• SSWH16 The student will demonstrate an understanding of long-term causes of World War I and its global impact.
• a. Identify the causes of the war; include Balkan nationalism, entangling alliances, and militarism.
• b. Describe conditions on the war front for soldiers; include the
Battle of Verdun.
• c. Explain the major decisions made in the Versailles Treaty; include
German reparations and the mandate system that replaced Ottoman control.
• d. Analyze the destabilization of Europe in the collapse of the great empires; include the Romanov and Hapsburg dynasties.

• WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT WORLD
WAR I?

• http://www.watchknowlearn.org/Video.aspx?VideoID=36611&CategoryID=3903

• World War I ( WWI ) was a global war centred in Europe
• 1914 – 1918
• AKA , Great War
• involved all the world's great powers
• two opposing alliances
• 1. the Allies (formerly the Triple Entente of the United
Kingdom, France and Russia )
• 2. the Central Powers (formerly Triple Alliance of
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
• These alliances were both reorganized and expanded as more nations entered the war: Italy, Japan and the
United States joined the Allies, and the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria the Central Powers

• M
• A
• I
• N
• MILITARISM
• ALLIANCES
• IMPERIALISM
• NATIONALISM

• WHAT IS MILITARISM?
• BUILDING UP ALL PARTS OF MILITARY
• COMPETITION BETWEEN GREAT
POWERS

• ALLIED POWERS V. CENTRAL POWERS
• UK, FR, RU V. GER, AU-HUN, BUL, OE
• RECALL, ITALY SWITCHED SIDES

• TRIPLE ENTENTE
• LATER, ALLIED
POWERS
• UNITED KINGDOM, GB
• FRANCE
• RUSSIA (RUSSIAN
EMPIRE)
• SERBIA
• JAPAN
• UNITED STATES
• ITALY
• TRIPLE ALLIANCE
• LATER, CENTRAL
POWERS
• GERMANY
• AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
• ITALY
• OTTOMAN EMPIRE
• BULGARIA
• (ALL EMPIRES, SOME
EXCEPTIONS, ITALY
SWITCHED PRIOR TO
OUTBREAK OF WAR)

• GREAT POWERS SET UP COLONIES IN
AFRICA AND ASIA FOR RESOURCES
AND DOMINANCE.
• WEALTH, DOMINANCE RESULTED IN
LARGER MILITARIES
• ALL THE “MAIN”S ARE CONNECTED.

• LOYALITY TO ONE’S COUNTRY,
NATION; DEVOTION TO HISTORY,
CULTURE, LAND, ETHNICITY
• BALKAN NATIONALISM

• Geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe
• Many linguistic families meet in the region, including the Slavic , Romance , Hellenic ,
Albanian , and Turkic language families
• The main religion is Orthodox Christianity , followed by Catholic Christianity and Sunni
Islam

• Balkanization
• describes the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other

• IMMEDIATE CAUSE:
• ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANZ
FERDINAND, HEIR TO THE THRONE OF
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
• BY WHOM? GAVRILO PRINCIP, FROM
SERBIA; HE WAS A SERBIAN TERRORIST
AND MEMBER OF THE BLACK HAND
• BLACK HAND SUPPORTED A “GREATER
SERBIA” AND EXPANSION OF A LARGER
SLAVIC STATE

• Trench warfare begins (1914 –1915)
• STALEMATE!!!
• Barbed wire was a significant hindrance to massed infantry advances
• Artillery , vastly more lethal than in the 1870s, coupled with machine guns , made crossing open ground extremely difficult
• The Germans were the first to use lethal poison gas on a large scale; it soon became used by both sides, though it never proved decisive in winning a battle. Its effects were brutal, causing slow and painful death, and poison gas became one of the most-feared and best-remembered horrors of the war
•
Commanders on both sides failed to develop tactics for breaching entrenched positions without heavy casualties. In time, however, technology began to produce new offensive weapons, such as the tank
• The Battle of Verdun , 1916, one of the major battles during the First World
War on the Western Front
• French victory

• According to contemporary estimates, Verdun resulted in 714,231 casualties, 377,231 on the
French side and 337,000 on the German one, an average of 70,000 casualties for each of the ten months of the battle
• It was the longest and one of the most devastating battles in the First World War and the history of warfare. Modern estimates increase the number of casualties to 976,000. In any case most of these casualties had been inflicted upon both sides by artillery rather than by small arms fire.

• THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
• SETTLED BY THE “BIG 4” (IT, USA, FR, UK)
• one of the peace treaties at the end of World
War I
• ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers
• SIGNED 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I were dealt with in separate treaties
• PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
• most important and controversial required Germany to accept responsibility for causing the war
• SEE HANDOUTS FOR HIGHLIGHTS
AND RESULTS OF TREATY

• MANDATE SYSTEM
• mandate, an authorization granted by the
League of Nations to a member nation to govern a former German or Turkish colony.
The territory was called a mandated territory, or mandate

• Following the defeat of Germany and Ottoman
Turkey in World War I , their Asian and African possessions were distributed among the victorious Allied powers under the authority of
Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of
Nations
• (League of Nations, an organization for international cooperation established at the initiative of the victorious Allied Powers at the end of World War I [LIKE THE UNITED
NATIONS OF TODAY])

• THREE MANDATES
• Class A- Consisted of the former Turkish provinces of Iraq , Syria , Lebanon , and Palestine,
FOR GREAT BRITAIN AND FRANCE
• Class B-Consisted of the former German-ruled
African colonies, FOR GREAT BRITAIN,
FRANCE, AND BELGIUM
• Class C- consisted of various former Germanheld territories in Africa, south, and the Pacific,
FOR SOUTH AFRICA, GREAT BRITAIN, NEW
ZEALAND, AUSTRALIA, AND JAPAN

• SEE HANDOUT.
• IMPORTANT!!!!
• 1)FALL OF EMPIRES AND DYNASTIES
• GERMAN EMPIRE (HOHENZOLLERN)
• RUSSIAN EMPIRE (ROMANOV)
• AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN (HAPSBURG)
• 2)INSTABILITY OF EUROPE
• 3)MAP OF EUROPE CHANGES