New Seats
INTRODUCTIONS
Starter/Rewind
1.
Daily Personality Quizzes
Fun/No Make-up – participation only
3 Points Each
◦ 1 point TITLE
◦ 1 point DATE
◦ 1 point answered/scored
You may record more than one per page.
DUE TEST DATES
2.
Rewind
Reminders/Rewind
Every Day to Start Class
Points Deducted (checking today – quiz)
Please be PROACTIVE, not REACTIVE
Sign up for reminders (if you haven’t)
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Remind 101
Text: 81010
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Respond with FULL NAME
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Reflect/Q and A
Quiz
Classroom tour
Wednesday:
Name Assignment DUE
Notebook DUE
(1-2-3)
st
March 1
$3 Mask Fee DUE
Notes Myth #1
• CO M P L E TE A N SW ERS
• A DD YO U R OW N E X A MPLES/THOUGHTS
• E V E RYTHING CO U N TS – T HESE A R E T HE M A I N P OI N TS
1. Psychology Defined
The SCIENTIFIC
study of (ology)
mental processes
and behavior
(psyche)
2. Psychomythology Defined
The vast body of
misconceptions,
urban legends,
and old wives’
tales regarding
Psychology.
3. Phrenology
The study of the bumps on your
skull and their connection to your
personality and mental processes
Established by Frantz Gall
1800’s: Phrenology was the rage
“Have Your Head Examined!”
Still around…
“Phrenology is the science which studies the
relationships between a person's character and the
morphology of the skull…”
“Today, much of the criticism against Phrenology can
be easily dismissed.”
http://www.phrenology.org/intro.html (emphasis
added)
Problem with phrenology?
fMRI
Myth #1:
Psychology
is NOT
a science
SCIENCE V. PSEUDOSCIENCE
4. SCIENCE is...
HOW something is studied, NOT WHAT.
Systematic and precise
Public, open to scrutiny (peer reviewed journals)
Scientists try to rule stuff out, not PROVE.
Tentative; MORE is learned over time, changes with evidence (replication)
Solving SOLVEALBE problems (“Does God exist?)
Advantages:
Naturalistic
Observation
Definition:
Behavior is
studied in its
natural
environment
without
interference
from the
researcher
◦
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◦
Spontaneous
Not a “lab” setting
Great ideas for future experimentation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvpG6lkG
MVs
Disadvantages
◦ Observer/Experimenter Bias
◦ One Chance – think spontaneous moment!
Advantages:
Case Study
Definition:
Intensive
analysis and
description
of an
individual or
a small
group.
A lot of information.
A rich description.
Leads to ideas for future study.
Disadvantages:
Observer/Experimenter Bias
Difficult to generalize beyond single case
studied
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6Fv_PlKYU
Positive Correlation –
Two variables “vary” or change together
Correlational
Research
Method
Definition:
Used to clarify the
strength of a
relationship among
variables.
Negative Correlation –
Two variables “vary” or change in opposite
directions
Dark clouds and rain
Consumption of hot cocoa and temperature
Study time and scores
*Can only say the
relationship exists
and how strong it is,
not WHY the
relationship is there.
Smoking and lifespan
Late Start and tardies 1st/5th periods
Experimental
Method
Definition:
A defined study,
usually done in a
laboratory setting.
Test two variables
using subjects and the
scientific method.
*Can prove WHY and
HOW the two
variables relate.
Hypothesis:
An explanation about the connection
between two variables in an experiment.
The beginning of the research process.
Independent Variable (IV):
 The controlled or manipulated variable.
The “thing” that is given or not given to
the subjects.
Dependent Variable (DV):
 The effect (behavior or mental process)
being observed that is caused by the IV.
Experimental Group (EG):
 Manipulated group
 Receives the treatment
 Receives the IV
Control Group (CG):
 Comparison Group
 Does not receive the IV
 May receive a placebo (looks like IV, but
is not have the same effect)
Experimentation Practice:
Identify the Independent Variables (IV), Dependent
Variables (DV), Experimental Groups (EG), and Control
Groups (CG)
1.
Developmental psychologists want to know if exposing children to public
television improves their reading skills.
IV – DV – EG – CG –
2.
Behavioral psychologists want to know if giving people compliments while
they work, will make them work harder on an assembly line.
IV – DV – EG – CG –
3.
A clinical psychologist wants to know whether people who have
psychotherapy are more or less likely to have problems in the future.
IV – DV – EG – CG –
4.
A social psychologist wants to know whether being rude to people tends to
make them less cooperative.
IV – DV – EG – CG –
6. Pseudoscience is…
“Pseudo” means fake
Aimed at the general public
Research cannot be reproduced (replicated), not precise
The “file drawer” problem
Skeptics must demonstrate proof; fixed ideas
Appeals to belief or faith; relies on personal testimony
7. Example: Therapeutic Touch
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNoRxCRJ-Y0
Stossel Testing Therapeutic Touch
Other Examples of
Pseudoscience…
8.
How do you explain these?
Must Be Aliens!!
Spaceships landing
Invisible energy beams from space
Horny/busy hedgehogs…
Electrically charged air currents (dust devils’ “Plasma Vortex Theory”)?
OR …
5. Occam’s Razor
(the simplest explanation is
probably the best)
Man-made hoaxes
Doug & Dave, 1991
Other Pseudoscience?
9.
Polygraph machines…aka “lie detectors”
Measures:
heart rate
blood pressure
respiratory rate
sweatiness (fingers)
infers “increase” means deception
Can You Detect a Liar?
Not the first method!
*Rice test
Charles Moulton Marston
10. Polygraphs…research says…
#1:
There is no evidence that any pattern of physiological reactions
is unique to deception
◦ An honest person may be nervous when answering truthfully
◦ A dishonest person may be non-anxious
#2:
Countermeasures can be effective
◦ Counting backwards, tack in shoe, breathing changes
#3:
Significant error rates
◦ Not admissible in a court of law as evidence
Discovering Psychology
#4: Placebo-like effects
Placebo: A substance or situation that is deceives an individual into “feeling”
an effect. By “thinking” you’ve been affected, you might actually
find a change.
The person believes that the test/pill works, so it does!
“I really did feel tingling …”
Understanding Research: #2 (start at 20:19)
http://www.learner.org/resources/series138.html#
Really “Arousal” Detectors, not
“Lie” Detectors
But, 67% of American public believe they are
effective
Good for anything?

“Guilty knowledge test”

Seldom admissible in court
Makes for good drama and ratings!
12.
Do you think they should be used for hiring/firing?
As evidence in a court case? Explain.
Detecting Lies: Microexpressions
13. Dr. Paul Ekman
Brief facial expression (1/25th sec.); occurs when person either
deliberately or unconsciously conceals an emotion being felt.
Microexpressions