10.4
Study Guide Notes
Name_____________
Henry George ______________________________________________________________________
Lester Frank Ward __________________________________________________________________
Edward Bellamy_____________________________________________________________________
naturalism ________________________________________________________________________
Jane Addams ______________________________________________________________________
settlement house ___________________________________________________________________
Americanization ____________________________________________________________________
Changes in industrialization and urbanization led to debates among Americans over the issue of how
to handle society’s problems.
In 1879 journalist ______________________wrote a best-selling book called Progress and Poverty.
It raised questions about American society and challenged the ideas of Social Darwinism and laissezfaire economics.
In 1883 ______________________ Dynamic Sociology argued that humans were unlike animals
because they could think and plan ahead.
He concluded that it was cooperation and not competition that caused people to succeed.
He wanted government to become more involved in solving societal problems.
These ideas became known as ____________________________________________.
In 1888 ____________________________________Looking Backward 2000–1887 became a
bestseller and helped shape the thinking of American reformers in the late 1800s.
The book tells the story of a perfect society in the year 2000.
Realists argued that people could control their lives and make choices to improve their situation.
In a style of writing known as ______________________, writers criticized industrial society.
They suggested that some people failed in life due to circumstances they could not control.
Prominent ______________________writers included Stephan Crane, Frank Norris, Jack London,
and Theodore Dreiser.
All wrote stories of characters caught up in situations they could not control.
Reformers began to organize to help the poor.
Organizations such as the Social Gospel movement, Salvation Army, YMCA, women’s clubs,
settlement houses, and temperance movements formed to help the needy.
Minister _____________________________was an early supporter of the Social Gospel movement.
He wanted to apply “________________________________” to social problems.
From 1870 to 1920, members of the Social Gospel group worked to better conditions in cities
through charity and justice.
Baptist minister ____________________________________________later led the movement.
He believed that competition was the cause of many social problems.
This led to many churches taking on community functions to improve society by offering gyms,
social programs, and daycare.
In 1878 the ______________________________ offered aid and religious counseling to urban poor.
The _______________attempted to help industrial workers and urban poor through Bible studies,
prayer meetings, citizenship training, and group activities.
They had facilities that offered libraries, gyms, pools, and low-cost hotel rooms.
_____________________________ was an evangelical Christian and president of the Chicago YMCA.
He founded his own church, today known as Moody Memorial Church.
By 1867 Moody was so popular that he brought his revival meetings to other cities.
He was against ___________________________________and ______________________________.
He felt the way to help the poor was by redeeming their souls and not by providing them with
services.
The settlement house movement was promoted by reformers who felt it was their Christian duty to
improve the living conditions of the poor.
______________________set up __________________________________ in poor neighborhoods.
Addams opened _______________________________in 1889 and inspired many others, including
Lillian Wald’s Henry Street settlement house in New York City.
Medical care, recreation programs, and English classes were provided at settlement houses.
In the late 1880s, the increase of industry resulted in a need for better-trained workers.
As a result, there was a need for more school and colleges.
___________________________________, or becoming knowledgeable about American culture,
was key to the success of immigrant children.
Due to the lack of educational opportunities for African Americans, ___________________________
led the crusade to form the __________________________________________ in Alabama in 1881.
The grammar school system in the city divided students into eight separate grades to help teach
successful habits in the workplace.
The number of colleges greatly increased in the late 1800s.
This was partly a result of the Morrill Land Grant Act, which gave federal land grants to states for the
purposes of establishing ______________________and ______________________colleges.
College attendance increased.
The number of women’s colleges also increased.
Free libraries provided education to city dwellers.
______________________________ donated millions toward the construction of libraries.