The Muscular System
‫سیستم عضلی‬
EO 003.01 Part 5
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Lesson Overview
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1. Function of the Muscular System
2. Muscle tissue
3. How muscles produce
movement.
4. Tendons and ligaments
5. Principal muscles.
6. Disorders of the muscular
system.
7. In-class assignment
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Function of the Muscular System
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Permits movement of the human body.
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The muscular system is controlled by
the nervous system.
Movement is either:
(1) Voluntary (i.e. running) –
consciously aware of movement.
(2) Involuntary (i.e. heart muscle
contraction) – cannot be moved by
conscious thought.
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Where we find muscle tissues in the body
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Skeletal Muscle Composition
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Muscles are composed of
muscle bundles, which
contains many muscle
fibres.
A muscle fibre is a single
skeletal muscle cell.
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Muscle bundle
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Skeletal Muscle Cells
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Each muscle cell contains
myofibrils which are composed two
types of myofilaments:
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Thick (myosin protein)
Thin (actin protein)
These components allow for
contraction of muscle tissue.
Muscle Cell
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Muscle Tissue Contraction
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Thick and thin filaments are
arranged in alternating rows.
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When a muscle contracts the
thick and thin filaments move
past eachother until their ends
are almost touching.
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The Muscular System Movement
‫سیستم عضالت‬
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Voluntary Muscle Movement
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When muscle movement is
required the brain sends a signal to
the muscle causing the muscle
fibre to contract.
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Will be covered in more detail
during the Nervous System lecture.
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Bicep muscle contracting
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Lever Systems and Leverage
‫سیستم اهرمی و شیوه بکار برده اهرمی‬
•
Muscle acts on rigid rod (bone)
that moves around a
fixed point called a fulcrum
•
Resistance is weight of body
part & perhaps an object
•
Effort or load is work done
by muscle contraction
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‫• عضله باالی یک میله (عظم) عمل مینماید که بدور یک نکته ثابت حرکت مینماید و‬
‫بنام ‪ fulcrum‬یا نقطه اتکاه یاد میگردد‪.‬‬
‫• در مقابل بخشی از وزن بدن مقاومت نموده و ممکن است هم یک هدف باشد‪.‬‬
‫• کوشش یا فشار در حقیقت کاری انجام شده توسط تقلص عضلی میباشد‪.‬‬
‫• فواید میخانیکی‬
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Coordination Within Muscle Groups
‫هماهنگی در بین گروپهای عضلی‬
Most movement is the result of multiple
muscles working together.
Flexed
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Extended
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Tendons and Ligaments
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Tendon – a tough band of
fibrous tissue that connects
muscle to bone.
Ligament – fibrous tissue that
joins bone to bone.
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Major Muscles of the Human Body
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Students are responsible to know these
muscles
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Disorders of the Muscular System
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Muscle/Tendon/Ligament injuries
(strains and tears)
Muscular atrophy
Rhabdomyolysis
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Muscle/Tendon/Ligament Injuries
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Strain (pulled muscle) – an injury to a
muscle or tendon in which the muscle
fibres tear as a result of overstretching.
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Sprain – an injury to a ligament in which
the fibres tear as a result of
overstretching.
Muscle spasm – an involuntary
contraction of a muscle. Commonly
called a muscle cramp, which brings on
sudden pain and contraction of the
muscle.
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‫ضايع شدن عضالت که به سبب‬
‫عدم استفاده از آن (الغرى استفادۀ نا‬
‫مناسب)‬
‫قطع منبع عصبى (الغرى از بين رفتن‬
‫عصب)‬
‫‪Atrophy‬‬
‫الغرى (اتروفى)‬
‫تغير در انساج ارتباطى برگشت نا پذير است‪.‬‬
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‫‪Wasting away of muscles caused by:‬‬
‫‪1. disuse‬‬
‫‪2. severing of the nerve supply‬‬
Rhabdomyolysis
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associated with rapid
skeletal muscle destruction
may lead to kidney failure
symptoms include muscle
weakness, stiffness, and
pain
Some medications can
cause this to occur.
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Questions?
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In-class assignment
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1.What are the three types of muscle cells?
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
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1. Answer
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2. Muscle cells contain myofilaments, what
substance are they composed of?
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A)
B)
C)
D)
Fats
Proteins
DNA
Water
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2. Muscle cells contain myofilaments, what
substance are they composed of?
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A)
B)
C)
D)
Fats
Proteins
DNA
Water
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3. Muscle movement is the result of a single
muscle moving independent of other muscles,
true or false?
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3. Muscle movement is the result of a single
muscle acting independent of other muscles, true
or false?
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Answer: False
Most movement is the result of
multiple muscles working at the
same time.
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4. Which of the following can be defined as rapid
muscle destruction?
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A)
B)
C)
D)
Atrophy
Relaxation
Rhabdomylosis
Contraction
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4. Answer: Which of the following can be defined
as rapid muscle destruction?
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A)
B)
C)
D)
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Rhabdomylosis
Contraction
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5. Identify the following muscles:
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8.
1.
2.
9.
10.
11.
3.
4.
12.
5.
6.
7.
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5. Answer
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