 Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in
the USA
 Smoking causes more ill health than any other single
behavior or combination of behaviors
Teens
 Look mature
 Be like their friends
 Experiment
Adults
 Stress & pressure
 Control their weight (7 pounds less then non-
smokers)
 Made from dried tobacco leaves, as
well as ingredients added for flavor
and other reasons
 Chemicals, chemicals chemicals
 60 chemicals known to cause cancer
(carcinogens).
 Nicotine
 The predominant psychoactive drug
present
 The addictive agent in tobacco
• Tobacco use is psychological
and physical dependence on
nicotine
 Must keep a continuous amount in the
blood and going to the brain
 If that amount falls below a certain level,
they experience withdrawal symptoms
 Made up of several hundred
different chemicals
 Just some chemicals in tobacco
smoke:
 Benzene (found in gasoline)
 Butane( used in lighter fluid)
 Ammonia (used in household





cleaners)
Toluene (found in paint thinners)
Cadmium (used in making
batteries)
Hydrogen cyanide (used in making
chemical weapons)
Tar
Carbon monoxide
 Heart disease and stroke
 Coronary heart disease (2-4
x’s more likely)
 Doubles risk of stroke
 Reduces circulation by
narrowing the blood vessels
 Increase risk of cancer
 23 times more likely to
develop lung cancer then a
person who doesn’t smoke
 Cancer of the lip, oral cavity,
pharynx, esophagus,
pancreas, larynx (voice box),
uterine cervix, urinary
bladder, and kidney
 Affects skin
 smokers have paler skin and more
wrinkles. This is because smoking
reduces the blood supply
• Stains teeth and gums
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease
 conditions that block airflow and
make breathing more difficult
 Examples: emphysema, chronic
bronchitis
• Breathing in smoke that comes from burning
tobacco
 Two different types of secondhand smoke
 Sidestream smoke – the smoke that comes from the
end of a lighted cigarette, pipe, or cigar
 Mainstream smoke- the smoke that is exhaled by a
smoker
 Exposure to second hand smoke increase their heart
disease risk by 25-30%
 Lung cancer risk by 20-30%
 Increase chances of heart attacks
 Tobacco that isn’t smoked
 Two types of smokeless tobacco
 chewing tobacco
 snuff
 Cancer
 Cancer of the oral cavity
 Oral health
 Leukoplakia- precancerous lesion of the soft tissue in
the mouth that consists of a white patch or plaque that
cannot be scraped
 Recession of gums, gum disease, and tooth decay
• Reproductive
 Reduce sperm count and abnormal sperm cells
 Causes health problems for both mothers and babies,
such as:
 Pregnancy complications
 Premature birth
 Low-birth-weight infants
 Stillbirth
 Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
 Curiosity
 To feel good, reduce stress, and relax
 To fit in
 To feel older
 Yes, it is a drug.
 It’s a depressant
 central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
 Ethyl alcohol is the psychoactive ingredient present in
alcoholic drinks
 Grains, fruits, or vegetables
 Beer
 Wine
 Liquor
 Absorbed by the stomach, enters the bloodstream and
goes to all the tissues
 Blood alcohol content (BAC)
 Percentage of alcohol in the blood
 For instance, a BAC of 0.10 means that 0.10% (one tenth
of one percent) of a person's blood, by volume, is
alcohol.
 Binge drinking
 For women, 4 or more drinks during a single occasion.
 For men, 5 or more drinks during a single occasion.
 Heavy drinking
 For women, more than 1 drink per day on average.
 For men, more than 2 drinks per day on average
 Person's size
 Weight
 Age
 Sex
 Amount of food consumed
 Depressant
 Slows function of central nervous system
• Alters a persons perceptions, emotions, movement, vision,
and hearing
• Feel more relaxed or less anxious
• Low doses of alcohol


Impairs judgment
Impairs coordination
 High doses of alcohol







Dizziness
Talkativeness
Slurred speech
Disturbed sleep
Nausea
Vomiting
Hangovers

Headache, nausea, thirst,
dizziness, fatigue
 High Doses of alcohol
 Decreased heart rate
 Slower respiration
 Loss of taste and smell
 Inability to feel pain
 Short-attention span
 Memory problems
 Sexual dysfunction (loss of sensation, temporary
impotence)
 Vision problems (light sensitivity, color impairment,
blurred vision)
 Unintentional injuries, including traffic injuries, falls,
drownings, burns, and unintentional firearm injuries.
 Risky sexual behaviors, including unprotected sex, sex
with multiple partners, and increased risk of sexual
assault. These behaviors can result in unintended
pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases.
 Alcohol poisoning
 The body has become poisoned by large amounts
of alcohol
 Symptoms of alcohol poisoning:
 Violent vomiting
 Extreme sleepiness
 Unconsciousness
 Difficulty breathing
 Seizures
• May lead to death, call for help
 Liver disease
 Cirrhosis- slowly deteriorates; scar
tissue replaces regular tissue blocking
partially blocking the blood through
the liver
 Alcoholic hepatitis- inflammation of
the liver
 Heart disease
 Cancer
 Mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, colon,
and breast
 Pancreatitis
 Neurological problems
 Dementia
 Stroke
 Alcoholism- physical addiction to alcohol and
continues to drink, despite problems with physical
health, mental health, and social, family, or job
responsibilities. Alcohol may control your life and
relationships
 Alcohol abuse- drinking leads to problems, but not
physical addiction
 Mild to moderate symptoms
 swift changes in emotions








from high to low
nausea
difficulty sleeping including
insomnia
rapid or increased heart rate
cold or clammy skin
change in eyes or pupils
(enlarged or dilated)
excitability
irritability
vomiting
 movements out of the










ordinary
nervousness
depression
hand tremors
pulsating headaches
lack of focus and the inability
to think straight
fatigue
anxiety
pale skin
twitchy eyes
nightmares.
 excessive irritability
 blackouts
 extreme anxiety
 convulsions
 increased depression
 muscle tremors
 visual hallucinations
 more extreme changes in
 fever
emotions and mood
swings
 seizures
 difficulty in thinking
clearly is increased
 severe autonomic
nervous system overactivity
 Almost 80% of high school students have tried alcohol
 79,000 deaths attributable to excessive alcohol use each
year in the United States
 In the single year 2005, there were more than 1.6 million
hospitalizations3 and more than 4 million emergency room
visits4 for alcohol-related conditions.
 In 2009, 10,839 people were killed in alcohol-impaired
driving crashes, accounting for nearly one-third (32%) of
all traffic-related deaths in the United States
 Of the 181 child passengers ages 14 and younger who died in
alcohol-impaired driving crashes in 2009, about half (92)
were riding in the vehicle with the with the alcoholimpaired driver
 Prior to any drinking, designate a non-drinking driver
when with a group.
 Don’t let your friends drive impaired. Take their keys
away.
 If you have been drinking, get a ride home or call a
taxi.
 If you’re hosting a party where alcohol will be served,
remind your guests to plan ahead and designate their
sober driver; offer alcohol-free beverages; and make
sure all guests leave with a sober driver.