THE HISTORY OF MASS
COMMUNICATION
MASS COMMUNICATION
• Mass Communication is designed to reach large
audiences who are not physically present and who
can “turn off” the senders at will.
• Electronic media can now bring everything to you in
your home or on your mobile device. You can both see
and hear things that are happening around the world.
• What are some Major Media Companies?
• Mass Communication is there to…
Inform
Entertain
Profit
EARLY INNOVATIONS
3300 B.C.
• Egyptians perfect hieroglyphics.
Later
• Print was the first means of mass communication.
1440
• Johann Gutenberg conceives the idea of movable type. He brings
together paper, oil-based ink and wood carved letters (later medal
letters) to print books.
1452
• Guttenberg’s Bible was published becoming
the first book to be published in volume.
1468
• William Caxton produces a book in England with the first printed
advertisement.
COLONIAL ERA AND EARLY REPUBLIC YEARS
1690
• Ben Harris prints first Colonial newspaper
(Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign
and Domestic) in Boston.
1731
• Ben Franklin founds first public library.
TELEGRAPH ERA AND START OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
1821
• National magazines (The Saturday Evening Post).
1827
• Joseph Niepce is credited with producing the first
successful photograph in 1827.
“Photography” is derived from the Greek words photos
(“light”) and graphein (“to draw”).
1836
• William McGuffey begins writing textbooks.
1839
•
Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguere invents the camera.
TELEGRAPH ERA AND START OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
1841
• Horace Greely introduces the editorial page.
1857
• James Buchanan’s Inauguration is the first photographed.
1865
• Fictional text started to be mass produced.
1867
• 1st typewriter was invented.
1876
• Thomas Edison invents the phonograph.
TELEGRAPH ERA AND START OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Before photography was invented, newspapers used illustrators to
visually display to the reader what was happening. Once
photography comes to the main stream, illustrators became
obsolete.
1880s
• “Yellow journalism” causes Joseph Pulitzer to establish a higher
criteria for journalism and literature through the Pulitzer Prize.
1880
• First half-tone photograph appears in a daily newspaper, the New York
Graphic.
1883
• Joseph Pulitzer bought the NY based World newspaper and began putting
pictures in its pages. In three years Pulitzer turned World newspaper into
the most profitable paper of it’s day.
1887
• German physicist Heinrich Hertz first discovers Radio Waves.
TELEGRAPH ERA AND START OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
1888
• Thomas Edison came up with the idea for a
Kinetoscope. It was a device which would “do for the
eye what the phonograph does for the ear” – record
and reproduce objects in motion.
1893
• Edison’s first motion picture showed his employee
Fred Ott pretending to sneeze.
1899
• Gilbert Grosvenor introduces photographs
in National Geographic.
GOLDEN AGES OF RADIO, TV AND MOVIES
1901
• Guglieimo Marconi creates the wireless telegraph and is able to
send the letter “S” from England to Canada.
1902
• Beatrix Potter’s The Tale of Peter Rabbit series launches small,
easy to handle children’s books.
In the 1910s a lot of radio and telegraph transmissions were used
for the war and police stations.
1919
• The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) is founded.
GOLDEN AGES OF RADIO, TV AND MOVIES
1919
•
Dr. Frank Conrad, a Westinghouse engineer, broadcasts a regular
schedule of records from his garage in Pittsburgh and begins to take
requests from mail he receives. A local department store mentions
those broadcasts in one of their newspaper advertisements, and
promptly sells out of radio equipment.
1920
• The first commercial radio broadcast is made by KDKA, in Pittsburg, PA.
1922
• Football games were being broadcast. Radio programming was up to 3
hours a day and AT&T linked stations so President Coolidge's speech
could be heard coast to coast.
GOLDEN AGES OF RADIO, TV AND MOVIES
1923
• Time, the first newsmagazine, is launched.
1925
• Calvin Coolidge's Inauguration is the first on radio.
1926
• Ernst Alexanderson is proclaimed the “Inventor of Television” by the
press in St. Louis.
1927
• The movie The Jazz Singer is the first “talkie”.
1927
• Radio Owners go to the Government and begged for regulation. The
Federal Radio Commission (FRC) was established.
GOLDEN AGES OF RADIO, TV AND MOVIES
1928
• GE begins regular TV broadcasting.
1930
• On July 30 NBC starts its first TV station in NY called W2XBS.
1931
• CBS begins regular TV broadcasting of 28 hours per week on W2XAB in NY.
Mid 1930s to 1940s
• Radio shifted from music & local talk to news & drama.
1936
• Germany broadcasts the Olympic games in Berlin with a 180-line electronic
system.
GOLDEN AGES OF RADIO, TV AND MOVIES
1937
•
Walt Disney produces the first animated feature
Snow White .
1941
• FCC issued the first commercial TV licenses to 10 stations.
• Pearl Harbor attack is reported by radio.
1944
• The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is created from the breakup
of NBC.
1947
• CBS and NBC begin first newscasts.
GOLDEN AGES OF RADIO, TV AND MOVIES
1948
• Cable television is born.
• FCC ordered a freeze that prevented any new TV channels from
being authorized beyond the existing 100 stations, until technical
interference and color TV compatibility problems were resolved.
1949
• Harry Truman’s Inauguration is the first televised.
1952
• The FCC lifts the freeze on licensing new TV channels.
1954
• Color broadcasting is introduced!
COLD WAR DECADE
1960s
• Motion pictures soar!!
1960
• Olympic games are first televised.
1962
•
Paul Baran of the RAND Corporation (a government agency) was
commissioned by the U.S. Air Force to study how it could maintain
command and control over its missiles and bombers after a
nuclear attack. Baran’s finished document was a packet-switched
network…the beginning of the Internet.
SOCIAL ISSUES DECADE
1970s
•
TV sitcoms address social issues.
1970
• Monday Night Football debuts on television.
1972
• The first e-mail program was created by Ray Tomlinson.
• The “pay TV network” is born as Sterling Manhattan Cable launch Home
Box Office (HBO), the first programming service to be delivered
nationwide via satellite.
1973
• Development begun on the protocol TCP/IP. This new protocol was to
allow diverse computer networks to interconnect and communicate with
each other.
SOCIAL ISSUES DECADE / CABLE TV IS BORN
1976
•
The first consumer Direct To Home (DTH) Satellite System was created.
1977
• First VHS VCR featured a 2-hour recording time.
1980s
• A revolution in the home-video market took place, through which major
releases were made available for home viewing almost immediately after
they left theatres.
1985
• Microsoft Windows is launched.
1989
• Compaq laptop computer is launched.
DIGITAL DECADE
1992
• Internet Society is chartered and the World-Wide Web is
released.
1993
• Internet services are created: directory and database
services (by AT&T), registration services (by Network
Solutions Inc.) and information services (by Geeral
Atomics).
1994
• DIRECTV is launched.
• Pizza Hut offers ordering on its Web page.
DIGITAL DECADE
1995
• Microsoft Internet Explorer is launched.
• Amazon.com launches online shipping.
• 139 cable programming services are available nationwide.
1997
• Bill Clinton’s Inauguration is live on the Internet.
AGE OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE
2000s
• Having your own blog becomes hip.
2001
• 9/11 Attacks are reported immediately through multimedia.
• iPod and MP3 format compressed digital files debut.
2002
• Satellite radio is launched.
2003
• iTunes online music store begins.
• A new U.S. law creates a kids-safe “dot-kids” domain (kids.us) to be
implemented.
AGE OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE
Mid 2003
• DVD rentals top those of VHS videotape. Many major studios
stop creating VHS versions of their films and major retail stores
stop selling VHS version releases.
2004
• 60,000,000 web sites
2006
• Citizen journalists record events on cellular cameras
and technology.
2007
• Presidential debates on YouTube.
2008
• Blu-ray wins battle over HD-DVD.
BUDDHIST SCRIPTURE FIRST PRINTED- 868
The Diamond Sutra is the world's earliest
dated printed book.
GUTTENBERG PRINTS BIBLE WITH MOVEABLE TYPE1452
In 1440, Johann
Guttenberg brings
together paper,
oil-based ink and
wood carved
letters (later medal
letters) to print
books.
1452,
Guttenberg's Bible
was published
becoming the first
book to be
published in
volume.
1ST SUCCESSFUL PHOTO BY JOSEPH NIEPCE1827
FIRST TYPEWRITER INVENTED - 1867
Tools for
recording
the written
word.
THOMAS EDISON INVENTS PHONOGRAPH - 1876
JOSEPH PULITZER BUYS NEW YORK BASED
NEWSPAPER - 1883
MARCONI DEMONSTRATED THE
WIRELESS TELEGRAPH - 1901
Able to
send the
letter S
from
England
to
Canada
THE TITANIC SINKS - 1912
WORLD WAR I BEGINS - 1917
RCA FOUNDED - 1919
1920, the first commercial radio broadcast is made by KDKA,
Pittsburg.
Radio is acclaimed as the newest form of entertainment for
the home in 1920.
Football games were being broadcast.
Radio programming was up to 3 hours a day.
President Coolidge’s speech could be heard coast to coast.
ERNST ALEXANDERSON PROCLAIMED
INVENTOR OF TV - 1926
FIRST OLYMPIC GAMES BROADCAST ON TV
BERLIN, GERMANY - 1936
WAR OF THE WORLDS RADIO
BROADCAST BY ORSON WELLS - 1938
•
People
thought
there was
an actual
Martian
invasion.
FCC (FRC)
WORLD WAR II BEGINS - 1941
ABC FOUNDED FROM SALE OF NBC - 1944
COLOR BROADCASTING INTRODUCED 1954
SOVIET UNION LAUNCHES SPUTNIK - 1957
JFK ELECTED PRESIDENT - 1960
How did TV
help JFK
with the
election?
NEIL ARMSTRONG STEPS FOOT ON THE
MOON - 1969
MTV FIRST AIRS - 1981
What was
the first
music video
MTV aired on
August 1,
1981?
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x19cbz_the-buggles-video-killed-theradio_music
APPLE COMPUTER LAUNCHES
MACINTOSH - 1984
COMPACT DISC SALES SURPASS VINYL 1988
WWW BEGINS - 1992
DIRECT TV SATELLITE LAUNCHED - 1994
BLOCKBUSTER ADOPTS DVD
AS STANDARD - 1998
TIVO INTRODUCED - 1999
What
would you
do without
your
DVR?
YOUTUBE LAUNCHED - 2002
IPHONE INTRODUCED - 2007
BARNES & NOBLE INTRODUCE
THE NOOK - 2009