Romanesque Architecture
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Romanesque Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp Topics Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy High Romanesque in France Regional Romanesque France Spain Italy Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy The first completely vaulted churches of the Romanesque were modest buildings Erected by ordinary patrons in the Pyrenees and the Western Alps Interior of the church enveloped an integrated stone frame (instead of the traditional perishable timber) Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Abbey Church of St. Martin du Canigou c. 1001 – 1026 Built on a steeply falling site in the French Pyrenees Two stories Both three-aisled and barrel vaulted Small, dark, and plain Illustrates considerable skill in handling a difficult site Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Abbey Church of Cluny c. 910 Originally a small, timber-roofed construction Called Cluny I Replaced in 955 – 981 Called Cluny II Almost completely barrel vaulted Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Abbey Church of Cluny Had a great deal of Norman and Germanic influence Complex planning Twin-towered west façade Interplay of eastern and western tower groups Pyramid buildup of levels at the east Early Romanesque features Vaulting Interior bareness Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Abbey Church of Cluny Rebuilt again in 1088 Known as Cluny III Featured more of a square schematic Was eventually torn down during the French Revolution Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Abbey Church of St. Philibert Located at Tournous, Burgundy, France Twin towered exterior Facade balanced by pyramidal buildup of the eastern group Body of the church had a normal basilican plan Radiating chapels allowed for the display of relics at different altars Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Early Vaulted Romanesque in Burgundy Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: High Romanesque in France Buildings embodied a full synthesis of northern and southern early Romanesque St Etienne in Nevers c. 1063 – 1097 Synthesizes the wall elevation of Mont-Saint Michel with the barrel vaulting of Tournus Stone chapels Whole is built up in a pyramidal movement to crossing tower Romanesque Architecture: High Romanesque in France Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: High Romanesque in France Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: High Romanesque in France Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: High Romanesque in France Cathedral of Autun c. 1120 – 1130 Detailed classicism Wall layered and seems sculpted from a homogenous mass of stone into deep layers of classicizing forms Delicately pointed curvature of nave vault and pointed arches of nave arcade relieved weightliness Gothic style Pointed shape Romanesque Architecture: High Romanesque in France Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: High Romanesque in France Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: High Romanesque in France Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: High Romanesque in France Ste-Madeline at Vezelay A pilgrimage church Known for sculpture and interior Classical detailing Simplification of nave elevation Red and white banded arches Islamic element Covered by a series of large cross vaults Romanesque Architecture: High Romanesque in France Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: High Romanesque in France Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: High Romanesque in France Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Regional Romanesque Western France Abbey Church at St. Savin sur Gartempe Early twelfth century Groin vaulted aisles rise almost to the height of barrelvaulted nave Fresco cycle on the ceiling Descended from St. Philibert at Tournus Romanesque Architecture: Regional Romanesque Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Regional Romanesque Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Regional Romanesque Western France St. Front Located in Perigueux, France Based on Byzantine churches but may have evolved from earlier single-aisled rectangular styles Byzantine features Dome on pendentives in each of five units Appearance is not Byzantine No decorations Romanesque Architecture: Regional Romanesque Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Regional Romanesque Italy Venice and Rome were among the most conservative architectural centers of Europe 12th century was the most active building period Due to a series of ambitious popes Built churches in early Christian style Romanesque Architecture: Regional Romanesque Photo: Sullivan Romanesque Architecture: Regional Romanesque Photo: Sullivan References Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture Romanesque Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp
