17.1 Birthplace
Renaissance


Birthplace – Italy
Suffering leads to need for new/classical
ideas



Questioned the church on why they had to
suffer
Medieval ideas blocked social advancement
Renaissance means “rebirth”
Why Italy?
Bubonic Plague And Crusade
Effects

How did the Crusades affect the
Renaissance?


Trade caused cities to spring up around
northern Italy
How did the Bubonic Plague affect the
Renaissance movement?



Killed 60% of the population in the cities
With fewer laborers – demanded higher wages
Reduced population shrunk opportunities for
business expansion

Wealthy merchants began to pursue other
things like art
Medici Family



Because of the increased trade due to the
Crusades, the merchant class was the
wealthiest
Merchants did not inherit status – but felt they
deserved it because of what they had
accomplished on their own
Medici family wealthiest



Basically a dictator
Supported the arts
INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT = THEME
Classical Ideas and Humanism


They studied classical ideas: Greek and
Roman
Classical ideas led to humanism



Human potential and achievement
Encouraged studies of history, literature,
philosophy = humanities
Were secular – remained devout Catholics, but
felt that people could enjoy life without
offending God
Popes and wealthy merchants became patrons
“Renaissance Man”
 Was
educated in many areas
 Expected to create art
Renaissance Women
- know the classics
- be charming
- not seek fame
- inspire art not create it
Renaissance Revolutionizes Art
and Writing
 Teenaged
Mutant Ninja Turtles (But not
really)
 Machiavelli

The Prince
17. 2
Northern Renaissance
 By
1400’s the spread of the Renaissance
reached Northern Europe





Merchants carried the ideas north
100 Year’s War had ended
Population from the Bubonic Plague was
recovering
Cities and wealth grew
Patrons began to sponsor artists and writers
 France
and England were under monarchs – unlike
Italy
 Rulers and wealthy merchants began to sponsor
artists

France invites da Vinci to retire there
Royal Courts
- Played role in spread of Renaissance ideas
- Every court wanted to be on the cutting edge
Renaissance Ideas of the
North
 Renaissance
traditions

ideas mingled with northern
Were more concerned with religious ideas
than secular ideas of Italy
 This
caused a push for religious reform based
on Christian values
 HUMAN DIGNITY = Theme
Students fleeing a French invasion of Italy
carry ideas to Northern Europe
Christian Humanists
 Erasmus

“The Praise of Folly”
 Thomas

Moore
“Utopia”
 Shakespeare

Elizabethan Age
Gutenberg’s Printing Press
 Presses
paper against a tray full of linked
movable type




Allowed hundreds of copies of the same
page
Affordable for all
Spread ideas
Many books were in vernacular – so even
those not classically educated could read
them
Gutenberg’s Bible
 Used
his printing press to print the
complete Bible


First full sized book printed with movable
type
Bible eventually printed in vernacular
 Allowed
people to interpret the Bible for
themselves and they became more critical of
priests and their behavior
 Leads to demands for religious reform
Renaissance Legacy
 Democracy
17.3 The Reformation Starts
 By
the 10th Century the Church had come
to dominate life in Northern and Western
Europe
 The people began to resent the church
and criticized the rule
Causes
 Secular
ideas
 Rulers (political) wanted to challenge the
pope
 Northern merchants did not want to pay
taxes to Rome
 Many Problems in the church (corruption,
scandal)
Early Calls for Reform
 Wycliffe


and Bohemia
Challenged Pope’s worldly power
Bible had more authority than the church
 Savonarola

Preached reform (burn worldly goods)
Martin Luther
 Protested
 95

Sales of Indulgences
Theses
Asked people to debate his claims
 Luther
became famous
 Churches followed
 The Reformation begins
Opposition to Luther
 The

Threated to excommunicate Luther
 The

Pope
Holy Roman Emperor
Threatened to imprison Luther
 The
 Luther
Diet and Edict of Worms
was not intimidated
England Becomes Protestant
 Henry


the 8th wants a divorce
Pope says no
Henry Challenged
 Mary
(Henry’s Daughter) restores
Catholicism
 Elizabeth I takes over (deposing Mary)
and restores Protestantism.
After Restoring England

Elizabeth faced an attack from Spain.

Elizabeth supported Protestant rebellion in
Spain
 Spain
 Elizabeth
ruler

Lost
was a moderately successful
Money was an issue
17.4 More Protestant Churches
 Calvin


“Institutes of the Christian Religion”
Predestination
 Calvin

and his teachings
Runs Geneva
Strict rules, dire consequences
Calvinism Spreads
 John
Knox visited Geneva and liked the
Calvinist way of life.

Took it back to Scotland= Presbyterianism
 Similar
beliefs spread to Swiss, Dutch, and
French reformers
 Still exists today but softened
The Anabaptists
 “Baptize
again”
 Protestants and Catholics felt threated by
them so they were persecuted
 Influenced the Amish, Quakers and
Baptists
Women of the Reformation
 They
were known for influencing their
reformer husbands and protecting them
such as the case for John Calvin
 Still discouraged from being leaders
The Catholic Reformation
 Ignatius

of Loyola
Jesuits
 They
founded schools throughout Europe
 Trained in theology and classical studies
 Went on missions
 Attempted to stop the spread of
Protestanism
Reforming Popes
 Pope



Investigates Indulgences
Inquisition
Council of Trent
 Pope

Paul III
Paul IV
Index of Forbidden Books
Legacy of the Reformation
 Protestants
flourished despite persecution
 Religion no longer united Europe
 Paved the way for modern Nation States
 Helped set the stage for the modern world