Happy Wednesday!
 Turn in your vocab to the black box on my desk
 Look over your notes from last class and get ready for
the daily quiz
Daily Quiz
1. what were the 3 main motives for European
Exploration?
2. What part of the triangle trade brought Africans to the
New World?
3. What is the transfer of plants, animals and diseases
between Africa, Europe and the Americas called?
4. What had the biggest impact on the Native
population during exploration?
5. What were Spanish explorers called?
Jamestown
Jamestown
• First permanent English settlement in North America-
1607
• Joint-stock company- investors pool their money to
fund the colony
– Virginia Company of London
• Settled by people seeking economic opportunities
• “Cavaliers”- English nobility who got land grants from
King of England
• Indentured Servants- agreed to work in exchange for
passage
Stop and Think!
 Most people who came to Jamestown were men. What
problem might that create?
Rocky Start…
 Almost failed due to disease and starvation
 Ultimately succeeded due to Capt. John Smith’s
leadership and tobacco
Problems
 Everyone’s looking for gold and profit
 Disease ran rampant from bad water
 Starvation- too many people looking for gold, not
enough people planting crops
 Relations with the Powhatan Indians- TENSE
 “Starving Time”- Winter of 1609-1610
 Out of the 500 colonists only 60 survived!!
Successes
• New settlers arrived in perfect time to save the colony
• Tobacco- “Brown Gold”- introduced by John Rolfe in
1612
• Headright System- solved labor issues- 50 acres for
paying a laborer’s passage
– Laborer became indentured servant- full passage + food
and shelter in return for 4-7 years of labor
•
•
Low class English but also first Africans
When numbers declined, African slavery took over as primary
form of labor
• Established House of Burgesses (1619)- Virginia’s
colonial legislature, first representative body in North
America
Stop and Think!
 Summarize the Headright System and indentured
servants. Is it possible this “success” could become a
failure? Why or why not?
Clashes with Native Americans
• Relations with Natives got worse in time
• No intermarriage like the Spanish
• Colonists wanted more land for tobacco, Native
Americans resisted
• 1622- Opechancanough’s revolt- wiped out 1/3 of VA
settlers
– Not to mention VA Company was in debt- King James
revokes the company’s charter
•
1624- VA becomes a royal colony- under the direct control of
the king
Economic Differences split VA
 Rich v. Poor
 Wealthy Cavaliers in eastern VA-tons of land and
money-represented by Governor Berkeley
 Former indentured servants in western VA and
frontier- no land, no money, no protection from
Natives- represented by Nathaniel Bacon
Bacon’s Rebellion
• Poor whites in west (including former indentured
servants) revolted against VA gov’t
• WHY???
– Lack of protection from Native Americans
– Lack of representation in the House of Burgesses
• Revolted and marched on and burned Jamestown
• Bacon died, Berkley took over
• Significance: led to more planters choosing African
slaves over indentured servants b/c revolt was less
likely
Stop and Think!
 What was the main cause of Bacon’s Rebellion?
Happy Tuesday!!!
 Turn in your Document Homework to the box on my
desk
 Take out your New England notes, we will go over
them before going into the Middle Colonies
New England
Settlers
 English Puritans seeking religious freedom beginning
in 1620
 Some non-Puritans came as well
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L393V0e7FCM
Pilgrims v. Puritans
 Separatists/ Pilgrims- church members who wanted to
break away completely from the Church of England
 Came on the Mayflower

Mayflower Compact- before leaving the ship all men signed
an agreement to create a civil gov’t based on English law
 BIG STEP TOWARDS DEMOCRATIC GOV’T IN AMERICA
 Established the Plymouth Colony (2nd permanent
English settlement)
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwJDraGAV44
Pilgrims v. Puritans (continued)
 Puritans- church members who wanted to “purify” or
reform the Church of England (aka Anglican Church)
 Reforms include getting rid of all Roman Catholic
practices
 Goal was the establish a new society where they could
practice their religion free from persecution
 Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritans
 John Winthrop- first leader of the Puritans in Mass
Bay Colony
 Wanted to establish a “City Upon a Hill”- Boston

“For we must consider that we shall be a City upon a Hill, the
eyes of all people are upon us”
Massachusetts Bay Colony
 Right to vote in MBC was based on being male and
church membership
 Legislation was called the General Court
 No division between church and state- gov’t and laws
based on Puritan vision
 Much better organized than Jamestown
 Entire families moved over not just individual laborers
Stop and Think!
 What is the advantage of having whole families settle
rather than individual laborers?
Unrest in the Puritan Community
 Not everyone agreed with the Puritan vision
 Roger Williams- believed the following:
 England had no claim to land unless they bought it from
Native Americans
 Called for separation of church and state- thought
people should be able to practice their own religion
 Founded colony of Rhode Island (Providence is capital)

Based on religious freedom and separation of church and state
Unrest in Puritan Community
(continued)
 Anne Hutchison Taught lessons from the Bible


Women were not allowed to do this
Thought people could interpret the Bible for themselves
 Banished from Massachusetts, Moved to Rhode Island
and later to New York
Stop and Think!
 Looking at Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison, how
would you describe MBC’s view of people who think
differently from them?
Relations with Native Americans
 Mass. settlers moved into new areas and set up
colonies in Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New
Hampshire- resistance from Native Americans
 Native Americans did NOT believe in owning landbelonged to all for communal use
 European settlers believed in private ownership of land=
conflict
Wars with Native Americans
 Pequot War (1637): Connecticut
 Pequots revolted against English- nearly wiped out
 Massacre at Mystic- brutal extermination tactics used
 King Philip’s War (1675): all over New England
 Wampanoag chief Metacom revolted against English
settlers
 English won, displayed Metacom’s head in Plymouth for
20 years
 Significance: end of Native American resistance in NE
Happy Wednesday!!
 Turn in the Document Homework in the box on my desk
 Take out your New England Notes and look them over
for the daily quiz!!
Agenda for today:
1. Daily Quiz
2. Notes
3. Colonies Chart (Homework if you don’t finish!!)
Daily Quiz
1. Where was the second permanent English settlement?
2. Which group of people wanted to “purify” or reform
the Church of England?
3. What was the motive for settlement at Massachusetts
Bay Colony?
4. Who was the first leader of the MBC?
5. Name one person who was asked to leave or banished
from MBC because they went against the beliefs of the
colony’s leaders.
Middle Colonies
The Dutch Found New
Netherlands
 Henry Hudson (English) sailed for the Dutch up the
Hudson River in NY
 New Netherlands established for economic reasons
 Fur trade
 New Amsterdam is the capital
 Has better relations with the Native Americans than
English b/c of the fur trade
Changes come to New
Netherlands
 The Dutch take over New Jersey from the Swedes
 Cant get enough settlers so they open it up to different
types of people

Dutch, German, French Huguenots (Protestants), Jews,
Scandinavians, Africans (both slave and free)
 Duke of York (English) conquers the Dutch colony and
renames it New York in 1664
 Becomes the proprietor or owner of New York but gave
away New Jersey to his friends
Stop and Think!
 How did New Netherlands become so diverse?
Pennsylvania
 Quakers- Protestant group devoted to equality,
cooperation, and religious tolerance
 Services held without ministers, plain dress and pacifists
 William Penn= founder and proprietor of PA- the “Holy
Experiment”
 Philadelphia- capital
 All settlers promised 50 acres of land and the right to
vote
 Freedom of Religion
Pennsylvania (continued)
 Delaware eventually became an off-shoot of PA
 Relations with Native Americans were generally good
 Penn showed respect to them
 Needed more settlers so opened it up to diverse groups
 Quakers, Germans, Dutch and French
Stop and Think!
 How was the Pennsylvania colony different from
Jamestown or MBC?
The Rest of the 13 Original
Colonies
 Maryland (Southern)- Founded by Lord Baltimore as a
haven for Catholics
 Act of Toleration- led to religious freedom in MD for a
while
 Carolinas (Southern)- land granted to King Charles II’s
friends, South of VA
 Plantation system emerged in South Carolina- very
wealthy
 Georgia (Southern)- founded by James Oglethorpe as a
haven for debtors
 Also a buffer with Spain
The Rest (continued)
 Connecticut- Founded by Thomas Hooker- bought the
land from the Native Americans
 New Hampshire- Founded by John Wheelwrightcriticized Puritan teachings
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p47tZLJbdag
Happy Thursday!!!
 Take out your notes and look it over for the quiz
 DO NOT TURN IN YOUR CHART YET! WE WILL
DISCUSS THE “TYPE OF GOVERNMENT”
CATEGORY
 Agenda:
 Daily Quiz
 Finish Chart
 Notes
 Meet with theme group
 Study Guide---DUE MONDAY TEST ON MONDAY!!!
Daily Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Which group of people founded New Netherlands?
What group of people established Pennsylvania?
What social aspect sets the Mid-Atlantic colonies
apart from Jamestown or Massachusetts?
Who was the proprietor or owner of Pennsylvania?
When the New Netherlands changes hands and is
taken over by an Englishman, what is it’s new name?
England and Its Colonies
England and it’s colonies
prosper
 Mercantilism –economic philosophy of England –
to acquire more gold and silver than other nations.
How?
 Become self-sufficient
 To maintain a favorable balance of trade (export more
than you import)
 Colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country
 Colonies provide raw materials to England – ex: lumber,
furs, fish, tobacco
 England provides manufactured goods to the colonies –
ex: furniture, utensils, books, china
Navigation Acts
 a series of laws that regulated and restricted
colonial trade, caused some resentment from
colonists
 Goods from the colonies had to be carried on British
ships
 Goods from the colonies had to be shipped through
England first
Stop and Think!!
 Why did England impose the Navigation Acts?
 How could this lead to resentment from the colonist?
Glorious Revolution
 William and Mary were named co-monarchs,
replacing James II
 England focused more on France than on the colonies
Stop and Think!
 What do you think will happen when England
switches its focus away from the colonies? (think back
to the Navigation Acts)
Salutary Neglect
 England did NOT strictly enforce its mercantilist
policies
 Navigation Acts were largely ignored by colonist
 Colonial legislatures were more powerful than the royal
governors
 Colonists were still very loyal to England
Southern Economies
 Cash crops- agricultural products grown for sale rather
than for a farmer’s own use- **CROP grown for
CASH**
 Examples: tobacco (MD, NC, VA), rice and indigo (SC)
 Self-sufficient plantations developed along navigable
rivers
 Led to a lack of towns or cities in the South
Southern Society
 Ethnic diversity was common in the southern colonies
 Germans settled in MD, VA and SC
 Scots-Irish settled in western VA and NC- foothills of the
Appalachian Mountains
 Majority of southern population were small farmers, but
plantation owners controlled most of the power
 Women had few legal, social or political rights
 Indentured servants- decline by 1700
Slavery in the Southern
Colonies
 African Slavery- primary source of labor on southern
plantations by 1700s
 Racism played an important part on the growth of slavery
 Slave Trade- part of the Triangular Trade
 Rum traded from NE to Africa
 Slaves traded from Africa to Caribbean
 Sugar and Molasses traded from Caribbean to NE
 Middle Passage- Slaves to Caribbean
 Most slaves worked in fields of plantations
Africans in the New World
 Came from many different cultures, spoke many
different languages
 African culture preserved despite difficult conditions
of slavery
 Art, pottery, music, stories, dance
Slave Resistance
 Took many forms:
 Passive resistance- fake illnesses, breaking tools, work
slowdowns
 Escape/Runaways- punishment was harsh, but occurred
frequently
 Revolt- Stono Rebellion (1739)

20 slaves in SC rebelled and headed for Spanish Florida,
captured and killed by SC militia
Stop and Think!
 Describe the economy and the society in the Southern
Colonies.
Commerce in the North
 New England:
 Small farming- colder climate and rocky soil
 Fishing
 Lumber
 Shipbuilding
 Port city- Boston
 Middle Colonies:
 Larger farms- multiple crops and livestock
 Merchant activity increase
 Port cities: NYC and Philadelphia
Northern Society
 Diverse society!
 Immigration in the 1700s was common

English, German, Scot-Irish, Dutch, Scandinavians, Jews
 Slavery existed in the North too, but not as common
 Women had few legal rights and couldn’t vote
 Salem Witch Trials- Massachusetts, 1692- hysteria
caused by accusations of witch-craft
 20 people convicted and killed
New Ideas Influence the
Colonists
 Enlightenment- emphasis on reason and logic to
obtain knowledge
 Benjamin Franklin- most famous enlightenment figure
in America
 The Great Awakening- religious revival that swept
through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s
 Traveling ministers delivering sermons to mass
audiences
Significance of the Great
Awakening
 Increased importance of religion throughout the
colonies
 New Christians- Native Americans and
Africans/African-Americans
 New religious sects (branches)- Baptists and
Methodist
 Helped lay the foundation for the American
Revolution
What to expect on Test Day:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
You will have the first 20 minutes to look over your
study guides and get some last minute studying donehere is your opportunity to ask me any last minute
questions
I will collect the study guides from everyone
You will be given a test packet and an answer sheet
On the answer sheet you will sign the honor code and
begin working
When you finish your test you will place it on my desk
and pick up vocabulary to work on
Important Test information
 For those students who score below an 80% on the test
you will be required to do a remediation activity
 THIS IS AN EXTRA ASSIGNMENT THAT MUST BE
COMPLETED!!!!
 It is to your benefit to study as much as possible and do
your best on the test!!!!