A kidney cell is an example of which type of cell?
How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
Which of the following best describes the genetic material a person receives from
his or her father?
Which phrase best describes the process of meiosis?
At fertilization, what happens to the sex cells?
Which of the following statements is true of homologous chromosomes?
a. They are exact copies.
b. They contain the same genes.
c. They divide during meiosis II.
d. They connect to each other.
Which phrase best describes meiosis I?
a. duplication of paired chromosomes
b. fusion of sister chromatids
c. division of homologous chromosomes
d. creation of two diploid cells
What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis II?
Gametogenesis is the term for
a. the production of gametes.
b. the fertilization of eggs.
c. the development of polar bodies.
d. the movement of sperm.
What does an egg contribute to the embryo that a sperm does not contribute?
Hair color and eye color are examples of a person’s
a. recessive traits.
b. dominant alleles.
c. genotype.
d. phenotype.
When an organism has two alleles at a particular locus that are different, the
organism is called
a. purebred.
b. dominant.
c. heterozygous.
d. recessive.
Punnett Square
26. The main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that
they have different
a. sugars.
b. uracil.
c. bonds.
d. bases.
27. Figure 8.1 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides
of the other DNA strand.
FIG. 8.1
a.
b.
c.
d.
GGT
CCT
GGC
TTA
28. In humans, where does DNA replication take place?
a. cytoplasm
b. ribosome
c. nucleus
d. vacuole
29. Genetic engineering is possible because all organisms are based on the same
a. proteins.
b. DNA copies.
c. plasmid loops.
d. genetic code.
30. Scientists can study the effect of turning off a gene by using
a. cloned animals.
b. gene knockout organisms.
c. DNA microarrays.
d. DNA fingerprinting.
31. What is a clone?
a. a genetically identical copy of a gene or organism
b. a ring of bacterial DNA with foreign DNA inserted
c. a mouse that has had some of its genes "turned off"
d. a genetically engineered organism with new traits
32. Which of the following processes could a scientist use to make an amount of DNA
that is large enough to study?
a. polymerase chain reaction
b. genetic engineering
c. bioinformatics
d. gel electrophoresis
33. In the restriction map shown in Figure9.1, which line, or band, represents the
smallest DNA fragments?
FIG. 9.1
a. A
b.B
c. C
d.D
34. What goal of the Human Genome Project has been achieved?
a. learning how DNA sequences vary
b. sequencing all the base pairs of the human chromosomes
c. understanding the function of each human gene
d. discovering the proteins that play a part in cancer
35. Genetic screening can help determine a person’s risk of passing on a genetic
disorder through a combination of family history and
a. recombinant DNA.
b. gene knockouts.
c. DNA microarrays.
d. DNA testing
Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items 16–20. (5 credits)
FIG. 9.3
36. What is shown in Figure 9.3?
_______________________________________________________________
37. What is this type of DNA analysis used for?
_______________________________________________________________
38. What does each of the bands in the diagram represent?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
39. The analysis of DNA shown in Figure 9.3 comes from a mother, a father, and
their child. Could person 3 be the child? Explain.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
40. Describe one way this type of DNA analysis is used in organisms other than
humans.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Freshman Biology Midterm Study Guide
Chapter Test A, continued
Use the diagram below to answer items
21–25. (5 credits)
____________________________________________
42. What role do restriction enzymes play
in part 2 of the diagram?
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
43. What is the term for the structure in
part 3 of the diagram?
____________________________________________
44. Define the term transgenic. How is the
process shown in Figure 9.4 used to
produce transgenic plants?
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
FIG. 9.4
41. Identify the structure in part 1 of
Figure 9.4. Where is this structure
found?
45. Describe one way transgenic plants are
used.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Freshman Biology Midterm Study Guide
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits)
_____ 1. The beak types of different
Galápagos finch species are
examples of
a. analogous structures.
b. vestigial structures.
c. fossils.
d. adaptations.
_____ 2. All the bald eagles in an area is
an example of a(n)
a. population.
b. fossil.
c. species.
d. individual.
_____ 3. Charles Lyell developed a
theory that states that geologic
processes that shaped Earth in
the past have stayed the same
throughout time. This is the
theory of
a. uniformitarianism.
b. evolution.
c. catastrophism.
d. adaptation.
_____ 4. The false idea that a highjumper who trains to become a
champion will have
descendants who can jump
exceptionally high is known as
the
a. theory of uniformitarianism.
b. principle of gradualism.
c. process of artificial selection.
d. inheritance of acquired
characteristics.
______________________________________________________________
5.
The variations