Alan Brinkley,
The Unfinished Nation 6/e
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

America Before Columbus
– The Peoples of the Precontact
Americas
 The “Clovis” People
 Archaeologists and Population Diversity
 The “Archaic” Period
2
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Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures
Insert Map
M1.1
North American Migrations
3
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Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures
Insert map
M1.2
How the Early North Americans Lived
4
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

America Before Columbus
– The Growth of Civilizations: The South
 The Incan Empire
 Mexica
The Mayan Pyramid
of Kukulkan
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
5
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

America Before Columbus
– The Civilizations of
the North
 Hunting and Gathering
 Cahokia
 Gender Relations
Iroquois Women
(Library of Congress)
6
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

Europe Looks Westward
– Commerce and Nationalism
 European Population Growth
 Portuguese Exploration
7
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures
Marco Polo leaves
for the Far East
(Bibliothèque
Nationale de France)
8
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

Europe Looks Westward
– Christopher Columbus
 Columbus’s First Voyage
 Circumnavigation of the
Globe
Christopher Columbus
(Library of Congress)
9
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures
European Exploration and Conquest, 1492-1583
10
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

Europe Looks Westward
– The Spanish Empire
 “Conquistadores”
–
–
–
–
–
11
Cortés conquers the Aztecs
Brutality and greed
Spanish America
Ordinances of discovery
Catholic missions
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures
Spanish America
12
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

Europe Looks Westward
– Northern Outposts
 St. Augustine and
Santa Fe
– Pueblo
revolt of 1680
 Assimilation and
Accommodation
Pueblo Ruins in New Mexico
(CORBIS / Royalty-Free)
13
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures
Mexico, California, and
Florida, 1600
(Royalty-Free / CORBIS)
14
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures
De Soto in North America
(Rare Books Division,
Library of Congress)
15
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

Europe Looks Westward
– Biological and Cultural Exchanges
 Beneficial and Catastrophic Exchanges
 Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination
 New World Crops
– Complex racial hierarchy
– Intermarriage, mestizos
 Coercive Wage System
16
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

Europe Looks Westward
– Africa and America
 Trade States of West
Africa
– Ghana and Mali
 Matrilineal Societies
 African Slavery
 Sugar and the Slave
Trade
1633 Map of Atlantic
17
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

The Arrival of the English
– Incentives for Colonization
 Scarce Land
 Mercantilism
18
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

The Arrival of the English
– Incentives for
Colonization
 Religious Motives of
Colonization
 The English Reformation
 Puritan Separatists
 Lessons of Irish
Colonization
John Calvin
(Portrait Gallery)
19
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

The Arrival of the English
– The French and the Dutch in America
 Disproportionate French influence
 New Amsterdam
A French Map of
North America, 1656
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
20
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures

The Arrival of the English
– The First English
Settlements
 The Spanish Armada
 Gilbert and Raleigh
 Failed Colony of Roanoke
A Galleon in Flames
(The Palma Collection /
Getty Images)
21
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures
America in the World:
The Atlantic Context of Early
American History
1587 Map of the Americas
(Fototeca Storica Nazionale /
Getty Images )
22
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures
America in the World:
Mercantilism and Colonial Commerce
23
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter One:
The Collision of Cultures
Debating the Past:
The American Population Before
Columbus
The Mayan Pyramid
of Kukulkan
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
24
© 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.