Chapter Introduction
Section 1: The Technological
Revolution
Section 2: The Clinton Years
Section 3: A New Wave of
Immigration
Section 4: An Interdependent
World
Visual Summary
How Has Technology
Changed Society?
In the late twentieth century,
the development of new
technology, including personal
computers, mobile phones,
and the Internet, revolutionized
the way people lived.
• What other eras in American
history experienced rapid
technological change?
• Has the computer revolution
changed society for the
better? Why or why not?
The Technological
Revolution
How did the technological
revolution change
American society?
The Clinton Years
What were the successes
and shortcomings of the
Clinton Administration?
A New Wave of
Immigration
How did new immigration
laws change American
society?
An Interdependent
World
Why did the world become
more interdependent in the
1990s?
Big Ideas
Computers, Telecommunications, and the Internet
The introduction of the first electronic digital computer
in 1946 launched a technological revolution.
Content Vocabulary
• integrated circuit
• telecommute
• microprocessor
• blogs
Academic Vocabulary
• device
• refinement
• communications
People and Events to Identify
• ENIAC
• Silicon Valley
• Steve Jobs
• Bill Gates
Do you use the Internet on a daily basis?
A. Yes
B. No
A. A
B. B
0%
B
A
0%
The Computer Changes Society
A computer revolution changed the
workplace and the way people
communicate.
The Computer Changes Society (cont.)
• The world’s first electronic digital computer,
called ENIAC, went into operation in
February 1946.
• In early 1959 Robert Noyce designed the
first integrated circuit, which made circuits
much smaller and very easy to manufacture.
• The region located south of San Francisco is
known as Silicon Valley.
The Computer Changes Society (cont.)
• In 1968 Noyce and his colleague Gordon
Moore formed Intel, a company that
developed the microprocessor.
• In 1976 Stephen Wozniak and Steve Jobs
founded Apple Computer and completed the
Apple I.
• In 1981 International Business Machines (IBM)
introduced the “Personal Computer” (PC).
• Apple responded with the Macintosh in 1984.
The Computer Changes Society (cont.)
• Nineteen year-old Bill Gates co-founded
Microsoft to design PC software.
• In 1985 Microsoft introduced the “Windows”
operating system.
• By the late 1990s, workers used home
computers and electronic mail to
“telecommute.”
The Computer Changes Society (cont.)
• One major telecommunications technology that
became very popular was the cell phone.
• Wireless digital technology transformed
many consumer products, such as music
players and cameras.
The Rise of the Internet
Which of the following is the name for the
area where many companies made
products using integrated circuits?
A. Computer Valley
A
0%
0%
D
D. Circuit City
A
B
C0%
D
C
C. Chip Country
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. Silicon Valley
The Rise of the Internet
A computer resource that linked
government agencies developed into
the Internet.
The Rise of the Internet (cont.)
• The Internet originated as a resource that
linked government agencies.
• The Internet is the physical network of
computers connected together by phone
lines, cable lines, and wireless
communications.
The Rise of the Internet (cont.)
• By 2007 more than 1 billion people were
regularly using the Internet.
• In 1990 researchers at CERN developed a
new way to present information on
computers linked to the Internet.
• Known as the World Wide Web, this system
used hypertext and could be accessed with
software known as the web browser.
The Rise of the Internet (cont.)
• A few Internet companies have become
major success stories, such Amazon.com,
Google, and Yahoo.
• The World Wide Web has become a way to
build a sense of community for many people.
• For example, blogs allow people to share
photos, stories, and opinions about many
topics.
The first system that linked computers at
government agencies, defense contractors,
and several universities, enabling them to
communicate with one another, was
referred to as which acronym?
0%
0%
0%
D
D. INFONet
0%
A
B
C
D
C
C. MYNet
B
B. NSFNet
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
A. ARPANET
Big Ideas
Government and Society President Clinton pushed
through laws to help families and strengthen gun
control, but he also raised taxes and failed to reform
health care.
Content Vocabulary
• perjury
• ethnic cleansing
Academic Vocabulary
• modify
• unprecedented
• participant
People and Events to Identify
• AmeriCorps
• Contract with America
• Kenneth Starr
• Dayton Accords
Do you think that Clinton should have
been impeached?
A. Yes
B. No
A. A
B. B
0%
B
A
0%
Clinton’s Agenda
President Clinton took office in 1993
with plans for improving health care,
cutting the federal deficit, aiding
families, and increasing gun control.
Clinton’s Agenda (cont.)
• The new president put forth an ambitious
domestic program focusing on five major
areas: the economy, the family, education,
crime, and health care.
• Clinton believed that the key to economic
growth was to lower interest rates.
• One way to bring interest rates down was to
reduce the federal deficit.
Clinton’s Agenda (cont.)
• He proposed raising tax rates for middle and
upper-income Americans and placed new taxes
on gasoline, heating oil, and natural gas.
• Clinton created a task force to reform the
health care system, lead by his wife, Hillary
Rodham Clinton.
• The task force developed a plan to
guarantee health benefits for all Americans,
but it put much of the burden on paying for
the benefits on employers.
Clinton’s Agenda (cont.)
− The plan died without a vote.
• Clinton did manage to push several major
pieces of legislation through Congress.
• His first success was the Family Medical
Leave Act.
• He also persuaded Congress to create the
AmeriCorps program.
Clinton’s Agenda (cont.)
• Clinton had also promised to get tough on
crime during his campaign, and he strongly
endorsed new gun-control laws.
− The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention
Act was passed.
Clinton introduced another crime bill that proposed
which of the following?
A. Providing extra funds for states to build new prisons
0%
B
A
E. All of the above
0%
0%
C
D. Providing money for crime
prevention programs
0%
A
B
C
D
E
0%
E
C. Banning 19 kinds of assault
weapons
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
D
B. Placing 100,000 more police
officers on the streets
Republicans Gain Control of Congress
Republican victories in Congress led to
conflicts between the executive and
legislative branches of the federal
government.
Republicans Gain Control of Congress
(cont.)
• As the 1994 midterm elections neared,
congressional Republicans, led by Newt
Gingrich of Georgia, created the Contract
with America.
• Republicans won a stunning victory—for the
first time in 40 years, they had a majority in
both houses of Congress.
Republicans Gain Control of Congress
(cont.)
• In 1995 the Republicans clashed with the
president over the new federal budget.
• By standing firm against the Republican
budget proposals and allowing the
government to shut down, Clinton regained
much of the support he had lost in 1994.
Republicans Gain Control of Congress
(cont.)
• In the months before the 1996 election,
the president and the Republicans worked
together to pass the Health Insurance
Portability Act and the Welfare Reform Act.
• President Clinton won again in the 1996
election against Bob Dole and H. Ross Perot.
H. Ross Perot ran as the candidate of
which party in 1996?
A. Democratic
B. Republican
C. Reform
D. Independent
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Clinton’s Second Term
Clinton tried to focus the domestic
agenda on the needs of children,
but personal problems marred his
second term.
Clinton’s Second Term (cont.)
• In 1997 for the first time in 24 years, the
president was able to submit a balanced
budget to Congress.
• During his second term, Clinton’s domestic
agenda shifted toward helping the nation’s
children, as well as American students.
Clinton’s Second Term (cont.)
• Clinton became entangled in two serious
scandals that threatened to undermine his
presidency.
• Clinton was accused of arranging illegal
loans for Whitewater Development while he
was governor of Arkansas.
• A special three-judge panel appointed
Kenneth Star, a former federal judge, to
investigate.
Clinton’s Second Term (cont.)
• In 1998 a new scandal emerged involving a
personal relationship between the president
and a White House intern.
• On December 19, 1998, the House of
Representatives passed two articles of
impeachment—one for perjury and one for
obstruction of justice.
• Both votes were well short of the two-thirds
needed to remove the president from office,
but Clinton’s reputation had suffered.
Clinton helped children by instituting the
following changes EXCEPT
A. A $500 per child tax credit
0%
D
C
D. A Children’s Health
Insurance Program
A
C. Head Start
A. A
B. B
C.0% C0%
0%
D. D
B
B. The Adoption and Safe
Families Act
Clinton Foreign Policy
During Clinton’s second term, the
United States worked to end violence in
Haiti, southeastern Europe and the
Middle East.
Clinton Foreign Policy (cont.)
• Seeking to restore democracy in Haiti, the
Clinton administration convinced the United
Nations to impose a trade embargo on the
country.
• The embargo created a severe economic crisis
in the country.
• Determined to end the crisis, Clinton ordered
an invasion of Haiti, but former president
Jimmy Carter convinced Haiti’s rulers to
step aside.
Clinton Foreign Policy (cont.)
• In Bosnia, one of the former Yugoslav
republics, a vicious three-way civil war
erupted between:
– Orthodox Christian Serbs
– Catholic Croatians
– Bosnian Muslims
Clinton Foreign Policy (cont.)
• The Serbs began what they called ethnic
cleansing of the Muslims.
• NATO warplanes attacked the Serbs in
Bosnia, forcing them to negotiate.
• The participants signed a peace plan
known as the Dayton Accords.
• In 1996 60,000 NATO troops entered Bosnia
to enforce the plan.
Clinton Foreign Policy (cont.)
• In 1998 another war erupted between the
Serbs and the Albanians in the Serbian
province of Kosovo.
• In March 1999 NATO began bombing
Serbia; in response, Serbia pulled its troops
out of Kosovo.
Clinton Foreign Policy (cont.)
• Although Iraq had been defeated in the Persian
Gulf War, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein
remained determined to hang onto power.
• In 1996 Iraqi forces attacked the Kurds.
• The U.S. fired cruise missiles at Iraqi military
targets.
• Relations between Israel and the
Palestinians were even more volatile, and
remain so to this day.
Who was the leader of the Palestine
Liberation Organization?
A. Yasir Arafat
B. Yitzhak Rabin
C. Ehud Barak
D. Slobodan Milosevic
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Big Ideas
Trade, War, and Migration A new immigration law
allowed more people to immigrate to the United States.
Content Vocabulary
• migration chains
• refugees
• amnesty
Academic Vocabulary
• illegal
• allocate
• resident
People and Events to Identify
• Immigration Act of 1965
• Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
• Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant
Responsibility Act of 1996
Do you feel that the United States should
have stricter immigration laws?
A. Yes
B. No
A. A
B. B
0%
B
A
0%
Changes in Immigration Law
The Immigration Act of 1965 eliminated
preferences for certain European
immigrants; illegal immigration became
a problem.
Changes in Immigration Law (cont.)
• The Immigration Act of 1965 gave
preference to skilled persons and persons
with close relatives who are U.S. citizens.
• The preference given to the children,
spouses, and parents of U.S. citizens meant
that migration chains were established.
• The legislation introduced limits on
immigration from the Western
Hemisphere.
Estimated Unauthorized Resident Population, 2000
Changes in Immigration Law (cont.)
• Newcomers arrived in the United States as
refugees as well.
• The refugee policy was further broadened
under the Refugee Act of 1980.
Changes in Immigration Law (cont.)
• The growing problem of illegal immigration
also prompted changes in immigration law.
• During the Reagan administration, Congress
passed the Immigration Reform and Control
Act of 1986.
• The act established a process to grant amnesty
and legal papers to any documented alien who
could prove that he or she had entered the
country before January 1, 1982, and had
resided in the United States since then.
Changes in Immigration Law (cont.)
• Illegal immigration persisted, and the law
that resulted was the Illegal Immigration
Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act
of 1996.
• The USA Patriot Act of 2001 put immigration
under the control of the newly created
Department of Homeland Security.
Deaths of Persons Attempting
to Cross the Border Illegally
Which of the following acts requires families
sponsoring an immigrant to have an income above
the poverty level?
A. Immigration Act of 1965
B. Immigration Reform and
Control Act of 1986
C. Illegal Immigration Reform
and Immigrant Responsibility
Act of 1996
D. USA Patriot Act
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Recent Immigration
In the late twentieth century, immigrants
from Latin America and Asia
outnumbered European immigrants.
Recent Immigration (cont.)
• By 2001 the top five countries of origin for
legal immigrants to the United States were:
– Mexico
– India
– China
– The Philippines
– Vietnam
Recent Immigration (cont.)
• During the Cuban Revolution of 1959, more
than 800,000 Cubans arrived in the U.S.
• Some 600,000 immigrants came from
Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia because of
the Vietnam War.
Recent Immigration (cont.)
• The Reagan administration’s amnesty
program in 1986 had been designed to
eliminate the problem of undocumented
aliens, but over the next 20 years the
number of unauthorized immigrants tripled.
• In 2006 President George W. Bush made
immigration reform a top priority, but
members of Congress strongly disagreed
over how to solve the problem.
The largest number of unauthorized
immigrants come from the following
countries EXCEPT
A. Mexico
B. Puerto Rico
C. El Salvador
D. Guatemala
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Big Ideas
Economics and Society As the twentieth century
drew to a close, world trade and environmentalism
became increasingly more important during a period of
globalization.
Content Vocabulary
• globalism
• euro
• global warming
Academic Vocabulary
• cited
• awareness
People and Events to Identify
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
• European Union (EU)
• Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
• Kyoto Protocol
Do you feel that the United States
should embrace free trade or should
limit trade?
A. Free trade
B. Limit trade
A. A
B. B
0%
B
A
0%
The New Global Economy
Regional trade agreements, such as the
North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA), reflected the growing
interdependence of the global
economy.
The New Global Economy (cont.)
• The idea that the world is becoming
increasingly interconnected is sometimes
referred to as globalism, and the process is
called globalization.
• By the 1990s, the debate between
supporters of free trade and those who
wanted to limit trade had become an
important part of American politics.
• One way to increase international trade was
to create regional trade pacts.
The New Global Economy (cont.)
• In 1994 President Clinton convinced the
Senate to ratify the North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
• Regional trade blocs also formed in Europe
and Asia.
• In 1993 the European Union (EU) was
created.
• The EU created a common bank and
the euro.
World Trading Blocs, c. 2000
The New Global Economy (cont.)
• Another trade bloc that came together in the
early 1990s was the Asia Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC).
• In 1994, some 120 nations, including the
United States, formed the World Trade
Organization (WTO).
Rise of Global Trade and Global GDP
The New Global Economy (cont.)
• Despite the reservations of many people
about trading with China, Clinton urged
Congress to grant China permanent normal
trade relation status.
− The bill passed in late 2000.
Which of the following represented
the fastest-growing region in the
world and controlled 47% of global
trade in 2001?
A. North America
0%
D
D. Asia
A
0%
A
B
C0%
D
C
C. Pacific coast nations
A.
B.
0%
C.
D.
B
B. Europe
Global Environmentalism
As scientists learned that certain
chemicals could damage the Earth’s
ozone layer, they worked to ban their
use; concern about global warming
became a serious political issue.
Global Environmentalism (cont.)
• After the rise of globalism, environmentalists
began thinking of the environment as a
global system.
• In 1987 the United States and 22 other
nations agreed to phase out the production
of CFCs and other chemicals that might be
weakening the ozone layer.
Global Environmentalism (cont.)
• In the early 1990s another global
environmental issue developed when some
scientists found evidence of global
warming.
• The issue became very controversial
because the cost of controlling emissions
would affect the global economy.
Global Environmentalism (cont.)
• In 1997 38 nations and the EU signed the
Kyoto Protocol promising to reduce
emissions, but very few have actually
complied with its requirements.
• In 2001 President George W. Bush withdrew
the United States from the Kyoto Protocol,
citing flaws in the treaty.
When did public awareness of CFC production
increase dramatically?
A. When winters became warmer
B. When an ozone hole over
Antarctica was discovered
0%
0%
D
0%
A
B
C
D
C
0%
A
D. When acid rain became
a problem
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
C. When skin cancer numbers
increased
A Changing Society
The Technical Revolution
• The invention of the integrated circuit
and microprocessors enables small
personal computers built by Apple
and IBM.
• The telecommunications revolution leads
to the development of small portable cell
phones, and digital video and audio players.
• The rise of the Internet and World Wide Web provide
new ways for people to retrieve information, build
communities, and do business.
A Changing Society
A New Wave of Immigrants
• New immigration laws in 1965 and 1986 contribute to a
rise in Hispanic immigration and an increase in
immigrants from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
• The American population becomes increasingly
culturally diverse.
A Changing Society
The Rise of a Global Economy
• Free trade, in combination with the technological
revolution, creates a new global marketplace.
• Increasing awareness of the global economy also
sparks a new global environmentalist movement.
The Clinton Years
First Term Achievements and Failures
• Raised taxes to help cut the deficit
• Proposal for a national health care
program fails
• Signed the Family Medical Leave Act
into law
• Persuaded Congress to create AmeriCorps
• Signed the Brady Handgun Bill into law
• Worked with Republicans to push the Health Insurance
Portability Act and the Welfare Reform Act through
Congress
The Clinton Years
Second Term Achievements and Failures
• Submits a balanced budget to Congress
• Convinces Congress to pass a new tax
credit for children and a children’s health
insurance program
• Impeached on charges of perjury and
obstruction of justice but is acquitted by
the Senate
The Clinton Years
Foreign Policy Achievements
• Dispatched troops to Haiti to restore
democracy
• Dispatched troops to Bosnia and bombed
Serbia to end the civil war and ethnic
cleansing that followed the breakup
of Yugoslavia
• Mediated negotiations between Israel and the PLO
Chapter Transparencies Menu
Why It Matters
Cause-and-Effect Transparency
Unit Time Line Transparency
Select a transparency to view.
integrated circuit
a complete electronic circuit on a
silicon chip that is small and easy to
produce
microprocessor
a computer processor containing
memory and computing functions on
a single chip
telecommute
to work at home by means of an
electronic linkup with a central office
blog
online journal where an individual,
group, or corporation presents a
record of activities, thoughts, or
beliefs
device
a piece of equipment or a mechanism
designed to serve a special purpose
or perform a special function
refinement
the act or process of improving or
perfecting
communications
the various medias and processes by
which information is exchanged
between individuals
perjury
lying when one has sworn under oath
to tell the truth
ethnic cleansing
the expulsion, imprisonment, or killing
of ethnic minorities by a dominant
majority group
modify
to make changes or alter
unprecedented
without previous instance
participant
one who takes part or shares in
something
migration chain
the process by which immigrants who
have acquired U.S. citizenship can
send for relatives in their home
country to join them
refugee
someone leaving his or her country
due to a well founded fear of
persecution on account of race,
religion, nationality, membership in a
particular group, or political opinion
amnesty
the act of granting a pardon to a large
group of people
illegal
not according to or authorized by law
allocate
to set apart for something specific
resident
one who lives in a place for some
length of time
globalism
the idea that the world is becoming
increasingly interconnected
euro
the basic currency shared by the
countries of the European Union
since 1999
global warming
an increase in average world
temperatures over time
cite
to point out as an example in an
argument or debate
awareness
the state of having or showing
realization, perception, or knowledge
To use this Presentation Plus! product:
Click the Forward button to go to the next slide.
Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide.
Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu.
Click the Transparency button from the Chapter Menu, Chapter Introduction, or
Visual Summary slides to access the transparencies that are relevant to this
chapter. From within a section, click on this button to access the relevant Daily
Focus Skills Transparency.
Click the Return button in a feature to return to the main presentation.
Click the History Online button to access online textbook features.
Click the Reference Atlas button to access the Interactive Reference Atlas.
Click the Exit button or press the Escape key [Esc] to end the chapter slide show.
Click the Help button to access this screen.
Links to Presentation Plus! features such as Maps in Motion, Graphs in Motion,
Charts in Motion, Concepts in Motion, and figures from your textbook are located at
the bottom of relevant screens.
This slide is intentionally blank.