1.Lashley experienced an interesting
completion effect: The face of his friend
was replaced by the background
wallpaper pattern. This occurred during
a. a seizure.
b. a migraine attack.
c. a flash back.
d. blindsight.
e. recovery from a brain tumor.
2. Light enters the human eye through an
opening in the iris called the
a. cornea.
b. fovea.
c. pupil.
d. retina.
e. sclera.
3. Transduction refers to the
a. perception of lights.
b. disappearance of visual stimuli.
c. transmission of sensory signals
to the cortex.
d. transmission of visual signals
to the cortex.
e. translation of one form of
energy into another.
4. High-acuity vision is mediated by the
a. optic disk.
b. blind spot.
c. fovea.
d. choroid.
e. sclera.
5. Most of the cones are
concentrated in the
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
nasal part of the retina.
temporal part of the retina.
foveas.
periphery of the retinas.
left eye.
6. Humans without rods
experience
a.
b.
c.
d.
night blindness.
color blindness.
day blindness.
have a reel problem.
7. Color vision is mediated by
a. cones.
b. rods.
c. bipolar cells.
d. the optic disks.
e. duplexity.
8. In comparison to color vision, black and
white vision has more
a. rods.
b. convergence.
c. receptors in the periphery of the
retina.
d. sensitivity in dim illumination.
e. all of the above
9.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Why is the blind spot of the
retina blind?
It is on the border between the
area with rods and the area with
cones.
It is the point where the optic
nerve leaves the retina
and there are no rods or cones.
It is in the shadow of the
pupil.
Activity of the receptors is
silenced by excessive lateral
inhibition.
10. With respect to the visual
system, a high degree of
convergence is to a low degree
of neural convergence as
a. low acuity is to high
acuity.
b. high sensitivity is to low
sensitivity.
c. black/white is to color vision.
d. all of the above.
11. The fovea is the part of the
retina
a. with the greatest perception of
detail.
b. that surrounds the point of exit
of the optic nerve.
c. that falls in the shadow cast by
the pupil.
d. that has only rods, not cones.
• 12. In the most common form of color
vision deficiency people have difficulty
distinguishing
• A. between blue and yellow
• B. between green and blue
• C. between red and green
• D. Between black and white.
• 13. According to the trichromatic theory,
we perceive color by ratio of activity
between
• A. Three types of cones
• B. Three pairs of opposite colors
• C. Three types of rods
• D. Rods and cones
• 14. What gender is more likely to be
affected by color blindness?
• A. Men
• B. Women
• C. Both equally
• D. It differs from one culture to another.
15. The optic nerve, which
conveys visual information to
the brain, is composed of
axons from which kind of
cell?
a. rods and cones
b. bipolar cells
c. horizontal cells
d. ganglion cells
16.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Primary visual cortex is in the
parietal lobe.
temporal lobe.
occipital lobe.
frontal lobe.
prefrontal lobe.
17. Another name for primary visual
cortex is
a. lateral geniculate cortex.
b. retino cortex.
c. striate cortex.
d. foveal cortex.
e. optic cortex.
18. Hubel and Wiesel won their Nobel
prize for their work describing the
function of cells in the
a.
b.
c.
d.
Retina
Lateral geniculate of the thalamus
Temporal lobe
Primary visual cortex
19. Simple cells in the visual
cortex
a. respond maximally to bars of
light oriented in a
particular direction.
b. Are also found in the LGN
c. were first described by
Lashley.
d. all of the above.
20. According to Mishkin, "where" is to
"what" as
a. dorsal stream is to ventral stream.
b. agnosia is to blindsight.
c. ventral stream is to dorsal stream.
d.visual perception is to spatial
perception.
e.none of the above
21. A neurological patient who
often shaves only the left
side of his face and
sometimes does not put his
left arm into his sweater
likely suffers from
a. apraxia.
b. paresis.
c. split brain syndrome.
d. contralateral neglect.
22. Prosopagnosics
a. can usually recognize a face as a
face.
b.have difficulty telling one face from
another.
c. can describe the features of a face
but still not recognize the person.
d. all of the above
23. Neurons that respond specifically to
faces have been found in the macaque
a. striate cortex.
b. inferior striate cortex.
c. lateral geniculate nuclei.
d. superior colliculi.
e. inferotemporal cortex.
24. The biceps and triceps are
a.
b.
c.
d.
synergistic.
dynamic.
isometric.
antagonistic.
• 25. Movement of the limbs is brought
about by which kind of muscle?
• A. Smooth
• B. Striated
• C. Cardiac
• D. All of the above.
26. The muscle spindle
a. is a receptor located in a
set of fibers parallel to
the main muscle.
b. leads to relaxation of the
muscle.
c. Responds only to ballistic
movements.
d. Keeps the muscle from over
contracting.
27. Muscle spindles
a. are found embedded in muscle
tissue.
b. provide proprioceptive information.
c. have a feedback function.
d. respond to the muscle being stretched.
e. all of the above
28. Muscles are protected from
damage due to excessive
contraction by
a.
b.
c.
d.
gamma efferents.
spindle afferents.
extrafusal motor pools.
Golgi tendon organs.
29. Ballistic movements
a. proceed automatically once
triggered.
b. require feedback as they are
being executed.
c. are controlled largely by
the basal ganglia.
d. are highly developed in
soccer players.
30. Which kinds of movements are most
influenced by sensory feedback?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
innate movements
unpracticed movements
practiced movements
ballistic movements
reflexive movements
31. Premotor cortex is located in the
a. frontal lobe.
b. temporal lobe.
c. parietal lobe.
d. occipital lobe.
e. none of the above
32. The ventromedial motor
system
a. crosses in the pyramids of
the medulla.
b. controls precise, localized
movements.
c. Makes postural adjustments.
d. more than one of the above.
33. The dorsolateral motor system
a. originates in the motor strip
of the frontal lobe.
b. is responsible for control of
gross postural adjustments.
c. has many synapses between
cortex and spinal motor
neurons.
d. all of the above.
34. Which of the following is
an objective test of
apraxia?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Stroop test
dichotic listening test
Kimura box test
both a and b
both a and c
35. The damage to the
cerebellum would have the
greatest effect on which of
the following tasks?
a. walking
b. playing the piano
c. lifting a box
d. all would be equally
affected.
36. The cerebellum is thought to
a. correct ongoing movements
that deviate from their intended
course.
b. play a major role in motor
learning.
c. be involved in practiced
movements.
d. all of the above
37. The consequences of cerebellar
damage include
a. difficulty in maintaining steady
postures.
b. inability to precisely control the
direction and force of movements.
c. inability to adapt patterns of motor
output to changing conditions.
d. all of the above
38. In Parkinson's disease, one
pathway in the brain
degenerates:
the pathway
from the __________ to the
__________.
A) basal ganglia ... cerebellum
B) substantia nigra ... caudate
nucleus and putamen
C) cerebellum ... spinal cord
D) cerebral cortex ... spinal
cord
39. The basal ganglia are
particularly important for
A) eye movements.
B) finger movements.
C) Initiating movement.
D) rapid alternating movements
• 40. What is one of the main symptoms of
Parkinson’s disease?
• A. Rapid fatigue of the muscles
• B. Loss of coordinated eye movements
• C. Difficulty initiating movements
• D. Inability to coordinate speech with arm
movements.