EARTH’S INTERIOR
Chapter 1 – Section 1
A. Exploring inside the Earth
Direct evidence
1.
a.
Rock samples
Indirect evidence
2.
a.
Seismic waves
B. Journey to the Center of Earth
Temperature
1.
Increases with depth (after 20 meters)
Results from-
a.
b.
a.
b.
formation of the earth
decay of radioactive materials
Pressure
2.
a.
b.
Increases with depth
Results from weight of rocks above
C. The Crust
The skin of the earth
Oceanic
1.
2.
a.
b.
c.
Thin
Dense
Rock - basalt
Continental
3.
a.
b.
c.
Thick
Less dense
Rock - granite
D. Mantle
Layer of hot solid rock
Lithosphere
1.
2.
a.
Upper mantle and crust
Asthenosphere
3.
a.
b.
Softer part of mantle
Bends/flows like plastic
Lower Mantle
4.
a.
b.
Solid
Extends to core
E. The Core
Made of iron and nickel
Outer Core
1.
2.
a.
b.
Molten (liquid) metal
Cause of Earth’s magnetic field
Inner Core
3.
a.
Solid metal
Answer in your Notebook



Questions 1-3 on page 13
AND
Questions 1-4 on page 12
Use complete sentences when answering the
questions.
Be sure to indicate what page number your
questions are from in your notebook.
Convection and the Mantle
Chapter 1 – Section 2
A. Types of Heat Transfer
Radiation
1.
a.
b.
c.
Transfer of energy through space
No direct contact
Sunlight , fire
Conduction
2.
a.
b.
Heat transfer within a material or between materials
Some of the heat transfer within the earth
Convection
3.
Heat transfer by the movement of fluids
Caused by the differences of temperature and
density of a fluid
a.
b.


Hotter = particles farther apart = less dense
Colder = particles closer together = more dense
B. Convection Currents
1.
Flow that transfers heat within a fluid
C. Convection Currents in Earth
1.
2.
Heat from core and mantle cause convection
currents within the mantle
Very Slowly within the solid mantle
Mantle simulation
Answer in your Notebook



Questions 1-3 on page 17
Use complete sentences for all questions!
Be sure to indicate what page number your
questions are from in your notebook.
Drifting Continents
Chapter 1 – Section 3
A. Continental Drift
Alfred Wegener – 1910
1.
Studied land features, fossils, and evidence of climate
change
Continental drift - all continents were once together in
a single landmass and have since drifted apart
Pangaea – “all lands”
a.
b.
c.
i.
300 million years ago
B. Evidence for Continental Drift
Land Features
1.
Mountain ranges
Coal fields
a.
b.
Fossils
2.
Similar organisms found on continents separated by
oceans
a.
i.
ii.
Glossopteris – Fernlike plant
Mesosaurus and Lystrosaurus – freshwater reptile
Climate
3.
Fossils of organisms from warmer climates support
movement of continents
a.
i.
ii.
b.
Equator = warm climate
Poles = colder climate
Evidence of glaciers indicate colder climate
C. Wegener’s Hypothesis Rejected
1.
2.
Idea rejected because he could not identify the
cause of continental drift
Continued his work and died in 1930 exploring
Greenland’s glacier