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DARK AGES –
Rise and fall of empire's
Crusades
Wars
And most destructive…
 1300’s – 1/3 of population of Europe died
 Began in Asia by traveling on trade routes
through the Muslim world and Europe (fleas on
rats)
 Effects of Plague:
 Trade declined
 Population declined
 Church suffered because prayers
failed
 Jews blamed and pushed out
Of towns and homes.
» SS-HS-5.3.1 Students will explain how humans
began to rediscover the ideas of the Classical
Age (e.g., humanism, developments in art and
architecture, literature, political theories) and
to question their place in the universe during
the Renaissance and Reformation. DOK 2
» I can identify and explain Renaissance advances
in architecture and engineering, painting,
sculpture, literature, science, and mathematics..
» I can discuss the factors that made Florence an
important cultural center during the
Renaissance.
» I can explain how various advances made
during the Renaissance reflect humanist
thinking and ideals.
» Renaissance is a French word meaning
“Rebirth”.
» The Renaissance was a cultural awakening that
began in Italy and spread throughout Western
Europe.
» It lasted from 1350 until 1600.
» Before the Renaissance, Europe was in the Dark
Ages.
» The Crusades helped bring Europe out of the
Dark Ages. – HOW?
» Section 2, What Was the Renaissance?, in your
Student Text provides background information
on the causes of the Renaissance.
» Read the section and then complete Part 1 of
the Reading Notes by filling in the cause-andeffect chart in your notebook.
» As you read the subsection in your book
entitled “Exploring the Rebirth of Classical Ideas
Through Art,” fill in the first two rows of the
matrix below.
» Part 3
» Once your teacher projects Visual B, examine
the three images and fill in the this chart by
doing the following.
» Decide in which period each artwork was
created. Write the period and letter of each
work in the correct row.
» List three or more characteristics from Section 2
that led you to your decision.
» LET’s Practice – what are the following pictures?
»CLASSICAL
»MEDIEVAL oR
RENAISSANCE
»AND WHY?
RENAISSANCE
MEDIEVAL
CLASSICAL
» This fishbone diagram is used to show several
causes for one effect. Follow the directions in
the last question for each section to complete
this diagram about some different events or
developments that led to the start of the
Renaissance.
» 1. In the 13th century,
Mongol conquests
made it safe to travel
along the Silk Road.
Marco Polo’s travels
sparked a greater
interest in the East, and
helped encourage the
transport of food, art,
and luxury goods along
the trade route.
2. An increase in trade led to a new, money
economy. It also helped craftspeople, merchants,
and bankers become more important in society.
3. Factor: The Growth of Trade and Commerce
Merchants and bankers grew wealthy and could
afford to pay for new buildings and art to beautify
their cities. Growing trade meant that more
classical texts, art, and artifacts were passed along
trade routes, sparking interest in classical culture.
» Their wealth encouraged a
growth in art and learning.
Rich families supported
(called patrons) the
creation of art, new
buildings, and centers of
learning, such as
universities and hospitals.
» 1. Italian city-states were
powerful cities in
Renaissance Italy that
ruled the surrounding
towns and countryside.
They were independent
and were often republics
governed by elected
councils. Sometimes, in
reality, they were ruled by
rich merchants, guilds, or
powerful families like the
Medici
» 2. Because of their
central
Mediterranean
location, Italian citystates became major
centers of trade and
business.
» Section 5
» 1. Renaissance
humanists believed that
people could shape
their own lives and
achieve great things.
» 2. Renaissance
humanists studied
classical art,
architecture,
government, history,
poetry, and language.
» 3. The Church taught that laws
were made by God and
required people to follow its »
teachings without question. It
»
also emphasized life after
death as opposed to life on
Earth. Renaissance humanists
believed that people should
question everything, and tried
to balance religious faith with
an active interest in human
existence.
Factor: The Growth of
Humanism
4. People began to change
their ideas about many things,
such as government, social
class, and religion. They tried
to improve upon the art,
architecture, and ideas of the
classical period, which led to
new discoveries, new ways of
studying things, and new
inventions in many areas of
life.
1. War – As they traveled to Jerusalem, the
crusades exposed Europeans to more
advanced civilizations and cultures.
2. Trade – Northern Europe merchants after a
while became successful enough to be able to
afford education, fine housing, and material
goods. They began to travel to Italy.
3. The Invention of the Printing Press – The
printing press spread knowledge among the
middle class. Gutenburg invented the
printing press. Books were produced more
quickly and less expensively.
» Famous banking family
in Florence that
controlled the city
(produced 4 popes)
» Cosimo –began the
political control and
wealthiest man in
Europe
» Lorenzo the
Magnificant –(grandson)
greatest patron of all –
Supported da Vinci
and Michaelangelo
» Writers started writing in their own vernacular
(own language) instead of Latin
» Wrote about self expression or indiviuals
instead of religion
» Petrach – father of Humanism
Italian poet
-
» Erasmus – wrote The
Praise of Folly which
poked fun at greedy
merchants
» Thomas More – wrote
Utopia -which is an
ideal place
» Italian poet that wrote Divine Comedy
considered the greatest literary work composed
in the Italian language and a masterpiece of
world literature.
» Father of Italian Language ,
» 1564-1616
Shakespeare
» Greatest writer in the English language
» Deep understanding of human beings
» Revered the classics – greatest tragedies – Julius
Caesar
» Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth
All the world's a stage,
and all the men and women merely players:
they have their exits and their entrances;
and one man in his time plays many parts
Shakespeare,
in love?
»
Good night, good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow,
That I shall say good night till it be morrow
O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?
Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love
And I'll no longer be a Capulet
To be, or not to be, that is the
question:
» Poet, philosopher,
diplomat
» Wrote The Prince – ruler
gains power and keeps it
– trick his enemy and his
own people
» Looks at imperfect
human conduct
» From this arises the
question whether it is
better to be loved or feared
or feared rather than loved.
It might perhaps be
answered that we should
be both: but since loved
and fear can hardly exist
together if we must choose
between them it is far safer
to be feared than loved
» A prince should make
himself feared in a
way that if he does
not gain love he at
any rate avoids hatred
» Machiavelli says that it is acceptable to be
immoral as long as stability and power are
maintained. Christian morality should only be
followed as long as it is the most prudent way
to stay in power, and should be abandoned if it
is not.
» A prince, though he should not be hated,
should use deception to rule his people.
However, he must appear to be the opposite of
devious, to win the goodwill of the people.
» Machiavelli suggests that humans are never
satisfied with what they have and that they will
willingly change their ruler, hoping for a better
one. He also says that humans judge by
physical appearance and attack one another if
they feel hatred or fear of the other person.
» Born in Vinci & lived in Florence Italy.
» Considered a Renaissance MAN – artist,
Inventor, mathematician, engineer, architect,
scientist
» In his notebook, he designed:
˃
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˃
˃
˃
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Parachute
Flying machine
Scuba gear
Tank
Theory of plate tectonics
Human anatomy
The Last Supper
The painting represents the last meal
shared by Jesus with his disciples before his
capture and death. It shows specifically the
moment when Jesus has said "one of you
will betray me"
The Mona Lisa
•Famous for her smile
•His paintings showed depth,
perspective,
distance, Nature, lifelike, realistic,
dramatic
landscape background MONA LISA
Perspective
Playing Around with Size and Distance
Investigating Aerial Perspective
» Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet and
engineer
» One of the greatest painters of all time
» Hired by Lorenzo de Medici
» The Divine Michelangelo
» 1499
» depicts the body of
Jesus on the lap of his
mother Mary after the
Crucifixion
» Balances Renaissance
with Classical beauty
» Located in the Vatican
• Made of all marble
• Statue of King David
» 1508–1512
» Pope Julius II
commissioned Mike
to paint the ceiling of
the Sistine Chapel
» 9 episodes from the
book of Genesis
» Commissioned
Michelangelo to paint
the ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel
» Pope from 1503-1513
» Nickname is “Terrible
pope”
• One of the most
famous images of the
world
• Painted on the Ceiling
of the Sistine Chapel
• Depicts God the
father breathing life
into the first man,
ADAM
» Donatello. 1386 –1466)
Renaissance Italian
artist and sculptor from
Florence. His "Sculpture
of David" was not only
the first bronze
sculpture, but also the
first free-standing,
nude statue of the
Renaissance. TMNT
» an Italian painter and
architect
» Together with
Michelangelo and
Leonardo da Vinci he
forms the trinity of
great masters of that
period.
» & The Renaissance Report