Exam Review Sheet: 2013
Psychology
Name:_________________________________
1. Summarize the main ideas of all the following approaches.
Functionalism -
Structuralism__________________Modern Approaches_________________
Psychoanalytic-
Behaviorism-
Social Learning –
Humanism-
Cognitive-
Evolutionary –
Biological-
Socio-Cultural-
2. Explain what Gestalt Psychologists focus on?
3. Summarize all you know about Carl Rogers and his contributions to Psychology.
4. Explain the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrists.
5. Define the following:
a. Industrial Organizational Psychologist
b. School Psychologist
c. Educational Psychologist
d. Developmental Psychologist
e. Forensic Psychologist
6. Summarize Freud’s theory of personality. Be sure to include the definition of all the parts of personality.
7. Explain two methods Freud used in psychoanalysis to tap into his clients’ unconscious.
8. Both define and give examples
a. Operant Conditioning
b. Extinction
c. Discrimination
d. Spontaneous recovery
e. Shaping
f.
Chaining
g. Fixed interval schedule of reinforcement
h. Variable interval schedule of reinforcement
i.
Fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement
j.
Variable ratio schedule of reinforcement
9.Define all the following five components of classical conditioning:
UCS  UCR
NS + UCS UCR (this step is repeated)
CS CR
1. UCS –
2. UCR –
3. NS –
4. CS –
5. CR 10. Think of Pavlov’s work with dogs and classical conditioning, plug in the details of his classic experiment into
the formula below.
UCS _________________________________ UCR____________________________________
NS _________________________________+ UCS________________________________ UCR ___________________________________

(the NS b/c the CS) CS_______________________________ (the UCR b/c the CR) CR _________________________________
11. Define the following personality vocabulary:
a. Reality principle
b. Pleasure principle
c. Self-efficacy
d. Trait
e. Common trait
f.
Individual trait
g. Cardinal trait
h. Central traits
i.
Surface traits
j.
Inferiority complex
k. Archetype
l.
Collective unconscious
12. Explain the difference between Electra complex and Oedipal complex?
13. Define asynchrony and give an example.
14. Summarize all the developmental reflexes if infants.
Review all the developmental theorists: list all stages and the details of each stage (including ages).
Piaget
Freud
Kolhberg
Erikson
15. Summarize Adler’s theory of personality.
16. Explain the difference between a projective and self-report personality test. Which is most common?
17. Summarize the characteristics of the following:
a. TAT
b. Rorschach
c. MMPI-2
d. NEO-PI
e. 16 PF
18. List the significant characteristics of Stage 4 sleep.
19. What is paradoxical sleep and explain two reasons why it is called that.
20. Explain how a nightmare differs from a night terror.
Summarize all the details of the major sleep and dream theories from chapter 7.
Freud
Kleitman
Hall
ActivationInformationSynthesis
Processing
Evolutionary
21. In what stage of sleep do most dreams and nightmares occur?
22. Summarize circadian rhythms and explain why travel can disrupt it.
23. Explain the difference between narcolepsy and sleep apnea.
24. Define each broad category of drugs and list three specific examples of each
Depressants
Narcotics
Stimulants
DefinitionDefinitionDefinition-
Hallucinogens
Definition-
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
25. Define each treatment below: specifically explain what is being done and why it is being used.
Prefrontal Lobotomy
ECT
rTMS
26. Define all the 7 categories of DSM-IV disorders, as well as all list all specific disorders that fall within
each category. You are expected to know all the definitions of the disorders on the exam!
Anxiety
Somatoform Dissociative
Mood
Psychotic
Personality Developmental
Disorders
Disorders
Disorders
Disorders
Disorders
Disorders
Disorders
27. Explain what a mental disorder is.
28. Summarize the Behaviorists perspective on causes of mental disorders.
29. Summarize in detail how neurotransmitters and what neurotransmitter(s) are believed to affect the cause of
mental disorders (focus the three categories listed below). In addition describe how psychopharmacotherapy is
used to alleviate the problem in each of the specific disorder category listed below.
A. Anxiety –
B. Mood-
Some anti-depressant drugs work mainly by elevating the levels of______________________
C. Psychotic –
Some anti-psychotic drugs work mainly by lowering the levels of______________________
30. What is the DSM-IV and why is it used?
31. What is psychopharmacotherapy?
32. What is Tardive Dyskinesia? What disorder is most commonly linked with?
33. List two positive symptoms of schizophrenia and list two negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
34. What is the difference between a hallucination and a delusion?
35. What are the basic symptoms of a somatoform disorder?
35. What is a common explanation found among people suffering from a dissociative disorder? (hint = childhood)
36. Explain the details and sypmtoms of someone suffering from the following:
A. Paranoid personality disorder-
B. Antisocial personality disorder-
37. Explain the difference between OCD (Axis I - Anxiety Disorder) and OCPD (Axis II – Personality Disorder)
38. What is the diathesis-stress model?