Carlos
- Ocean color pic
Understanding the Living Oceans from space
Pre-Aerosol, Clouds, & ocean Ecosystem
Project Manager:
Deputy Project Scientist:
Goddard Contractors
Association
May 19, 2015
Andre Dress
Antonio Mannino
Fact Sheet
Organization
• Directed Mission to GSFC
Mission Elements
• Ocean Color Instrument:
• In House Build
• Polarimeter Instrument:
• JPL Provided
• Contributed
• Procured
• Spacecraft:
• Procurement
• In-House Build
• Contributed
Science Goals
• The PACE mission will make global ocean color
measurements for ocean ecology and global
biogeochemistry along with polarimetery
measurements on clouds and aerosols:
• Primary: Understand and quantify global
biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem function
in response to anthropogenic and natural
environmental variability and change
• Secondary: Understand and resolve/quantify
the role of aerosols and clouds in physical
climate
Mission Overview
Pre-Phase A Schedule
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Pre-Phase A
Design to Cost Mission
$805M with $100 Million for Science
Class C Mission
97° inclination; ~650 km altitude; sun sync
Launch 2022 – 2023
3 years Phase E
April 22, 2015
8/27/15 - TMC Review
11/18/15 - Mission Concept Review
KDP-A - 12/9/15
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Cost Capped Mission
• Cap is $805M and includes the following:
– Project team at GSFC (to include PM, SE, & SMA functions)
– Spacecraft bus
– Launch vehicle
– Instrument payload
– 3 years of mission operations
– Project-held UFE
– Data processing/analysis to be performed by GSFC’s Ocean
Biology Processing Group (OBPG)
– Mission Science ($100M Dedicated to Science)
• Calibration/validation (hardware & execution)
• Science team support (development phase & post launch)
• JCL expectation at KDP-C is 65% for management agreement
April 22, 2015
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Why PACE Science Background
Importance of Phytoplankton (ocean color)
• Despite comprising < 1% of plant/algal biomass on Earth
phytoplankton produce 50-70% of the oxygen we breathe
• Phytoplankton represent the first link in the marine food
web & play key role in the ecology of the ecosystem
• Potential feedbacks on climate change in response to
human and natural environmental variability and change
Importance of Aerosols and Clouds
• Aerosol quantity and composition impacts the solar
radiative flux that is absorbed or scattered within Earth’s
atmosphere
• Cloud composition, and distributions impacts the solar
radiative flux
Phytoplankton & our changing climate
phytoplankton fix* 100M tons of carbon / day
= 40B tons carbon / year (~40 Pg C each year)
> 99% of organic carbon resides in marine sediments
Sallie W. Chisholm, Nature 407, 685-687 (2000)
* fixing carbon is the
process of converting
CO2 to organic matter
PACE Science Drivers-Oceans
WHY are ecosystems changing, WHO within an ecosystem are driving
change, WHAT are the consequences & HOW will the future ocean look?
PACE will allow research into:
• Plankton Stocks – Distinguish living phytoplankton from other constituents
and identify nutrient stressors from turbid coastal waters to the bluest
ocean
• Plankton Diversity – Characterize phytoplankton functional groups,
particle size distributions, and dominant species
• Ocean Carbon – Assess changes in carbon concentrations, primary
production, net community production and carbon export to the deep sea
• Human Impacts – Evaluate changes in land-ocean interactions, water
quality, recreation, and other goods & services
• Understanding Change – Provide superior data precision and accuracy,
advanced atmospheric correction, inter-mission synergies
• Forecasting Futures – Resolve mechanistic linkages between biology and
physics that support of process-based modeling of future changes
PACE will improve our understanding of ocean
ecosystems and carbon cycling through its…
• Spectral Resolution – 5 nm resolution to separate
constituents, characterize phytoplankton communities &
nutrient stressors
• Spectral Range – Ultraviolet to Near Infrared covers key
ocean spectral features
• Atmospheric Corrections – UV bands allow ‘spectral
anchoring‘, SWIR for turbid coastal systems. A polarimeter
option for advanced aerosol characterization.
• Strict Data Quality Requirements – Reliable detection of
temporal trends and assessments of ecological rates
• PACE mission and operations concept will be similar to the
successful SeaWiFS mission.
UV
VISIBLE
NIR
SWIR
Unprecedented spectral and radiometric requirements
Data will be downloaded at max resolution.
λ
http://decadal.gsfc.nasa.gov/pace.html
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Lmax
SNRSpec
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SDT Instrument threshold requirements
how will PACE advance our ability to discriminate
between phytoplankton communities?
a hyperspectral instrument will substantially improve our
ability to identify multiple phytoplankton communities
- standard algorithms assume that chlorophyll & all dissolved carbon
components co-vary
- these two components can look similar at wavelengths greater than 400 nm
UV wavelengths will enable improved separation of dissolved
carbon & phytoplankton components
PACE - end-to-end mission concept
• A mission architecture that includes
• continuous post-launch calibration
• solar & lunar calibration
• vicarious calibration (field-based)
• algorithm development and maintenance
• field validation
• measurement collections at sea
• AERONET-ocean color
• measurement protocol activities
• proven science data system
• SeaWiFS, MODIS, VIIRS, Aquarius
Ocean color comprises up to ~10% of the top-of-atmosphere radiances,
hence the rigor required in pre-launch characterization and post-launch
calibrations along with field validation and algorithm development
activities.
Goals of the Pre-Phase A Studies
• As part of the Design-to-Cost process, the project will
narrow the focus of the number of studies through an
iterative process in order to:
– Maximize the science capability
– Minimize the development risk
– Maximize the cost confidence
• This phase, culminated at the MCR, will provide an
overview of the studies performed:
– Demonstrate the iterative process has been performed
– Justify the decisions for recommended concepts
– Document trade studies planned to be performed in the
subsequent phases A/B
May 19, 2015
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Pre-Phase A Trades
• The project is performing trades across all the elements:
– Launch Vehicle, Observatory Bus, Payloads (OCI,
Polarimeter), RF, and Ground System
– Trades focus on science capability, engineering, and
operations and how this affects cost, schedule and
risk
• Some trades for key elements will lead to procurement
recommendations and will be presented at the MCR,
KDP-A and the ASM
– Primarily focused on the Spacecraft, Polarimeter and
possibly Launch Vehicle
May 19, 2015
12
PACE Pre-Phase A Project Organization Chart
Project Scientist
Jeremy Werdell
Deputy Project Scientist (Ocean)
Antonio Mannino
Deputy Project Scientist
(Atmosphere)
Brian Cairns
Project Manager
Andre Dress
Deputy Project Manager
Kathy McIntyre
Deputy Project Manager
Resources
Bill Sluder
Support Staff
Administration - Vacant
Plan/Sch – Bill Paradis
Config. Mgmt.– Vacant
Financial Manager
Marsha Gosselin
Observatory Manager
Beth Weinstein
Contract Officers
Vacant
Mission CSO
John Rauscher
Ocean Color Instrument
(OCI) Project Manager
Robby Estep
OCI Deputy Project Manager
Mike Hill & Phuc Nguyen
Mission System
Engineer
Peter Spidaliere
Deputy MSE
Leslie Hartz
Polarimeter Instrument
Manager
Tom Dixon
Mission Operations &
Ground Operations
Manager
Robert Schweiss
Technical
Authority
Reporting
Concept Studies
OCI Studies
Robby Estep
April 22, 2015
Polarimeter
Studies Lead
Tom Dixon
Spacecraft
Studies in
House Lead
Beth Weinstein
Spacecraft
Studies out of
House Lead
Beth Weinstein
Launch Vehicle
Studies Lead
Kathy McIntyre
OPS & Ground
Studies Lead
Robert Schweiss
Architecture &
Requirements
Studies Lead
Pete Spidaliere
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PACE Pre-Phase A Mission Activities
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Develop Pre-Phase A studies schedule
Building project leadership team
Establishing high-level requirements and flow
Refining in house spacecraft concept and cost estimates
Release spacecraft RFI
• Assessing technology, concepts, and performance trade
studies
• Developing operations concepts & acquisition strategies
• Developing risk assessments and risk mitigation plans
• Preparing cost estimates, budget submissions, and
schedules
• Preparing products and document control plans
April 22, 2015
14
PACE Acquisition Options
Item
Description
Acquisition
Approach
Spacecraft
BUS
-
Aerosol Instrument
Polarimeter
- Competitive (RFP or AO)
- JPL Provided
- Contributed
Launch Vehicle
Falcon 9, Atlas
- KSC/ULA
- Provided by Spacecraft
Vendor (Delivery in Orbit)
April 22, 2015
Independent procurement
RSDO Rapid III
In-House Build
Contributed
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Pre-Phase A Mission Schedule
April 22, 2015
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