Civil War
What political party was
Abraham Lincoln?
•Republican
Who won the 1860
presidential election?
• Abraham Lincoln
Why did some Southern
states refuse to accept
Lincoln’s election as
president?
• They feared Lincoln would
try to abolish or at least
further limit slavery.
What action did some
Southern states take in
the winter of 1860-1861?
•Seceded from the
Union
What did it mean for a
state to secede from the
Union?
•Withdraw from
the Union
What new nation did the
Southern states establish
after they seceded from the
Union?
• Confederate States of
America – also called
• The Confederacy
Who was president of
the Confederacy?
•Jefferson Davis
Where did the Civil War
begin?
• Fort Sumter in
Charleston, South
Carolina
What were the dates
of the Civil War?
•1861 – 1865
What is a
civil war?
•A war between
people of the same
country
What have the
Virginia Standards of
Learning identified as
the seven causes of
the Civil War?
• 1) Sectional debate over
tariffs, the spread of slavery
into the territories, and the
nature of the Union (states’
rights)
• 2) Northern abolitionists vs.
Southern defenders of
slavery
• 3) Dred Scott Decision
• 4) Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• 5) Poor presidential
leadership
• 6) Failed compromises
• 7) Lincoln’s call for troops
Define
emancipation.
•Freeing the AfricanAmerican slaves
th
19
What early
century
debate reached a climax
during the Civil War?
• The power of the
federal government vs.
states’ rights
Identify Abraham Lincoln.
• President of the United
States during the Civil War
• Against secession
• Believed the Union should
be held together by force, if
necessary
Identify Jefferson Davis.
• President of the
Confederate States of
America
• United States senator
from Mississippi, when
Mississippi seceded
Identify Ulysses S.
Grant
• The greatest Union general
• Won victories over the
Confederate army after
several other Union
commanders had failed
• Accepted Lee’s surrender at
Appomattox
Identify Robert E.
Lee.
• Confederate general who
commanded the Army of Northern
Virginia
• Against secession
• Did not believe the Union should be
held together by force
• After the war, Lee encouraged
Southerners to accept defeat and
unite as Americans again
Identify Frederick
Douglass.
• A former enslaved AfricanAmerican
• Became an important
African-American abolitionist
• During the Civil War,
encouraged President
Lincoln to recruit former
enslaved African-Americans
to fight in the Union army.
According to the Standards of
Learning, what were the two
most important battles of the
Civil War?
•Antietam
•Gettysburg
In what state was
the Battle of
Antietam fought?
•Maryland
How did the Northern
press interpret the
military stalemate at
Antietam?
• As a major Union victory,
because Lee and his
Confederate army retreated
back into Virginia
Why was the Battle of
Antietam very important?
• North’s belief that Antietam
was a Northern victory
allowed President Lincoln to
issue the Emancipation
Proclamation
Why did the Battle of
Antietam mark a new
stage in the Civil War?
• After Antietam, President
Lincoln announced the
Emancipation
Proclamation
Who issued the
Emancipation
Proclamation?
•President Abraham
Lincoln
What did the
Emancipation
Proclamation do?
• Freed all slaves who lived
in states still in rebellion
on January 1, 1863
What was the North’s war
aim before the
Emancipation
Proclamation?
•Preservation of the
Union
What were the North’s war
aims after the
Emancipation
Proclamation?
• Preservation of the Union
• Abolition of AfricanAmerican slavery
What two European
countries considered
aiding the Confederacy?
• Great Britain
• France
What effect did the
Emancipation Proclamation
have on England and France?
• Discouraged them from siding
with the Confederacy
• The governments of England
and France did not want to
appear to support slavery.
What battle was the
military turning point of
the Civil War?
•Gettysburg
Where was the Battle of
Gettysburg?
•Pennsylvania
Which side won the
Battle of Gettysburg?
•The North
•The Union Army
What did Lincoln identify as
the North’s two war aims in
the Gettysburg Address?
• Preservation of the Union
• Abolition of Slavery
What did Lincoln believe
was the nature of the
Union?
• The United States was
one nation, instead of a
federation of independent
states.
What did the South
think was the nature of
the Union?
• The states had freely joined
the Union and could freely
leave or secede.
What vision did President
Lincoln describe for the
United States in the
Gettysburg Address?
• The United States was
dedicated to the idea that
“all men are created
equal.”
In the Gettysburg Address
what did Lincoln call a
“Second American
Revolution”?
•The Civil War
Who said the United States
was ruled by a government
“of the people, by the people,
and for the people”?
•Abraham Lincoln
In what speech did Lincoln
use the phrase “of the people,
by the people, and for the
people”?
•The Gettysburg
Address
According to what Lincoln
said in the Gettysburg
Address, what institution
must not exist in the United
States?
•African-American
Slavery
What happened at
Appomattox?
• Lee surrendered to
Grant.
• The Civil War ended.
Where did the Civil War
end?
• Appomattox
Courthouse in Virginia
How did the Civil War
impact AfricanAmericans?
• Emancipation Proclamation
allowed for the enlistment of
African-American soldiers in
the Union Army
• During the Civil War, many
enslaved African-Americans
gained freedom by running
behind Union lines
How did the Civil War
affect the common
soldier?
• Hand-to-hand combat
• Brutal warfare
• Lonely and boring camp life
How do historians know
about the life of the common
soldier during the Civil War?
• War time diaries
• Letters sent home by the
soldiers
What did Southern soldiers
often find when they returned
home after the Civil War?
• Their homes were
destroyed
• Their families were poor
How did the Civil War
physically affect many
soldiers on both sides?
• Returned home wounded or
crippled
• Lived with permanent
disabilities
During the Civil War, what
roles were women required to
assume on the home front?
•Nontraditional roles
Describe the role of many
women during the
Civil War.
• Managed homes and
families without much
money or food
• Faced poverty and hunger
What new roles did women
assume during the
Civil War?
• Ran farms
• Worked as nurses
• Worked in war industries