales account
is a credit.
Sales on account affect the Accounts Receivable
account and cash sales affect the Cash in Bank account.
sales
A revenue account to record the amount of the merchandise sold.
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International Sales
Section 14.1
Accounting for a
Merchandising Business
The United Nations Convention on Contracts for
the International Sales of Goods (CISG)
Created to provide guidelines and laws governing
the international sale of goods
Does not cover the sales of all goods
Governs most business-to-business transactions
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Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
Key Terms
sale on account
subsidiary ledger
charge customer
controlling account
credit card
sales return
sales slip
sales allowance
sales tax
credit memorandum
credit terms
contra account
accounts receivable
subsidiary ledger
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Sales on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
A sale on account is made
to a charge customer.
sale on account
The sale of merchandise that
will be paid for at a later date.
charge customer
A customer to whom a
sale on account is made.
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Sales on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
A store credit card facilitates
sales on account.
credit card
A card issued by a business
containing a customer’s name and
account number that facilitates the
sale on account.
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Sales on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
A charge sale involves:
sales slip
sales slip
A form that lists the details
of a sale.
sales tax
A tax levied by a city or
state on the retail sale of goods
and services.
sales tax
credit terms
credit terms
Terms that state the time
allowed for payment for a
sale on account.
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Sales on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
Date of the Sale
Items on a
sales slip
include:
Customer account
identification
Description, quantity, and
price of items sold
There are usually multiple copies of the sales slip with at least one for
the customer and one for accounting purposes.
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Sales on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
Sales Tax
A business periodically sends the
collection of sales tax to the state. Until
then, the amount owed is recorded in a
liability account called Sales Tax
Payable.
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Sales on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
The credit terms are listed
on the sales slip.
credit terms
Terms that state the time
allowed for payment for a sale
on account.
See page 388
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The Accounts Receivable
Subsidiary Ledger
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
What is the accounts receivable
subsidiary ledger?
accounts receivable subsidiary ledger
A separate ledger that contains accounts for each
charge customer; it is summarized in the Accounts
Receivable controlling account in the general ledger.
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The Accounts Receivable
Subsidiary Ledger
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
See page 389
controlling account
An account that serves as a control on the accuracy of
the account balances in the subsidiary ledger; its
balance must equal the total of all account balances in
the subsidiary ledger.
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The Accounts Receivable
Subsidiary Ledger
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
Subsidiary Ledger Account Form
See page 389
subsidiary ledger
A ledger with detailed data that
is summarized in a controlling
account in the general ledger.
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Recording Sales
on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
Recorded at the time
of sale
Recording a sale
on account
Revenue must be
realizable
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Recording Sales
on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
Business Transaction
On December 1 The Starting
Line sold merchandise on
account to Casey Klein for
$200 plus sales tax of $12,
Sales Slip 50.
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Recording Sales
on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
Business Transaction
On December 3 The Starting Line sold merchandise on account to South
Branch High School Athletics for $1,500, Sales Slip 51.
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Recording Sales
on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
A merchant performs a
sales return for customers
who are unhappy with their
purchases.
A sales allowance may be
issued by the merchant if
merchandise is damaged
prior to purchase.
sales return
Any merchandise returned
for credit or a cash refund.
sales allowance
A price reduction granted
for damaged goods kept
by the customer.
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Recording Sales
on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
Credit Memorandum
See page 392
credit memorandum
A form that lists the details of a sales return
or sales allowance.
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Recording Sales
on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
The Sales Returns and Allowances account is a contra account.
contra account
An account whose balance is a
decrease to its related account.
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Recording Sales
on Account
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
Sometimes a cash refund is given and the Cash in Bank
account is credited instead of Accounts Receivable.
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Posting to the Accounts
Receivable Subsidiary Ledger
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
Business Transaction
On December 4 The
Starting Line issued Credit
Memorandum 124 to
Gabriel Ramos for the
return of merchandise
purchased on account,
$150 plus $9 sales tax.
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See page 393
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Posting to the Accounts
Receivable Subsidiary Ledger
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
See page 394
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Posting to the Accounts
Receivable Subsidiary Ledger
Section 14.2
Analyzing Sales
Transactions
See page 394
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Section 14.3
Analyzing Cash
Receipt Transactions
Key Terms
cash receipt
cash sale
cash discount
sales discount
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Cash Transactions
Section 14.3
Analyzing Cash
Receipt Transactions
Cash Sales
Four Kinds of Cash Receipts
• Sales are recorded on two tapes
• The register tape lists the total cash sales
and tax collected
Charge
Customer
Payments
• Businesses record cash received on
account from charge customers on prenumbered receipts
Bankcard
Sales
• Can be processed manually or
electronically
• Debit and credit card sales are recorded like
cash sales
Other Cash
Receipts
• Cash may be received from
– Bank loans
– Sale of assets other than
merchandise
cash receipt
The cash received by a
business in a single
transaction.
cash sale
A transaction in which the
business received full
payment for the
merchandise sold at the
time of the sale.
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Cash Discounts
Section 14.3
Analyzing Cash
Receipt Transactions
A cash discount,
or sales
discount, is an
advantage to
both the buyer
and the seller.
The buyer receives
merchandise at a
reduced cost.
The seller receives
cash quickly.
cash discount or sales discount
The amount a customer can deduct from the total owed for purchased
merchandise if payment is made within a certain time; also called sales discount.
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Recording Cash Receipts
Section 14.3
Analyzing Cash
Receipt Transactions
Charge Customer Payments
Recording
Cash from Four
Sources
Cash Discount Payments
Cash Sales
Bankcard Sales
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Recording Cash Receipts
Section 14.3
Analyzing Cash
Receipt Transactions
Charge Customer Payments
Business Transaction
On December 5 The Starting
Line received $212 from Casey
Klein to apply to her account,
Receipt 301.
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Recording Cash Receipts
Section 14.3
Analyzing Cash
Receipt Transactions
Cash Discount Payments
Business Transaction
On December 12 The Starting
Line received $1,470 from
South Branch High School
Athletics in payment of Sales
Slip 51 for $1,500 less the
discount of $30, Receipt 302.
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Recording Cash Receipts
Section 14.3
Analyzing Cash
Receipt Transactions
Cash Sales
Business Transaction
On December 15 The Starting
Line had cash sales of $3,000
and collected $180 in sales
taxes, Tape 55.
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Recording Cash Receipts
Section 14.3
Analyzing Cash
Receipt Transactions
Bankcard Sales
Business Transaction
The Starting Line had
bankcard sales of $700
and collected $42 in
related sales taxes on
December 15, Tape 55.
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Recording Cash Receipts
Section 14.3
Analyzing Cash
Receipt Transactions
Other Cash Receipts
Business Transaction
On December 16, The Starting Line received $30 from Mandy Harris, an
office employee. She purchased a calculator that the business was no
longer using, Receipt 303.
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Question 1
List the operating cycle for a merchandising business.
Step 1:
Purchase goods for resale
Step 2a: Sell goods for cash (skip to step 4).
Step 2b: Sell goods on account.
Step 3:
Collect cash from accounts.
Step 4:
Pay expenses.
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Question 1
A customer bought merchandise on February 1 totaling $1,800.00. As an
incentive to get this customer to pay early, you offer terms of 1/20, n/30.
The customer pays on February 15. Calculate the following:
$1,800.00
Total sale amount
__________
$18.00
Amount of discount __________
$1,782.00
Net cash received
__________
Now indicate whether you would debit or credit the following accounts.
Credit
Accounts Receivable
__________
Credit
Customer’s subsidiary account __________
Debit
Sales Discounts
__________
Debit
Cash in Bank
__________
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