China before WWII
• Had a revolution in 1911
• Got rid of ancient Chinese
emperor system
• Tired of being “carved up like a
melon” – pushed around by
European imperialist powers
Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925)
Led the Revolution of 1911
Chinese Warlords, 1920s
• China was in
chaos after the
revolution
• Feudal lords
established control
Yuan Shi-kai
China in 1924
Mao Zedong
• One of the
groups
competing for
power were
Communists, led
by Mao
• Focused on
getting support of
peasants
Chiang Kai-shek
Becomes President
of Nationalist
(Democratic) China,
1928
The new leader of the republic – tried to stop
Mao’s rebellion
THIS MEANS
WAR!!!
CIVIL WAR
THAT IS!!!
The Long March
• Click here because my computer
doesn’t want me to have a happy
birthday!
Communists travel 6,000 away from Nationalists- Journey
lasts 1 year.
8,500 of 80,000 Communists survived
Japanese Aggression,
1931 - 1945
Japan invaded China, along with East &
Southeast Asia to carve for itself a “sphere
of influence”
• Communists & Nationalists
ignore Japan and keep fighting
each other.
• What is wrong with this?
• Eventually the Communists &
Nationalists join together in
order to rid China of Japan.
• What do you think happens to
this alliance following WWII?
The Peoples’ Liberation Army,
1949 • Civil War
began again,
after the
Japanese were
expelled from
China
•Nationalist
army
outnumbered
Communist
•Truman
Doctrine?
•U.S. funded
Nationalists
The Communist Victory
• So mad @ my computer right now!
Taiwan: The Republic
of China
Chiang Kai-shek and his government
was forced out of
China to the tiny island of Taiwan.
The People’s Republic
of China
Reasons for the
Communists’ Success
► Mao won support of peasants – land
► Mao won support of women
► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
► Many saw the Nationalist government
as corrupt (too much foreign influence)
Communist China
Under Mao
►Return China to a strong country
►Industrialized China
► Increased literacy
► Class privileges ended
► Rural Chinese received health
care
► One-party dictatorship
► Denied people basic rights and
freedoms
Great Leap Forward, 1958
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture
and industry
► Built backyard furnaces to make iron
► Failed due to poor quality of
products, no one working in fields –
MASS FAMINE
A Campaign Against the
“FOUR OLDS”
► Old Thoughts
► Old Culture
► Old Customs
► Old Habits
To Rebel Is Good!
Smash the Old World. Establish a New World.
Cultural Revolution
► Designed to reinstall a
revolutionary spirit
► To forget Great Leap Forward’s
failure
► Red Guards – students who
attacked elders: professors,
government officials, factory
managers
Red Guard
With regard to the great teacher Chairman
Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard
to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously
stress the word 'Usefullness'. (1968)
The reddest, reddest, red sun in our
heart, Chairman Mao, and us together
Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art
Academy collective, 1968
Mao’s
Little Red
Book
Deng Xiaoping (19051997)
De-Maoization
“The 4 Modernizations”
Progress in:
► Agriculture
► Industry
► Science
► Defense
Class struggle was no longer the central focus!
Gap Between Rich &
Poor
Deng: If you open a window, some flies
naturally get in!
Tiananmen Square,
1989
More democracy!
Tiananmen Square,
1989
Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Democracy—Our Common Ideal!
Tiananmen Square,
1989
The
“Goddess
of
Democracy”
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Government Clamps Down
Tiananmen Square, 1989
One Lone Man’s Protest
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In
Tiananmen Square,
1989
The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by
an Army Tank
Tiananmen Square,
1989
Student Leaders Are Arrested
Propaganda Poster
Go among the workers, peasants and
soldiers, and into the thick of struggle!
1967-1972
Propaganda Poster
Propaganda Poster
Propaganda Poster
Assignment
*Page 539
*Copy the “Chinese Political
Opponents” chart onto your
notes.
*Answer the skillbuilder
questions.
• Japan’s Invasion
Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking
December 9, 1937
Victims of the Japanese
bombing of Shanghai.
The Japanese Invasion,
1937
Beheadings Took Place
in Public
“Ping-Pong Diplomacy”:
U. S. Players at Great Wall,
1971
Mao Meets President
Nixon, 1972
Power Struggle
Modernists
1976
Communist
Traditionalists
Zhou Enlai
“The Gang of Four”:
Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang
Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Army Looks for Dissidents
Tiananmen Square, 1989
Chinese Students Mourn the Dead
Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Reestablishment of Order