PSY 620P
January 29, 2015
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January 29th – Design, Measurement, & Analysis (ppt6)
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Fraley, R. C., Roisman, G. I., & Haltigan, J. D. (2013). The legacy of early experiences in development:
Formalizing alternative models of how early experiences are carried forward over time. Dev Psychol,
49(1), 109-126. Sunni1
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Adolph, K. E., S. R. Robinson, et al. (2008). "What is the shape of developmental change?" Psychological
Review 115(3): 527-543. Mike1
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Brody, G. H., Chen, Y-F., Murry, V. M., Ge, X., Simons, R. L., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Cutrona, C. E.
(2006). Perceived discrimination and the adjustment of African American youths: A five-year longitudinal
analysis with contextual moderation effects. Child Development, 77, 1170-1189. BreAnne1
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Oller DK, Niyogi P, Gray S, Richards JA, Gilkerson J, Xu D, Yapanel U, Warren SF: Automated vocal
analysis of naturalistic recordings from children with autism, language delay, and typical
development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2010, 107:13354-13359. Carolyn1
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February 5th – The biological basis of behavior and development
Champagne, F. A., & Mashoodh, R. (2009). Genes in Context Gene–Environment Interplay and the Origins of
Individual Differences in Behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(3), 127-131. Cf. Szyf, M. and J.
Bick (2012). "DNA Methylation: A Mechanism for Embedding Early Life Experiences in the Genome." Child
Development. Ruth1
Burgaleta, M., Johnson, W., Waber, D. P., Colom, R., & Karama, S. (2014). Cognitive ability changes and dynamics
of cortical thickness development in healthy children and adolescents. Neuroimage, 84(0), 810-819. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.038 Ashley1
Uddin, L. Q., Supekar, K., & Menon, V. (2013). Reconceptualizing functional brain connectivity in autism from a
developmental perspective. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00458 Emily1
Chen, E., Cohen, S., & Miller, G. E. (2010). How low socioeconomic status affects 2-year hormonal trajectories in
children. Psychological Science, 21, 31-37. Kelly1
Alternates:
Lister, R., Mukamel, E. A., Nery, J. R., Urich, M., Puddifoot, C. A., Johnson, N. D., Lucero, J., Huang, Y., Dwork, A.
J., Schultz, M. D., Yu, M., Tonti-Filippini, J., Heyn, H., Hu, S., Wu, J. C., Rao, A., Esteller, M., He, C., Haghighi, F. G.,
Sejnowski, T. J., Behrens, M. M., & Ecker, J. R. (2013). Global epigenomic reconfiguration during mammalian
brain development. Science, 341(6146), 1237905. doi: 10.1126/science.1237905
Shaw, P., Greenstein, D., Lerch, J., Clasen, L., Lenroot, R., Gogtay, N., Evans, A., Rapoport, J., & Giedd, J. (2006).
Intellectual ability and cortical development in children and adolescents. Nature, 440, 676-679.
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February 12th – Perceptual Development
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Vogel, M., Monesson, A., & Scott, L. S. (2012). Building biases in infancy: The influence of race on face
and voice emotion matching. Developmental Science, 15, 359-372.
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Maurer, D., & Werker, J. Perceptual narrowing during infancy: A comparison of language and
faces. Developmental Psychobiology , 2014, 56 , 154-178.
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Papageorgiou, K. A., Smith, T. J., Wu, R., Johnson, M. H., Kirkham, N. Z., & Ronald, A. (2014). Individual
Differences in Infant Fixation Duration Relate to Attention and Behavioral Control in Childhood.
Psychological Science. doi: 10.1177/0956797614531295
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Jones, W., & Klin, A. (2013). Attention to eyes is present but in decline in 2-6-month-old infants later
diagnosed with autism. Nature, 504(7480), 427-431. doi: 10.1038/nature12715
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Alternate:
Maurer, D., Mondloch, C. J., & Lewis, T. L. (2007). Sleeper effects. Developmental Science, 10, 40-47.
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Measurement
The shape of developmental change
Modeling individual differences in patterns of
change
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Mediating and moderating variables
Modeling the impact of early experience
Natalie Time Lapse: Birth to 10 years old in 1 minute 25
sec.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTjHLF3xKWo Child
growth face morph time-lapse (from birth to almost
4).
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Investigated
 Increases in discrimination related to increases in conduct
problems and depression
 Association attenuated by nurturant-involved parenting,
prosocial peer affiliation, and school efficacy
 Gender effects
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Participants
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African American youth (from Georgia and Iowa)
T1: Early childhood (ages 10-12)
T2: 2 years later
T3: 5 years later
Self-report, moderators assessed through self-report
and parent-report
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Latent growth curve modeling uses data from
3 time points to assess change in constructs
within individuals
Regression is fitted to three data points for
each youth to see change in construct over
time
 Intercept for each youth represents level of
construct at Time 1
 Slope represents rate at which each construct
changes over time
From Brody et al., 2006
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Increases in discrimination positively
associated with development of conduct
problems and depressive symptoms
High SES youth more likely to have increases
in discrimination over time
Growth trajectories for discrimination and
conduct problems stronger for boys than girls
(no difference for depression)
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Used multigroup comparisons to test for
moderation effects
Discrimination  Conduct problems/Depression
 Weaker for youth with high
▪ Nurturant-involved parenting
▪ School efficacy
▪ Affiliation with prosocial peers
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What does studying trajectories of change
add?
Other potential moderators?
Study limitations?
Developmental Psychology
Psychological Association
2013, Vol. 49, No. 1, 109 –126
10.1037/a0027852
© 2012 American
0012-1649/12/$12.00 DOI:
The Legacy of Early Experiences in
Development: Formalizing Alternative
Models of How Early Experiences Are
Carried Forward Over Time
R. Chris Fraley, Glenn I. Roisman, and John D. Haltigan
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
N. Sun-Suslow
Experiences in the first few years of life are
inconsequential or held in undue high regard.
N. Sun-Suslow
Age 1
Age 7
N. Sun-Suslow
Age 1
Age 7
Enduring
(McCartney & Rosenthal, 2000)
Diminishing
N. Sun-Suslow
Traditional, two-wave, longitudinal studies
cannot discern pattern of association over time.
 Stabilizes?
 If so, approaches zero or non-zero value?
N. Sun-Suslow
Revisionist: Kagan’s (1980) tape recorder
metaphor concerning fate and early experiences.
vs
Enduring: Early experiences play a unique and
enduring role in development. (Sroufe, Egeland, & Dreutzer, 1990)
N. Sun-Suslow
Early
outcomes
Enduring
effects
model
External
Factors
Stability
N. Sun-Suslow
N. Sun-Suslow
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National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child and
Youth Development (SECCYD).
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Looked at maternal sensitivity in the first 3 years
of life and its associations with:
 Social competence (through age 15).
▪ Parent and teacher report
 Academic skills (through age 15).
▪ Teacher report and WJ
N. Sun-Suslow
Maternal sensitivity + covariates
have enduring effects on outcome
+ stability of maternal sensitivity
N. Sun-Suslow
Second-order stability paths. Early
processes may be carried forward.
N. Sun-Suslow
Examined possibility that enduring association
between early experiences and later social and
academic functioning is due to…
 Confounding influence of factors associated with
sensitivity and child outcomes (e.g. maternal
education)
 Stability of caregiving environments over time
N. Sun-Suslow
There may be enduring effects of early
caregiving experiences in both social
competence and academic skills.
Difficult to reconcile on basis of revisionist
perspective on development.
N. Sun-Suslow
1.
A two-wave, longitudinal studies can
adequately discern pattern of association
over time.
N. Sun-Suslow