THE RISE OF AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS
HANS VISCHER: (1906)
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SAHARA = WORLD’S LARGEST DESERT
A VAST AND DIVERSE CONTINENT
AFRICA_____________________________________
RAIN FOREST = 10% / HOT & STEAMY
_____________________= MOST OF AFRICA / DRY
GRASSLANDS 1000 MILES
ANIMALS =______________________
NORTH & SOUTH = DESERTS N=SAHARA / S=KALAHARI
ALONG MEDITERRANEAN SEA @ NORTHWEST &
SOUTH
= ______________________________________
BERBERS
1ST____________________________________________
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HORSE/DONKEY UNTIL ROMAN’S BROUGHT CAMELS
“SHIPS OF THE DESERT” 100s /1000s TOGETHER
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FOR GOLD/IVORY FROM W. AFRICA
TRADE =____________________________________
RISE OF GHANA (400s)
GHANA = “CROSSROADS OF TRADE”
ARMY - IRON WEAPONS (200,000) / TAX = WEALTH
CONQUERED NEIGHBORS
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FALL OF GHANA (1200s)
GOLD DISCOVERED OUTSIDE AREA =_________________
SOIL DEPLEATED = ______________________GHANA
=______________________________________________
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RISE OF MALI
_____________________=“__________________”
(1230-1255)
SEIZED GHANA & CONTROL OF ATLANTIC COAST TO
TIMBUKTU
_______________________= CONTROL OF GOLD & SALT
TRADE
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MALI CENTER OF EDUCATION, TRADE, & COMMERCE
MALI = LARGEST EMPIRE IN WORLD (BUT NOT WELL KNOWN)
RISE OF SONGHAI (c.100yrs)
SUNNI ALI
(1468-1492
)_______________________________________________________________________________________
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ARAB KINGDOM OF MOROCCO (1591) CROSSED SAHARA &
CONQUERED SONGHAI USING GUNS & CANNONS
KINGDOMS OF THE RAINFOREST
RAINFOREST BLOCKED INVADERS /PROVIDED RESOURCES
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RAINFOREST KINGDOMS
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RF - TRADED SURPLUS FOOD/CRAFTS FOR COPPER, SALT, LEATHER
TRADED CAPTIVES OF WAR WITH EUROPEANS
EAST AFRICA
ETHIOPIA – trace heritage to“Queen Makeda” of SABA
Glory of Kings = Makeda visits King Solomon (Israelites)
who introduced Judaism
Saba declined but Abyssinia (ancient Ethiopia) did not
Power = city-state Axum (Red Sea) trade w/ Med & East
King Ezana of Axum defeated Kush = trading routes (AD300)
King Ezana - Converts to Christianity in AD334
Arab Muslim Traders settled in East Africa
East African & Arab Muslims shared goods and ideas
Ports of Mogadishu, Kilwa, Mombasa, Zanzibar