Chapter 8 - Reading Guide- Cell Reproduction
Name
Period
Date
Part A- Vocabulary: These are the vocab words for this unit, you are not required to write each definition, but there will
be a test over this reading guide including vocab
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Chromosome
Histones
Chromatid
Centromere
Chromatin
Sex chromosome
Autosome
Homologous
chromosome
Karyotype
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Diploid
Haploid
Binary fission
Mitosis
Asexual
reproduction
Meiosis
Gamete
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Prophase
Spindle fiber
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cell plate
Synapsis
Tetrad
Crossing-over
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Genetic
recombination
Independent
assortment
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Polar body
Sexual
reproduction
Part B- Reading Guide: Answer the following questions as you read through the chapter. The questions are in order, but
be sure to read any information in the margins. Be thorough in your answers. Try to answer in your own words (it will
help you learn more!).
1. The long thin molecule that stores genetic information is called what?
_____
2. In eukaryotic cells, during cell division, DNA is coiled into compact structures called? ___
_____
3. As a cell prepares to divide, its DNA coils around proteins called what? ______________________________
4. What is the function of these proteins? ________________________________________________________
5. Label the chromatid, centromere and DNA on the following diagram of a chromosome involved in cellular division:
What is a chromatid?
What is the function of the
centromere?
What is chromatin?
Does this diagram illustrate
chromatid or chromatin?
Why?
6. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism are called? _________________________________________
7. All other Chromosomes, except those that determine the sex of an organism, are called? ______________________
8. Every cell of an organism produced by sexual reproduction has _______ copies of each autosome. These are called
_________________________________________.
9. Chromosome numbers vary. Humans have ___________ chromosomes, gorillas have _________ chromosomes and
dogs have _________ chromosomes.
10. A photomicrograph of chromosomes that has been photographed, cut out and arranged by size and shape into pairs
is called a what? ________________________________________________________________________________
11. Cells having two sets of chromosomes are called what? ______________ _____ It’s abbreviation is ______________
12. Cells having one set of chromosomes are called what? ____________________ It’s abbreviation is ______________
13. Name two examples of the cells having only one set of chromosomes. _________________ and ________________
14. In prokaryotes the division of two identical cells from one cell is called what? _______________________________
15. In eukaryotes, there are two types of cellular division called ________________ and __________________________
16. The production of offspring from one parent is called what? _____________________________________________
17. The cell cycle consists of two different phases: _______________________ and ___ __________________________
18. Interphase consists of three different phases. In the table below, name each phase and what happens in each
phase:
Name of Phase:
What happens:
First Phase of Interphase
Second Phase of Interphase
Third Phase of Interphase
19. Cells can often exit the cell cycle. Their DNA is not copied and it does not prepare for cellular division. This state in
the cell cycle is called ___
_____. Which human cell undergoes this process when fully developed? ____________
20. Cell Division consists of two different phases: ____________________________ and ___ ______________________
21. Mitosis is divided into four phases. In the table below, list the four stages and what happens in each stage.
Name of Phase:
First Phase of Mitosis
Second Phase of Mitosis
Third Phase of Mitosis
Fourth Phase of Mitosis
Write the names of the
appropriate phases of
mitosis and cytokinesis
under the each picture:
What happens:
22. What is the function of spindle fibers? _______________________________________________________________
23. During what phase is the chromosome most visible? ___________________________________________________
24. During anaphase, the chromosome separate at the _____________________________________________________
25. In what phase does a nucleolus form in newly formed cells? _____________________________________________
26. The division of the cell’s cytoplasm is called what? _____________________________________________________
27. In animal cells, the area of the cell membrane that pinches in the form new cells is called the ___________________
28. In plant cells, cytokinesis happens when the Golgi apparatus joint together to form a __________________________
29. Cell division must be controlled. There are three different “checkpoints” which help to with this control. In the
table below, list the them and their functions (refer to Figure 8-10):
Name :
Where:
What happens:
First Checkpoint
Second Checkpoint
Third Checkpoint
30. When cell growth goes uncontrolled it could to lead to what? ____________________________________________
31. The process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes to half the number in the original cell is
called what? ____________________________________________________________________________________
32. Cells preparing to divide my meiosis undergo which phases of interphase? ___ _______________________________
33. Cells undergoing meiosis divides how many times? _____________________________________________________
34. The stages in the first cell division are called _________ and the stages of the second cell division is called ________
35. During meiosis I, many things are similar to mitosis. There are some differences though. During Prophase I of
meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up in a process called ________________. Each pair of homologous
chromosomes is called a __________________ meaning what word in Greek ________________________________
36. Also during Prophase I, portions of chromosomes may break off and attach to adjacent chromatids on the
homologous chromosome. This process is called ____________________ When is process happens, _________
______________________________________________________ results because new genetic coding has occurred.
37. During Anaphase I, the random separation of the homologous chromosomes is called ________________________
38. Meiosis occurs in _____________ reproductive cells. Meiosis I results in two _________________. Meiosis II results
in _________________ haploid offspring cells.
39. The production of male gametes, sperm cells, is called __________________________________________________
40. The production of female gametes, egg cells, is called _________________. During this process only one egg cell is
produced. The other products that will degenerate are called ____________________________________________
41. The production of offspring through meiosis and the union of sperm and egg is called _________________________
42. Name the different stages of MEIOSIS I and MEIOSIS II in the diagram:
What process is happening here?
Is there DNA replication between the
divisions?
What is happening here?