Photosynthesis
In Pg. 58
• What is Photosynthesis? What do you
remember from middle school?
• Extra Credit if you know the
photosynthetic equation (25 pts) No you
do not have to write this as I guess you are
wondering.
Pg. 58 Do it now
• How many parts of the cell can you
remember?
Title Page
1. Write the topic for
the unit in the middle
of the paper and box
it in.
2. Divide the paper
into 3 equal sections.
3. Put a subtopic/key
word in each section.
4. Add an appropriate
picture to each
section(no stick
figures).
5. Each section must
have 3 different
colors(black and
white don’t count).
Don’t use the same 3
colors for 2 different
sections.
59
Use page 186 and draw
and label both the plant
and animal cell parts.
Unit 4: Photosynthesis
and Cellular
Respiration
Use page 229
and draw and
label the
Calvin Cycle
Use page 233
and draw
and label the
Citric acid
cycle.
Do it again Pg. 58
• Can you figure out any differences
between plant and animal cells?
Out Pg. 58
• Why do you think plant cells have to
remain rigid?
• Have a great weekend!
IN pg.60
• Why is the mitochondria called
the power house of the cell?
Do it now Pg. 60
E.12.B.1 http://www.rpdp.net/sciencetips_v2/E12B1.htm
What do the ribosomes do?
Notes Pg.61 Cells
Must Be Cornell
Style!
Cells
Structure
&
Function
What is the Cell Theory?
• All living things are composed of cells.
• Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things
• All cells come from preexisting cells.
Who were the Pioneers of
Cell Biology?
• Anton van
Leewenhoek 1600’s
• Dutch Biologist.
• First person to
invent and use a
microscope.
• Examined and drew
small organisms in
pond water.
Who was Robert Hooke?
English scientist
Looked at plant cells
Used Leewenhoek’s
mircoscope.
Coined the term “cell”
The Following Slides are just of
cells.
• If you would like to sketch quickly you
can.
• You don’t have to write anything just pay
attention.
• Some of the slides may be very similar it is
O.K. don’t worry. I did it on purpose.
What is Cell Structure?
• 3 Basic structures of both animals and
plant cells.
– Cell Membrane
– Nucleus
– Cytoplasm
What is the Cell Membrane?
• Function: Separates
cells from
surroundings.
• Regulate what
enters and leaves
the cell.
• Serves as a
protective barrier.
• Semi-permeable
membrane.
Cell Membrane a closer look
What is the Cell Wall?
• Found in plant cells not
animal cells.
• Helps to maintain rigid
structure in plants
• 3 types of cells in plants
dictated by cell wall
thickness
– Parenchyma,
Colenchyma,
Sclarenchyma
Cell Walls a closer look
Cell Wall
What is the Nucleus?
• Function: Direct all
cell activities.
• Contains DNA of
the cell.
• DNA is the genetic
code of life.
• Houses the
nucleolus.
What is the Nucleus?
• Eukaryotes – are organisms with a
nucleus. They have the DNA bound in the
nucleus.
• The Nucleus is a double membrane bound
organelle.
What are Prokaryotes?
•
•
•
•
•
Were the first cells
Do not have a nucleus
Do not have membrane bound DNA.
Are mostly bacteria.
If your mother has spoken about germs
she is speaking about prokaryotes or
bacteria.
What is the Nucleolus?
• Contains a small
region made up of
RNA.
• It makes Ribosomes.
• Aide in the
production of
protein.
What is the Nuclear
Envelope?
• Surrounds nucleus
and protects it.
• Has two membranes
• It is a selectively
permeable
membrane.
What is the Cytoplasm?
• The cytoplasm is the area between the
nucleus and the cell membrane.
• The cytoplasm contains many important
structures.
• The cytoplasm is a jelly like structure that
all of the organelles swim in.
What is the Mitochondria?
Mitochondria continued no new
question.
•
•
•
•
•
Power house of the cell.
Function is to make energy for the cell.
It makes energy in the form of A.T.P.
Contains two special membranes.
The membranes double the surface area.
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
What are Chloroplasts?
• Capture light energy from the sun and
turn it into chemical energy for the plant.
• It is one of the key players in
photosynthesis if not the key player in
photosynthesis.
• If not for this organelle life as we know it
on earth might not exist!!!!
Ribosomes
What are Ribosome?
Structure in which proteins are made.
Composed of RNA and protein.
Among the smallest of organelles.
Very small organelle 25 nanometers in
diameter.
• Found floating free in the cytoplasm or
attached to the E.R.
•
•
•
•
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the E.R.?
• Two types:
– Smooth
– Rough
• Function
– Transport materials through the cell.
– Smooth = in some cells stores special
chemicals or enzymes.
– Rough = Carries enzymes.
What is the Golgi?
What is the Golgi?
• Discovered by the Italian scientist –
Camillo Golgi.
• Function – to modify proteins and
carbohydrates.
• Helps in packaging molecules.
• Collects things in the cell.
• Helps in the distribution of things around
the cell.
What are the Lysosomes?
What are the Lysosomes?
• Function in the cleaning of the cell.
• Whenever one organelle is not working
the way it should the lysosome gets rid of
it.
• They are much like the clean up crew.
Vacuoles
What are the Vacuoles?
• Storage space in plant cells for plant waste
products.
• Plants store wastes for the entire year and
then get rid of them when fall arrives.
• Yes that is right the plant only goes to the
bathroom once a year!!!!! 
Plastids
What are the Plastids?
• Function in photosynthesis.
• Involved in food storage.
• 3 types:
– Chloroplast
– Chromoplasts
– Leukoplasts
What are the Types of
Plastids?
What is the Cytoskeleton?
•
•
•
•
Framework of the cell.
Made of microfilaments.
Help support cell.
In some instances helps the cell to move.
– Cilia
– Flagella
Cytoskeleton:
Do it again Pg. 60
E.12.B.1
http://www.rpdp.net/sciencetips_v2/E12B1.htm
What is the advantage for plants in having
a cell wall?
Out Pg. 60 for75 pts
• Venn Diagram Plant cell and
Animal cell.
IN Pg. 62
• List three cell organelles found only
in a plant cell and explain what they
do.
• Answer in Blue, Black or Pencil.
Do it now Pg.62
E.12.B.2 http://www.rpdp.net/sciencetips_v2/E12B2.htm
What is the function of the
Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Compound Light Microscope Pg. 63
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
4X, 10x, 40x
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
Compound Microscope
In: pg. 64
• All algae are single celled
protists that live in water.
Protists may be
photosynthetic like
plants or non
photosynthetic like
animals. This is a picture
of a algae called
Orphyridium versitile.
1. Is this algae unicellular
or multicellular?
2. What are the round,
green structures inside
the algae?
3. Does this algae do
photosynthesis?
Do it Again Pg. 64
• What are three parts of the microscope
and their functions?
Energy in Living Things
Pg. 65
Cornell notes
Energy is transformed in biological
systems
• Energy is transformed (changed into
different forms) in living things all the
time.
– For example, the chemical energy in food is
transformed into the movement of your
muscles.
– Plants take the radiant energy from the sun
and turn it into chemical energy when they
make food in photosynthesis.
• Any time energy is transformed, most of it
is “lost” to the environment as heat.
How does the cell get
energy?
• The cell gets energy from carbon
containing compounds-Mostly from the
sugar, glucose (C6H12O6).
• Glucose is a high energy molecule. When
the bonds in it are broken, energy is
released.
What is photosynthesis?
• The process in which glucose is made from the
sun’s energy.
• Anaerobic process(Does not need oxygen!)
• Occurs in the chloroplast.
• Carbon dioxide+water+lightglucose+oxygen
• 6CO2+6H2O+lightC6H12O6+6O2
• The glucose from photosynthesis then enters cell
respiration or fermentation.
What is ATP?
• ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate.
• When glucose is present…
– ATP bonds made= energy stored.
energy
Adenosine
P-
P-
P-
• When the cell needs energy
– ATP bonds broken= energy released for use
energy
Adenosine
P-
P-
ADP-Adenosine diphosphate+ P
P-
ATP-Adenosine triphosphate
• ATP is the energy
“currency of the
cell”
ATP
Which would you use to buy a
Slurpee at 7-11?
Glucose
ATP
• If you converted 10,000 dollars to quarters,
you would get 40,000 quarters
• If you converted one glucose molecule to
ATP you would get about 36 ATPs
• Glucose is not usable by the cells, ATP is, so
glucose must be broken down and the energy
stored in smaller “quantities” in ATP.
• ATP is then stored in the cell and broken
apart as needed to release energy for cell
functions.
How does a photosynthetic
organism make ATP?
Photosynthesis
Glucose
No oxygen present
(anaerobic)
Fermentation
ATP
Oxygen present
(aerobic)
Respiration
ATP
How does a photosynthetic
organism make ATP?
Photosynthesis
Glucose
No oxygen present
(anaerobic)
Fermentation
ATP
Oxygen present
(aerobic)
Respiration
ATP
How does a non photosynthetic
organism make ATP?
Food
Glucose
No oxygen present
(anaerobic)
Fermentation
ATP
Oxygen present
(aerobic)
Respiration
ATP
What is fermentation?
• Uses glucose to make ATP if no oxygen is present
(anaerobic respiration)
• Occurs in the cytoplasm.
• Makes relatively little ATP
• Two types:
– Alcoholic fermentation
Glucose alcohol(ethanol)+carbon dioxide+2ATP
C6H12O6 C2H5OH + 2CO2+ 2ATP
– Lactic acid fermentation
Glucose lactic acid+2ATP
C6H12O6  2 C3H5OOH + 2ATP
What is cell respiration?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Uses glucose to make ATP
Aerobic Respiration (Needs oxygen!)
Occurs in the mitochondria.
Glucose+oxygen water+carbon dioxide+ATP
C6H12O6+6O26H2O+6CO2+ 36ATP + HEAT
Makes much more ATP than fermentation!
Thru 2
3 Column Vocab
Pg 66
1. Chloroplast
2. Mitochondria
3. (ATP)Adenosine
triphosphate
4. Chlorophyll
5. Photosynthesis
Pg 67
6. Aerobic respiration
7. Anaerobic respiration
8. Alcoholic fermentation
9. Lactic acid fermentation
10. Cellular respiration
Do it again Pg. 64
• What is ATP and What does it do for the
cell and really what does it do for you?
Out Pg. 64
• How is ATP Made?
Out-write A-G on your paper and place the word that
would correctly fill in the blank on the concept map
next to each letter
Photosynthetic Organisms
Photosynthetic
Organisms
Non-
A
B
No oxygen present
(____D_______)
C
Oxygen present
(_____E______)
F
G
ATP
ATP
Thru 1- Pg 105
Energy Layer Book
Fermentation
Cell Respiration Photosynthesis
Type of Cell
Type of Cell
Type of Cell
Location in Cell
Location in Cell
Location in Cell
Equation
Equation
Equation
Reactants
Reactants
Reactants
Wanted
Products
Wanted
Products
Wanted
Products
Waste Products Waste Products Waste Products
Summary
Summary
Summary
1.
2.
3.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fold 4 sheets of paper to create a flipbook.
Label the first flap in each column with the name of an
energy process.
Label the flaps as listed below and fill in the
appropriate info in the space below the flap.
Type of Organisms -does the process occur in plant,
animals or both?
Location in Cell - what organelle or part of the cell
does the process occur in?
Reactants- What compounds are the raw materials of
the reaction.
Equation-write the balanced equation for the reaction.
Wanted Products -list the products that the cell keeps.
Waste Products - list the products that the cell does not
keep.
Summary -summarize the entire process. Include
definition of the process and include all the steps of
the process and a brief overview of what happens
during each.
Out
Using a double bubble map, compare and contrast
photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Cellular
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Differences
Similarities
Differences
old stuff
• Put one spoonful of baking soda in the plastic
bag.
• Put one medicine cup of vinegar in the plastic
bag.
• Seal the bag immediately and massage the bag
to mix the 2 substances.
1. What happened after you mixed the 2
substances?
2. How do you explain this?