Alan Brinkley,
American History 14/e
Chapter 1:
The Collision of Cultures
Highlights
America before Columbus
 Europe Looks Westward
 The Arrival of the English

2
© 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
America before Columbus

The Peoples of the Precontact Americas
– The “Clovis” People
– Archaeologists and Population Diversity
– The “Archaic” Period
3
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America before Columbus
North American Migrations
4
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America before Columbus
How the Early North Americans Lived
5
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America before Columbus

The Growth of Civilizations: The South
 Incas
 Mayas
 Mexica
The Mayan pyramid
of Kukulkan
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
6
© 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
America before Columbus

The Civilizations of the North
– Complex and Varied
Civilizations
 Hunting, gathering, fishing
 Cahokia
– Mobile Societies

Tribal Cultures
– Agricultural Revolution
 Gender roles
Iroquois women
(Library of Congress)
7
© 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Europe Looks Westward

Commerce and Nationalism
– A Reawakening of Commerce
– Centralized Nation-States
– Prince Henry the Navigator
8
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Europe Looks Westward
Marco Polo leaves
for the Far East
(Bibliothèque Nationale
de France)
9
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Europe Looks Westward

Christopher Columbus
– Columbus’s First Voyage
– Religious Motives for
Exploration
– Ferdinand Magellan
Christopher Columbus
(Library of Congress)
10
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Europe Looks Westward
European Exploration and Conquest, 1492-1583
11
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Europe Looks Westward

The Conquistadores
– Cortés Conquers the Aztecs
– Brutality and Greed

Spanish America
– Ordinances of Discovery
– Catholic Missions
12
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Europe Looks Westward
Spanish America
13
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Europe Looks Westward

Northern Outposts
– St. Augustine (1565)
– Santa Fe (1609)
– Pueblo Revolt of 1680
– Assimilation and
accommodation
Pueblo Ruins in New Mexico
(CORBIS/Royalty-Free)
14
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Europe Looks Westward
Mexico, California, and
Florida, 1600
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
15
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Europe Looks Westward
De Soto in North America
(Rare Books Division,
Library of Congress)
16
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Europe Looks Westward

The Empire at High Tide
– Spain’s Vast Empire
– Rigid Royal Control
– A Collision of Cultures
17
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Europe Looks Westward

Biological and Cultural Exchanges
– Increasing Levels of Exchange
– Demographic Catastrophe
– Deliberate Subjugation and Extermination
– New Crops and Agricultural Techniques
– A Complex Racial Hierarchy
– Varied Labor Systems
18
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Europe Looks Westward

Africa and America
– Ghana and Mali
– Benin, Congo and
Songhay
– Matrilineal Societies
– Growth of the African
Slave Trade
1633 map of Atlantic
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
19
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Europe Looks Westward
Europe and West Africa in the Fifteenth Century
20
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The Arrival of the English
– John Cabot

The Commercial Incentive
– The Enclosure Movement
– Chartered Companies
– Mercantilism
– Richard Hakluyt’s Argument for Colonies
21
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The Arrival of the English

The Religious Incentive
– Doctrine of
Predestination
– The English
Reformation
– Puritan Separatists
– Puritan Discontent
John Calvin
(Portrait Gallery)
22
© 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The Arrival of the English

The English in Ireland
– Subjugation of Ireland
– The Plantation Model

The French and the Dutch in America
– Coureurs de Bois
– Henry Hudson
– New Amsterdam
23
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The Arrival of the English

The First English Settlements
– The Spanish Armada
– Gilbert’s Expedition to Newfoundland

Roanoke
– The First Roanoke Colony
– New Colonial Charters
24
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