US History State Test Skills
Amendments
1. Freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly
2. Right to have a gun
3. No keeping soldiers in private homes
4. Search and seizures, warrants
5. Due process, self-incrimination
6. Rights of the accused, right to a speedy trial
7. Trial by jury
8. Reasonable bail, no cruel and unusual punishment
9. Rights not listed retained by the people
10. Powers reserved to the states or to the people
Amendments
11. States can’t be sued by foreign governments
12. Changed presidential election procedures
13. End of slavery
14. Citizenship for African Americans
15. Voting for African Americans
16. Federal income tax
17. Direct election of senators
18. Alcohol illegal
19. Women get to vote
20. Set term beginnings for Congress and President (dates)
Amendments
21. Alcohol legal again
22. President limited to two terms
23. Representation of Washington, DC in Electoral College
24. End of poll taxes
25.Presidential disabilities
26.Voting age set at 18
27. Variance of congressional compensation
• Show “I Love Lucy”
• Music of Vietnam
Continents
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
North America
South America
Antarctica
Europe
Asia
Africa
Australia
Northeastern USA = Big Cities and
Industrialization
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Maine (Augusta)
New Hampshire (Concord)
Vermont (Montpelier)
Massachusetts (Boston)
Connecticut (Hartford)
New York (Albany)
New Jersey (Trenton)
Pennsylvania (Harrisburg)
Rhode Island (Providence)
Northeastern USA = Big Cities and
Industrialization
• Tenements (nasty, unsafe apartments)
• Child labor
• Unsafe working conditions
• Political machines
• Factories
• Before the IR, people made stuff at home. After the IR,
factories made stuff.
• Immigration
Child Labor
• Children worked in factories
• Long shifts (6 am to 9 pm)
• Hot, dirty conditions
• Many became ill or crippled
• Some were as young as 6
Photographs of Lewis Hine,
Muckraker
Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Said, "Yes I want to
learn but can't when I work all the time." Been in the mills 4
years, 3 years in the Olympia Mill. Columbia, SC
One of the spinners in Whitnel Cotton Mill. Has been in the
mill one year. Makes 48 cents a day. When asked how old she
was, she hesitated, then said, "I don't remember."
Tony, age 11, been selling 4 years. Sells sometimes until 10 p.m.
His paper told me the boy had shown him the marks on his arm
where his father had bitten him for not selling more papers.
View of the Ewen Breaker of the Pa. Coal Co. The dust was so
dense at times as to obscure the view. The dust penetrated the
boys' lungs. A kind of slave-driver sometimes stands over the
boys, prodding or kicking them into obedience. S. Pittston, Pa.
Oyster shuckers working in a canning factory. All but the very smallest
babies work. Began work at 3:30 a.m. and expected to work until 5
p.m.
Hiram Pulk, age 9, working in a canning company. "I ain't very fast
only about 5 boxes a day. They pay about 5 cents a box," he said.
Eastport, Me.
Picking nuts in dirty basement. The dirtiest imaginable children were
pawing over the nuts. Mother had a cold and blew her nose frequently
(without washing her hands) and the dirty handkerchiefs reposed
comfortably on table close to the nuts.
Fish cutters. In front, Byron Hamilton, 7, has a badly cut finger. Behind
him is his brother George, 11, who cut his finger half off. Ralph, left,
displays his knife and a badly cut finger. They said they were always
cutting themselves. Some say they earn a $1 when they work all day.
They start at 7 a.m. and work all day until midnight.
Factory system
Division of Labor
• Each worker
performs a
specific task along
the assembly line
Immigration
Southern USA = Jim Crow Laws
and Segregation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Delaware (Dover)
Maryland (Annapolis)
Virginia (Richmond)
West Virginia (Charleston)
Kentucky (Frankfort)
North Carolina (Raleigh)
South Carolina (Columbia)
Tennessee (Nashville)
Florida (Tallahassee)
Georgia (Atlanta)
Mississippi (Jackson)
Alabama (Montgomery)
Arkansas (Little Rock)
Louisiana (Baton Rouge)
Oklahoma (Oklahoma City)
Texas (Austin)
Southern USA = Jim Crow Laws
and Segregation
• “Separate but equal”
• Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the
segregation of public schools, public places and
public transportation, and the segregation of
restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for
whites and blacks.
• The U.S. military was also segregated.
• Poll taxes, grandfather clause, literacy tests
Midwestern US = Great Plains and
Farming
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ohio (Columbus)
Indiana (Indianapolis)
Michigan (Lansing)
Wisconsin (Madison)
Illinois (Springfield)
Minnesota (St. Paul)
Iowa (Des Moines)
Missouri (Jefferson City)
North Dakota (Bismarck)
South Dakota (Pierre)
Nebraska (Lincoln)
Kansas (Topeka)
Midwestern US = Great Plains and
Farming
• Dust Bowl
• Great Depression
• Wheat
Dust Bowl video clips:
http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe
30s/water_02.html
Use FireFox
Presidents of the US After 1860
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
16 Abraham Lincoln
17 Andrew Johnson
18 Ulysses S. Grant
19 Rutherford B. Hayes
20 James Garfield
21 Chester Arthur
22 Grover Cleveland
23 Benjamin Harrison
24 Grover Cleveland
25 William McKinley
26 Theodore Roosevelt
27 William Taft
28 Woodrow Wilson
29 Warren Harding
30 Calvin Coolidge
31 Herbert Hoover
32 Franklin D Roosevelt
33 Harry S Truman
34 Dwight Eisenhower
35 John F Kennedy
36 Lyndon Johnson
37 Richard Nixon
38 Gerald Ford Jr
39 James Carter
40 Ronald Reagan
41 George Walker Bush
42 William Clinton
43 George W. Bush
44 Barack Obama
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln
• First President to be assassinated
• He was the tallest President at 6 feet, 4 inches.
• Lincoln, one week before his death, had a
dream of someone crying in the White House.
He asked who had passed away. The man said
the President. When he looked in the coffin it
was his own face he saw.
Andrew Johnson
Johnson
• He finished out Lincoln’s term.
• Was an indentured servant. Ran away,
breaking his contract.
• Never went to school, taught himself to
read.
• Died of cholera.
Ulysses Grant
Grant
• Transcontinental railroad was completed.
• Nickname: “Unconditional Surrender”
• Commander of the Union forces during the
Civil War
Rutherford Hayes
Hayes
• Valedictorian of his college
• Wounded four times in the Civil War
• First President to have a phone in the
White House
James Garfield
Garfield
•
Shot twice in the stomach.
•
No anesthesia.
•
The first doctor gave him brandy and spirits of ammonia, causing the president to vomit.
•
Then a doctor inserted a metal probe into the wound, turning it slowly, searching for the bullet.
The probe became stuck, and was removed only with great difficulty. Then he inserted his
finger into the wound, widening the hole in another unsuccessful probe. It was decided to move
Garfield to the White House for further treatment.
•
Sixteen doctors tried to help. Most probed the wound with their fingers or dirty instruments.
Though the president complained of numbness in the legs and feet, which implied the bullet
was lodged near the spinal cord, most thought it was resting in the abdomen. The president's
condition weakened under the heat and humidity of the Washington summer combined with
mosquitoes. It was decided to move him by train to the New Jersey seashore.
•
Doctors reopened the wound and enlarged it hoping to find the bullet. They were unsuccessful.
•
By the time Garfield died, his doctors had turned a three-inch-deep, harmless wound into a
twenty-inch-long contaminated gash stretching from his ribs to his groin and oozing more pus
each day. He lingered for eighty days, wasting away from his robust 210 pounds to a mere 130
pounds. Clawing at his chest he moaned, "This pain, this pain," while suffering a major heart
attack. The president died a few minutes later.
Chester Arthur
Arthur
• Man of fashion
• Died of kidney disease after leaving White
House
Grover Cleveland
Cleveland
• Only President to get married in the White
House
• Died of old age
Cleveland
• When Grover Cleveland was the Democratic nominee
for President in 1884, reports surfaced that the
unmarried politician had fathered an illegitimate child.
Even the mom didn't know who little Oscar's father was;
the boy had been named after Cleveland because he
was the only unmarried possibility. Cleveland paid child
support for many years.
• Cleveland won. When Republicans chanted at
Cleveland's rallies, "Ma, Ma, where's my pa?"
Democrats would respond, "Off to the White House, ha,
ha, ha!“
Benjamin Harrison
Harrison
• His grandfather was President
Grover Cleveland, again
William McKinley
McKinley
• Former teacher
• Assassinated; died eight days later
Theodore Roosevelt
T. Roosevelt
• The teddy bear is named after him.
• Maxwell House coffee once asked the President
what he thought of their product. He
responded: "It’s good to the last drop". Sound
familiar?
• Once while preparing to give a speech, a man
attempted to assassinate Roosevelt, and shot
him with a pistol at nearly point blank
range. Roosevelt finished the lengthy speech
before visiting a hospital.
William Taft
Taft
• He got stuck in the
White House bath
tub, and had a
special tub built just
for him.
• Supposedly, he
invented the 7th
inning stretch at
ball games.
Woodrow Wilson
Wilson
• Won re-election with the slogan, “He kept
us out of war!”
• When told the senate wanted to keep the
US out of the League of Nations, he said,
“Dare we reject it and break the heart of
the world?”
Warren Harding
Harding
• How did he die? Natural causes, negligent homicide,
suicide, or murder?
• Natural causes: he smoked, drank, and was overweight.
• Negligent homicide: he had the flu, and his doctor tried
purging his system with homemade remedies.
• Suicide: he was depressed because his political friends
had been caught up in corruption, and he might face
impeachment.
• Murder: many people wanted him silenced, because he
knew all the dirt on the major players.
• Official cause of death: stroke.
Calvin Coolidge
Coolidge
• He was very quiet, and didn’t do much.
• He was President during the Roaring Twenties.
• A young woman sitting next to Coolidge at a
dinner party told him she had bet she could get
at least three words of conversation from him.
• Without looking at her he quietly retorted, "You
lose."
Herbert Hoover
Hoover
• "We in America today are nearer to the
final triumph over poverty than ever before
in the history of any land."
• His election seemed to ensure prosperity.
Within months the stock market crashed,
and the Nation spiraled downward into
depression.
Franklin Roosevelt
FDR
• Had polio
• Elected four times
• President during the Great Depression
and World War II
Harry Truman
Truman
• Became President suddenly when FDR died.
• "I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets
had fallen on me."
• Made the decision to drop the atomic bomb.
• He died the year I was born.
Western US = Expansion, Mining,
Cattle Farming, and Indian Wars
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Washington (Olympia)
Oregon (Salem)
California (Sacramento)
Idaho (Boise)
Montana (Helena)
Nevada (Carson City)
Utah (Salt Lake City)
Wyoming (Cheyenne)
Colorado (Denver)
Arizona (Phoenix)
New Mexico (Santa Fe)
Western US = Expansion, Mining,
Cattle Farming, and Indian Wars
• Go West!
• Railroads connected the country for the first
time.
• Gold and Silver
• Cattle drives
• Fighting with Native Americans
Mining
• Placer mining – shallow mining, usually in
creeks.
• Quartz mining – deep mining, involving
mine shafts.
Free Land in the West
Last Two States
• Hawaii (Honolulu)
• Alaska (Juneau)
Hawaii
Alaska
Map Skills
Latitude and Longitude
• On a globe of the world, a circle is drawn, midway between the north
and south poles, called the equator.
• More circles are drawn, parallel to the equator, called parallels of
latitude. The latitude of any place on the globe is its distance north or
south of the equator, measured in degrees, from 0º at the equator to
90ºN at the north pole and 90ºS at the south pole.
• The latitude of New York is just over 41ºN.
• Lines drawn on the globe from the north to the south pole are called
meridians of longitude.
• The distance east or west of any place on the globe, measured from the
meridian through Greenwich in England, is called the longitude of that
place. Like latitude, longitude is measured in degrees.
• The longitude of New York is 74ºW.
• Practice lat and long exercise
Who, What, Where, When, and
Why
• Read the Title
• What Is It Telling Me?
• Read the Question
Charts
Three Dictators:
Benito Mussolini
Country
Italy
Joseph Stalin
USSR
Political Title
Prime Minister
General Secretary Chancellor
Date in Power
1922
1929
Political Party
Fascist Party
Communist Party Nazi
Type of Government
Fascist Communist
Adolph Hitler
Germany
1933
Fascist
Which of the dictators came to power first?
a.
Mussolini
c.
Hitler
b.
Stalin
d.
cannot tell from table
What type of
government was
most prevalent in
the nations of
southeastern
Europe?
a.
b.
c.
d.
authoritarian
democratic
Fascist
republican
Political Parties
• Republicans
• Democrats
Both Parties
Functions:
Political Leadership
Government
Policy Formation
Symbol of the Democratic Party
Donkey
Symbol of the Republican Party
Elephant
Famous Presidents Who Were
Democrats
Franklin Roosevelt
John F. Kennedy
Bill Clinton
Woodrow Wilson
Jimmy Carter
Famous Presidents Who Were
Republicans
Teddy Roosevelt
Ronald Reagan
George Bush
Abraham Lincoln
Richard Nixon
Economic Ideas
Democrats
Pro poor, favor minimum wages and increase
taxes on wealthy
Republicans
Neutral, believe taxes shouldn't be increased for
anyone and wages should reflect free market.
Social and Human Ideas
Democrats
Community and social responsibility based
Republicans
Individual rights and justice based
Traditionally Strong in These
States
Democrats
California
Massachusetts
Republicans
Mississippi
Texas
Stand On Gay Marriage
Democrats
Usually in favor of
Republicans
Usually against
Stand On Death Penalty
Democrats
Usually against
Republicans
Usually for
Stand On Abortion
Democrats
Usually for
Republicans
Usually against
Political Cartoons
• Describe the mood of the cartoon.
• What techniques or devices does the artist use? Caricature?
Symbolism? Ridicule?
• What issue or event does the cartoon deal with?
• Describe the action that is taking place.
• What is the purpose of the cartoon? What is its message? Is it
effective?
• Who is the intended audience?
• Whose viewpoint does it represent?
• What groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon's message? Why?
Political Cartoons
Political Cartoons
• Bring 3 examples of political cartoons to
class tomorrow.
• Be prepared to explain what the cartoons
are trying to say. (next slide)
Political Cartoons
• Describe the mood of the cartoon.
• What techniques or devices does the artist use? Caricature?
Symbolism? Ridicule?
• What issue or event does the cartoon deal with?
• Describe the action that is taking place.
• What is the purpose of the cartoon? What is its message? Is it
effective?
• Who is the intended audience?
• Whose viewpoint does it represent?
• What groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon's message? Why?
Graphs
Timelines
Why during the period of time between 1950 and 1990 were the Soviets present in
so many differ countries?
a. They were trying to spread communism. c. They were spreading Democracy.
b. They had to save face in the global community.
Branches of Government
• Executive Branch: Headed by the
president. The president carries out
federal laws and recommends new ones,
directs national defense and foreign policy,
and performs ceremonial duties. Powers
include directing government,
commanding the Armed Forces, dealing
with international powers, acting as chief
law enforcement officer, and vetoing laws.
Branches of Government
• Legislative Branch: Headed by
Congress, which includes the House of
Representatives and the Senate. The
main task of these two bodies is to make
the laws. Its powers include passing laws,
originating spending bills (House),
impeaching officials (Senate), and
approving treaties (Senate).
Branches of Government
• Judicial Branch: Headed by the Supreme
Court. Its powers include interpreting the
Constitution, reviewing laws, and deciding
cases involving states' rights.
Short Passages
I’m alone at last, over the first short stretch of sea on the route to France.
The surface is calm. There’s hardly a sign of movement beneath the
oilsmooth sheen of its skin. It’s only 35 miles to the Connecticut shore, but
I’ve never flown across that much water before. The Sound comes as an
advance messenger, welcoming and at the same time warning me of the
empire that lies ahead—of the trackless wastes, the great solitude, the
desertlike beauty of the ocean.
Charles Lindbergh, The Spirit of St. Louis
Which of the following statements best describes this passage?
a. Lindbergh recognizes the beauty and the perils of his flight.
b. Lindbergh is excited about meeting the challenges that lie ahead.
c. Lindbergh welcomes the solitude of his flight over the ocean.
d. Lindbergh is afraid to be so far away from home.
Short Passages
It’s a compact place to live, designed to fit around me so snugly that
no ounce of weight or resistance is wasted. I can press both sides of
the fuselage with partly outstretched elbows. The instrument board
is an easy reach forward for my hand, and a thin rib on the roof is
hollowed slightly to leave clearance for my helmet. There’s room
enough, no more, no less; my cockpit has been tailored to me like a
suit of clothes.
Charles Lindbergh, The Spirit of St. Louis
In this passage, to what does Lindbergh compare the airplane cockpit?
a. a suit of clothes
c. a helmet
b. a compact automobile
d. a compact place to live