Quotation
1. Separate QUOTATION
2. Integrated QUOTATION
3. Using ellipsis
Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Purposes
Separated, but not indented.
Separated, and indented.
Integrated.
More Examples: Separated vs.
Integrated.
6. Ellipses
 References
Quotation
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1. Purposes
Purposes: avoid plagiarism, increase credibility
by giving evidence or support, for close
analysis.
 Kinds: paraphrase and direct quote (further
divided into: separated and integrated)
 Things to Consider:
 Whether the quotes are supportive or
distractive. (Don’t let the quotes to speak
for you.)
 Punctuation & format;
 Smoothing the syntax with transitions, etc.
 USING ELLIPSES and other alterations of
sources.

Quotation
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2. Separated Quotation
 St. Paul declared, "It is better to marry
than to burn."
 In his first epistle to the Corinthians, St.
Paul commented on lust: "It is better to
marry than to burn.“ (a separate unit of
the sentence.)
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2. Separated (2)
 Student Sample 2:
 When Jimmy was a child, he knew that he had the talent of
painting. Yet, it was until Jimmy was junior grade in his senior
high school he knew that he could go to the art school. “In my
first grade in junior high school, I was the champion in
painting competition; in my second grade, I was the second;
in my third grade, I was the third,” says Jimmy with smiling.
However, because people think that it’s useless to paint, and
he also thinks that it’s not a big deal for knowing how to paint,
Jimmy never thought that he would be an artist in the future.
“Thus, it was until my junior year in senior high that I knew I
could go to the art department,” continues Jimmy.
 (used well in cases of interview and speeches;
tense, transitions, topicQuotation
sentence)
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2. Separated -- Improvement
 Student Sample 2: (tense, transitions,
topic sentence)
 Jimmy started his artist career very late in his life.
He knew that he had the talent for painting since
childhood. “In my first grade in junior high school I
was the champion in a painting contest; in my
second grade, I was the second; in my third grade,
I was the third,” recalled Jimmy with both a sense
of fun and pride. However, Jimmy never thought
then that he would be an artist in the future, since
nobody, including himself, saw painting as useful.
In his last year in high school, surprisingly, he
decided he would go to an art department.
Quotation
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2. Separated Quotation (3)
 Student Sample 3:
 Yet, because Jimmy didn’t have confident about his
painting when he entered college and because he
thought that being an artist might be hungry to death,
he turned into design group. “Unlike other
classmates,” acknowledges Jimmy, “I didn’t have a lot
of passion towards painting.” After graduated, Jimmy
entered into advertisement area. Several years
passed by, Jimmy began to have the desire of
painting. Thus, Jimmy says, “ I started to paint no
matter I am eating or working.” Then, One of his coworkers brought his paintings to Crown Publisher.
Jimmy started to paint for newspapers and some
famous writers. However, because the salary wasn’t
high, he quitted.
Quotation
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2. Separated Quotation (3) -improvement
 Student Sample 3:
 However, without confidence and with all the
knowledge that arts mean hunger, Jimmy chose the
Graphic Design section of his department. “Unlike
some of my classmates,” acknowledged Jimmy, “I
didn’t have a lot of passion towards painting.” After
graduation, Jimmy entered into advertisement and
settled down as a graphic designer. After several
years, Jimmy began to have the desire for painting,
which got to be so strong that he painted while he
was “eating or working.” Then, one of his co-workers
brought his paintings to Crown Publisher. Jimmy
started to do illustration for some newspapers and
some famous writers. However, because the salary
wasn’t high, he quit
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3. separated and indented
Perhaps it is the unavoidable fate for Lennie that he
killed Curley’s wife when he tried to keep her quiet.
(gap) For Lennie, there is no difference between the
puppy and Curley’s wife, a human being:
Lennie went back and looked at the dead girl.
The puppy lay close to her. Lennie picked it up.
“I’ll throw him away,” he said. “It’s bad enough
like it is.”(100)
Therefore, “the novel communicated most intensely of
unconventional morality.”(Levant 138) For readers,
Lennie is guiltless though he killed Curley’s wife.
(The quote remains unexplained.) (see correction)
Quotation
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3. separated and indented: Correction
Perhaps it is inevitable for Lennie to kill Curley’s
wife when he tried to keep her quiet. For Lennie,
there is no difference between a puppy and
Curley’s wife, a human being. After he killed both
of them, he picked up the puppy because “It’s bad
enough like it is.”(100). In showing Lennie to be
still sympathetic, the novel communicates most
intensely a kind of “unconventional
morality”(Levant 138), and exempt Lennie from
any sense of guilt.
Quotation
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3. Separated and Indented

As for the novels, Atwood's debut The Edible Woman
locates her vital position in Canadian literature.
[transition] For Atwood, "literature is a means to cultural
and personal self-awareness. … In her opinion, Canada's
central reality is the act of survival: Canadian life and
culture are decisively shaped by the demands of a harsh
environment. Closely related, in Atwood's view, to this
defining act of survival is the Canadian search for territorial
identity"([who said it?] 21). Thus in Atwood's novels, the
characters, especially the female protagonists, are the
representation of seeking for survival and quest for selfidentity.
(The quote 1) should be more than four lines and thus put
in a separate paragraph with indentation; 2) is too long.)
Quotation
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4. Separated and Indented –
Correction
 As for the novels, Atwood's debut The Edible
Woman locates her vital position in Canadian
literature. [transition] For Atwood,
“[. . .] Literature is a means to cultural and
personal self-awareness. […] Canada's central
reality is the act of survival: Canadian life and
culture are decisively shaped by the demands of
a harsh environment. Closely related, in
Atwood's view, to this defining act of survival is
the Canadian search for territorial
identity.“ ([who said it?] 21)
Thus in Atwood's novels, the characters, especially
the female protagonists, are the representation of
seeking for survival and quest for self-identity.
(The quote still is too long, and the paragraph not coherent.)
Quotation
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3. Separated -Correction
 (getting a topic sentence; reducing irrelevant
parts)
In Atwood's novels, the characters, especially the
female protagonists, seek for survival and self-identity.
For Atwood, "Canada's central reality is the act of
survival: Canadian life and culture are decisively
shaped by the demands of a harsh environment.
Closely related, in Atwood's view, to this defining act of
survival is the Canadian search for territorial
identity"(Name 21). For instance, Atwood's debut, The
Edible Woman, deal with a woman’s attempt to
survive in a city where humans are ‘eating’ up one
another. (More on this novel, or the other novels by
Atwood. )
Quotation
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4. Integrated Quotations
 Separated:
 As ~ points out, “For Mrs. Warren to be a prostitute
and want her daughter to be respectable would be
hypocritical only if her original motive for entering the
‘profession’ had been an innate love for it, rather than
a realization that solid material foundations are the
precondition for any hope of a better life” ﹙74﹚.
 Integrated: (syntax smoothed)
 Mrs. Warren is not hypocritical in wanting her
daughter to be ‘respectable,’ since her motivation for
going into the business of prostitution is not, as ~ put
it, “an innate love for it” but “a realization that solid
material foundations are the precondition for any
hope of a better life” ﹙74﹚.
Quotation
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4.
Integrated
 As a professor of history, Tony tells her
students, “history is a construct,…any point of
entry is possible and all the choices are
arbitrary”(4).
Correction: As a professor of history, Tony
tells her students that “history is a construct,
[. . .] ,any point of entry is possible and all the
choices are arbitrary”(4).
Quotation
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4. integrated
…it points out in Critical that “it was inevitable that
Humanist interest in the Latin and Greek classics should
also produce a new kind of English tragedy”(221).
Corrections:
 Critical Reader points out that “it was inevitable that
Humanist interest in the Latin and Greek classics should
also produce a new kind of English tragedy”(221).
Emphasis placed on a certain idea:
Critical Reader points out that with contemporary
humanist interest in the Latin and Greek classics,
producing a new kind of English tragedy was
“inevitable”(221).
Quotation
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5. Separated vs. Integrated
Quotation (1)
 Student sample 1:
 She says, “I took all my notebooks, all
my manuscripts and ate them page by
page, so I could take my words with
me.” It’s like she stresses on receive
ideas and mental elements, and rejects
materials like dresses and jeans.
Quotation
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5. Separated vs. Integrated
Quotation --Correction
 Separated : She says, “I took all my
notebooks, all my manuscripts and ate them
page by page, so I could take my words with
me,” which means that she stresses
preserving her own ideas and mental
elements, while rejecting external materials
like dresses and jeans.
 Integrated: While rejecting material things
such as dresses and jeans, she guards her
own words to such a degree that she eats her
notebook “page by page, so [she] could take
[her] words with [her].”
Quotation
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5. separated and indented vs.
Integrated example 2 -1
 After the princess was born, she then
started to explore into her self-identity:
The king was so happy about the birth of the princess that
he held a great celebration. He also invited the fairies who
lived in his kingdom, but because he had only twelve golden
plates, one had to be left out, for there were thirteen of them.
The fairies came to the celebration, and as it was ending
they presented the child with gifts. The one promised her
virtue, the second one gave beauty, and so on, each one
offering something desirable and magnificent. The eleventh
fairy had just presented her gift when the thirteenth fairy
walked in. She was very angry that she had not been invited
and cried out, (cont’d)
Quotation
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5. separated and indented vs.
Integrated example 2 -2
"Because you did not invite me, I tell you that in her
fifteenth year, your daughter will prick herself with a spindle
and fall over dead." The parents were horrified, but the
twelfth fairy, who had not yet offered her wish, said, "It shall
not be her death. She will only fall into a hundred-year
sleep." The king, hoping to rescue his dear child, issued an
order that all spindles in the entire kingdom should be
destroyed.
In this section the role that plays an important part in the
princess’ self-identity appears in a form of the twelve kindhearted fairies and the thirteenth bad fairy. These senior,
wise, dignified women signify the model that the young
girl identifies herself with during the progress of growing
up. (The quote too long, and interpretation not well
supported.)
Quotation
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5. separated and indented vs.
Integrated example 2 Correction

Right after the princess is born, she starts to explore
her self-identity, one major moment of which is her
birthday. For her birthday, the king invites twelve fairies
because he only had twelve plates. At the end of it, the
fairies gives the princess such intangible gifts as virtue
and beauty. The one fairy that was not invited came and,
instead of a gift, gave the princess a curse: falling dead
upon being pricked by a spindle. These fairies, on a
symbolic level of the princess’ self-exploration, represent
what the princess desires and/or develops in her identity
as she grows up: beauty, virtue, as well as curiosity for the
unknown.
Quotation
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Ellipsis
 Improper: Besides, in “this is my
greatest performance and all of the
actresses who won my parts will say….”
The life for women is like to play a role
for performance; life is an image for
others. Even when one of the women
disappears, there are still many women
eager to take her role.
 Meaning incomplete (like some email
writings. )
Quotation
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Ellipsis -revised
 Another source of constraint in this
woman’s life is that of playing roles, of
which even her death is one. Upon
her death, the other “actresses” who
will take over her role praise it by
saying: “how wonderful to let yourself
go that mad, how wonderful
[. . .] ,“ as if it were a matter of
performance on the stage.
Quotation
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Reference: Quotation
 Types of quotation & punctuation:
http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/con&com_
databank/Marguerite/SSW3.htm
 Verbs to use; proper format and
varying sentence structure.
http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/con&com_
databank/Marguerite/SSW2.htm
Quotation
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