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Europeans
come to
the New
World
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To better understand the
reasons for European
exploration, think back to sixth
grade social studies when you
learned about
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cultural connection people
have with one another
pride and devotion
to your country
5
Remember that extreme
nationalism can lead to
And all of this can effect the
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A spirit of
was
brewing throughout Europe in
the 1400’s, 1500’s, 1600’s,….
and continues today.
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One way they could show
their strength was to
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The “Big Three” countries in
Europe who were competing
for land were
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All three countries explored
for the same reasons--“The Three G’s”
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At this time, explorers
were searching for
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And once they began to
explore the New World,
they thought they would
find lots of gold.
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Nationalism and desire for
gold caused the people to want
for their homeland.
13
The third reason
they explored was
to spread their
religion.
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So remember...“The Three G’s”
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From 1492-1519, Spain
focuses on establishing
colonies in the Indies.
Spaniards on expeditions heard
there were great civilizations in
the interior, which included
great wealth.
Explorers looking for wealth
were known as conquistadors.
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Europe Eyes the Americas
Christopher Columbus lived during a time
when Spain was at war and many people
were in poverty.
Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand paid
for Columbus to go on an expedition to
find a new passage to China.
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•Expedition: a journey undertaken by a group of
people
with a definite purpose
Christopher
Columbus
King Ferdinand of Spain
and Queen Isabella
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“In 1492 COLUMBUS Sailed
the Ocean Blue”
Columbus quickly learned the earth was
round. He thought he could sail to Asia
westward faster and easier than traveling
eastward.
He could then establish profitable routes to
Asia. (He could trade along the way.)
Queen Isabella thought this would be a
great idea because it would establish trade
with Asia ($) and would help spread the
21 Catholic faith.
•Columbus sighted land and thought
it was the Indies.
•He got off the boat and named (and
called) the friendly people indios.
•He wasn’t in the Indies…He was in
the Bahamas!
•He continued to sail on to find the riches he
had promised the Spanish monarch.
(He was also going to get to keep a
portion of these riches for himself.)
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 On his voyages,
Columbus established
the first permanent
colony on Hispaniola
(named Santo
Domingo).
 Columbus did not find
gold or the new
passage to China, but
his voyages did inspire
others to seek their
fortunes in America.
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Columbus…not such a nice guy
Queen Isabella and King
Ferdinand got word that
Columbus and others had
enslaved, tortured, and killed
thousands of native Taino people
in the Caribbean.
This angered the monarchs and
made them withdraw their
support for further explorations
by Columbus.
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Did Columbus really discover
America?
According to the Europeans, the
answer is YES.
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Weren’t the Indians already
occupying parts of America,
including our focus….TEXAS?
COLUMBUS’S FOUR VOYAGES
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Columbus Finds Land
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Hernan Cortes
Cortes was a Spanish conquistador.
Conquistadores were soldiers and
adventurers searching The 3 G’s
Cortes left Cuba in 1519, with the
goal of conquering the Aztec
Empire.
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The Aztecs
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The Aztecs were the
most powerful Indian
culture in all of Central
America.
They were fierce
warriors who
worshipped the sun
and performed human
sacrifices.
Montezuma II
Montezuma was the
leader of the Aztecs.
He ruled an empire
that covered over
200,000 square
miles.
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Cortes Conquers the Aztecs
 Cortes sailed from Spanish
Cuba to the eastern coast of
what is now Mexico.
 Cortes and his 200 men,
defeated an Aztec army of over
100,000.
 They captured the Aztec city of
Tenochtitlan, and built present
day Mexico City on top of it.
 This increased the wealth and
power of Spain, greatly
expanded its American empire
and led to the founding of New
Spain.
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IMPORTANT 1519 EVENT AND
THE CONSEQUENCES
Hernan Cortes, a Spanish explorer,
conquered the Aztec empire
Wealth and power of Spain increased
Expanded the size of the Spanish empire
Led to the founding of New Spain
Mexico became a base of Spanish
exploration
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1519
Cortés and his army sail to what is now Mexico.
Short-Term Effects
• conquered the Aztec Empire
• killed or enslaved many Aztec
• gained Spain the Aztec’s
wealth and land
• built Mexico City on top of the
ruins of Tenochtitlán, which
became the capital of New
Spain
• increased the empire and
wealth
of Spain
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Long-Term Effects
• increased Spain’s power
• established Mexico as a
base
from which Spain could
launch explorations
• expanded Spain’s American
empire, which covered much
of North and South America
by 1600
Following Columbus’s lead,
Spain established colonies
in the Caribbean and
Mexico. Reports of riches
drew the explorers north to
Texas where they
established a successful
mission.
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Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda
and Hernan Cortes
Pineda’s mission was to map the
coastline of the Gulf of Mexico and
establish a Spanish colony. He was
first to discover the Texas coastline.
•Cortez, who was sent to
find a city of gold, cut
Pineda’s journey short. He
saw Pineda as a threat to
his journey, so he arrested
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some of Pineda’s men!
IMPORTANCE OF PINEDA’S
VOYAGE TO TEXAS
First known European to see and map the
Texas coast
Established a settlement near present day
Mexican city Tampico
Never landed in Texas
Led to further Spanish exploration of
Texas
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1519
1519
Spanish explorer
Hernan Cortés
begins his
conquest
of the
Aztec
Empire.
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1519
Spanish explorer
Alonso Álvarez de
Pineda
explores the
Gulf of
Mexico and
maps
part of it.
1519
Spanish explorer
Ferdinand
Magellan
begins the
first
round-theworld
Voyage.
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EXPERIENCES OF Narvaez
Set out in 1527 for Spain
Explored Tampa, Florida
Left his crew when they did not return
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The Narvaez Expedition
In 1526 Panfilo de Narvaez was granted
the land of Florida by the king of Spain.
His expedition traveled up the western
coast of Florida. He then built rafts to
sail to Mexico.
A hurricane in 1528 drowned many of
the men at sea, including Narvaez.
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The Narvaez Expedition
•Out of the 400 men and 82 horses
that Narvaez started with on his
expedition, only 80 or so survived
the hurricane.
•They arrived at Galveston Bay.
•They were the first known
Europeans to set foot in the presentday Texas.
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THE ENDING OF THE
NARVAEZ EXPEDITION
Shipwrecked along the Texas Coast
Suffered from hunger and American
Indian attacks
Became stranded and ate horses to
survive
Captured and enslaved by the
Karankawa Indians or died
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What Happens
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400 men started out from Florida
to Mexico
They thought this would be a
short trip.
They had only enough food for
everyone to have ½ handful of
maize
There was a hurricane!
They never made it to Mexico,
instead they (80) ended up in
Texas (Galveston Bay).
They were cold, naked, starving, and
had no food, shelter, or clothing.
They met up with the Karankawa
Indians who gave them fish, roots,
and walnuts.
When they received no more food
from the Indians, they ate their
shipmates that had died.
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THE LONE SURVIVORS
Only 4 survived (out of 400)!
Cabeza de Vaca and
Estevanico
First Europeans to
explore the interior of
Texas
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EXPERIENCES OF
CABEZA DE VACA
Survivor of the failed Nararez expedition
Explored Tampa, Florida and Galveston,
Texas
Taken in by the Kawakawas Indians
Escaped and traveled among Indian villages
Worked as a healer, trader, and servant
gained Indians’ respect
First
European
to
Explore
the
Texas
interior
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Cabeza de Vaca
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He also wrote
about his life with
the Native
Americans in a
work of literature
called La
relacion.
This was the first
written work of
Texas literature.
Cabeza de Vaca
The survivors from the 1528 hurricane
beached at Galveston Bay and were
helped by Karankawas.
Six years later only four men were alive,
two of which were Cabeza de Vaca and
Estevanico..
He and his men became the first
Europeans to see the interior of Texas.
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EXPERIENCES OF Desoto
Set out in 1539 for Spain
Explored the Florida coast and South
Eastern US until 1542
Died of Fever
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Coronado’s expedition did not
find the Seven Cities of Cibola,
so Spain sent another
expedition in search of gold.
Hernando de Soto’s expedition
also did not find any gold, but
they explored east Texas. They
were also the first exploration
into the interior of North
•De Soto explored present-day Georgia, the
Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi,
and Arkansas.
•When he and his expedition reached the
Mississippi River, they were discouraged and
running out of supplies. They turned back
home.
•De Soto never made it back home. He died
of an illness. His successor, Luis de Moscoso
de Alvarado set out to find an overland route
55back to Mexico.
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THE CORONADO EXPEDITION
Set out in 1540 for Spain
Crossed the Texas Panhandle and the Llano
Estacado
Was looking for Cibola and Quivira – cities of
gold
Learned there was no gold; only Pueblo
villages
Saw American buffalo
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RESULTS OF THE CORONADO
AND DE SOTO EXPEDITIONS
Met the Texas Indians but did not find gold
Coronado – explored the American Southwest
and encountered Indians
DeSoto – explored the American Southwest;
encountered the Caddo Indians
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Expedition
Goals
Results
Fray Marcos
& Estevanico
(1539)
find seven lost
cities of gold
Estevanico—reached a Zuni
village and was killed; Fray
Marcos—saw village from afar
and reported it was filled with
gold and treasure
Coronado
(1540)
conquer Cibola;
gain its treasure
conquered Zuni village;
crossed Texas Panhandle in
search of Quivira; did not find
any gold or treasure
De Soto–
Moscoso
(1539)
conquer Cibola;
gain its treasure
explored what is now the southeastern United States and East
Texas; sailed to Mexico; did not
find any gold or treasure
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Coronado was commissioned to find the
legendary Seven Cities of Cibola. They
were believed to have GOLD.
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Coronado
and his men
became the
first
Europeans
to see West
Texas
Spanish Exploration and Colonization
Matrix
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Date Explorer/
Event
Purpose
Accomplishments
3 G’s
1519
Pineda
Map the coast
line of the
Gulf of Mexico
and establish
a Spanish
colony
Established a
settlement near
present day
Mexican city of
Tampico.
Glory
1519
Cortes
Explore the
continent and
report on the
rich and
powerful
civilization.
Brought gold and
silver to Spain from
Mexico as well as
defeating the
Aztecs.
Glory
and
Gold
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1528
Cabeza de
Vaca
1682
Spain
Missions were
establishes established to
Missions spread
Christianity.
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He was a
survivor of the
failed Navarez
expedition who
became an
explorer.
Became one of
the first
Europeans to
explore the
interior of Texas
and he brought
back stories of
the 7 cities of
Gold
Corpus Christi de
la Ysleta was the
first successful
Spanish mission
in Texas (near El
Paso).
Glory
and
Gold
God
1690
Spain
begins
building
missions
To colonize
Texas.
Establishment of
the first mission in
East Texas, Mission
San Francisco de
los Tejas.
1718
Spain
reclaims
East
Texas
Provide a mid
point for supply
caravans
traveling from
central Mexico
to East Texas.
Establishment of
God
Mission San Antonio and
de Valero and
Glory
presidio San
Antonio de Bexar
(this would become
the most important
Spanish colony in
Texas and later
become the city of
San Antonio.
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God
SPANISH EXPLORATION IN TEXAS
Effects on Spain
• established a claim to Texas
• gained knowledge about land and
people of Texas
• gained new plants and animals from
the Americas
• gained a buffer zone between
Spanish settlement and American
Indians/Europeans to the north
• lost equine military advantage
• conflict with Texas Indians
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Effects on American Indians
• gained new plants and animals
from Europe, such as horses
• rise of a Plains Indian horse
culture
• Plains Indians’ fighting and
hunting abilities increased by
horses
• many Texas Indian deaths from
European diseases
• conflict with the Spanish
SPANISH EXPLORERS: 1519–1598
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EFFECTS OF SPANISH
EXPLORATION
Established a claim to Texas
Gained knowledge about land and people
of Texas
Gained new plants and animals from the
Americas
Obtained a buffer zone between Spanish
settlement and American
Indians/Europeans to the north
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SPAIN PROFITS FROM ITS
TEXAS EXPLORATION
Established a claim to Texas
Gained knowledge about land and people
of Texas
The Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange – term describing the
transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between
the Americas and other continents since the time
of Columbus
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SPAIN PROFITS FROM ITS
TEXAS EXPLORATION
Obtained a buffer zone between Spanish
settlements and American Indians
Learned about the Plains Indian horse
culture
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THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
AND ITS EFFECT ON INDIANS
Positive – led to a transfer of plants,
animals between the Indians and Spanish
Negative – led to the spread of diseases
from Europe to the Americas
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71
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The La Salle Expedition
Set out in 1682 for France
Explored the Mississippi River and Gulf of
Mexico
La Salle get lost and ended up in Texas
Set up a settlement in Texas
Name the area around the Mississippi
River… Louisiana
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The French Explore Texas
The international competition for land
in the New World was intense.
In 1682 La Salle claimed the
Mississippi River and the surrounding
land (dependent on the river) for
France.
He called it La Louisiane (Louisiana).
They wanted to compete with Spain’s
quest for riches and control trade.
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Fort St. Louis
La Salle established the first French
colony in Texas on the Lavaca River.
The colony had trouble from the
beginning because they lost valuable
supplies at sea.
They were helped for a while by the
Indians, but fighting soon broke out.
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Why did the Natives turn against
LaSalle and his men?
The Native Americans
found the supplies that
washed up on shore after
La Belle sank.
The French took the
supplies back without
asking for them or
explaining what
happened.
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Fort St. Louis
La Salle tried to find a way back to the
Mississippi River, but was unsuccessful.
Many of his men died.
In 1687 La Salle tried to go home. He
took 17 of the 20 survivors with him.
•On the ship, the men
plotted against him and he
was killed.
•Spanish explorers found
the bodies of the remaining
French colonists who had
been killed by the Indians.
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FRENCH AND SPANISH
CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688
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Europe Eyes the Americas
Columbus came to the New World
looking for gold and a new trade
route to Asia. Although he found
neither, his four voyages inspired
others to seek their fortunes in the
Americas.
Spanish Explorers
Come to Texas
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The French Explore Texas
Spain’s claims on Texas lands
prompted France to establish a
colony of its own. Although La
Salle’s Texas colony did not
survive, France’s
presence renewed
Spain’s interest in
settling Texas.
Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established
colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports
of riches drew the explorers north to Texas
where they established a successful mission.
Consequences
for the Native
Americans
www.rangerdj.com/ clipart/indian/indian.jpg
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Native Americans lived in Texas long
before the Europeans explored there.
The arrival of the Spanish and French
explorers to Texas brought Native
Americans severe consequences.
Diseases such as smallpox killed
thousands of Native Americans.