APPALACHIANS – Session 2
Sojourners
Tramping through
the Appalachians:
Acadia to Acadié
1
APPALACHIANS – Session 2
Week 6: Newfoundland
Week 5: Maritime Provinces
Week 4: Quebec
Weeks 2-3: New England
2
Weeks 1:Becoming
Vagabonds
Louisiana to New England
NEW ENGLAND – Part 1
New Hampshire
Maine
Vermont
Massachusetts
Connecticut
3
Rhode Island
TRAVEL & SIGHTSEEING
BUT FIRST, WHERE
DID WE JOURNEY
IN THOSE STATES?
5
CONNECTICUT
7
CONNECTICUT
8
Phelps Tavern,
Simsbury
Mark Twain
Museum,
Hartford
CONNECTICUT
Clock & Carousel
Museums,
Bristol
1st Church of
Christ (1635)
Wethersfield
Former
Beaumont Residence,
New Caanan
Mystic Seaport,
New London
Yale – Rare
Book Museum,
New Haven
9
Yale – British
Museum,
New Haven
Yale – Peabody
Museum,
New Haven
Yale –Museum
of Art,
New Haven
American Art
Museum,
New Britain
RHODE ISLAND
To New Hampshire
To Plymouth, MA
From Connecticut
`
To Woods Hole, MA
10
RHODE ISLAND
`
11
America’s Cup
Hall of Fame,
Bristol
RHODE ISLAND
Providence
The Breakers,
Newport
RI Design School,
Providence
Brown University,
Providence
12
Watch Hill
Homes
Purgatory Chasm,
Newport
Yacht Restoration
School, Newport
MASSACHUSETTS
13
Boots Cotton Mill
& Textile
Museum, Lowell
MASSACHUSETTS
Northshore Drive
Salem
Amherst College
& Emily Dickenson
Museum
Minute Man NHP,
Concord
14
Harvard – Mus of
Natural History,
Boston
JFK Presidential
Library, Boston
Plymouth Rock &
Plymouth
Plantation
Woods Hole
Oceanographic
Institute
JFK Museum,
Hyannis Port
STATE BY STATE COMPARISON
• GEOGRAPHY
• HISTORY
• DEMOGRAPHICS
• INDUSTRY
• ECONOMICS
16
FACTOR
CONNECTICUT
RHODE ISLAND
MASSACHUSETTES
TEXAS
land area (sq miles)
4,844
1,045
7,840
261,797
forested land (% total land)
60.0%
58.8%
62.2%
7.1%
Dutch: 1614
1639: Connecticut
Colony (Fundamental
Orders; the first
modern constitution)
Spanish: 1682
Clergyman Roger
Williams 1636;
declared State
May, 1776,
English: 1620
Pilgrims, seeking
religious freedom,
founded Plymouth
Colony in 1620
1788 (5th State)
1790 (13th State)
1788 (6th State)
1845 (28th State)
3,574,097
1,052,567
6,547,629
25,100,000
703
1003
810
96
white
64.2%
69.0%
70.8%
46%
black
10.1%
5.7%
6.6%
12%
native American
0.3%
0.6%
0.3%
1%
hispanic/latino
13.4%
12.4%
9.6%
38%
asian
3.8%
2.9%
5.3%
3%
other
8.2%
9.3%
7.3%
1%
37.4
36.7
36.5
32
13.5%
Only English: 81.3%
Spanish: 6.2%
Portuguese: 2.7%
10%
Only English: 69%
Spanish: 27%
GEOGRAPHY
HISTORY
European exploration
prior to statehood
statehood
1836: independent
Republic of Texas
DEMOGRAPHICS
population (2005)
people/mile2 (2000 census)
median age
% over 65
language spoken at home
13.8%
14.5%
Only English: 81.7% Only English: 80.0%
Spanish: 8.4%
Spanish: 8.1%
Italian: 1.6%
Portuguese: 3.8%
FACTOR
CONNECTICUT
RHODE ISLAND
MASSACHUSETTES
TEXAS
$237 billion (24)
$49 billion (45)
$378 billion (13)
$1,306 billion (2)
$64,833 (4)
$45,000 (26)
$58,108 (6)
$45,940 (24)
median household income:2009
$66,452
$51,914
$61,333
$48,286
% unemployment: as of 8/2011
9.0%
10.6%
7.4%
ECONOMICS
Gross State Product (rank): 2010
GSP per capita: 2010
main agricultural products
(Items in RED are unique
to that State)
major industrial products
(Items in RED are unique
to that State)
tourism ($/year)
electrical production
energy source (2006)
small-scale
eggs, pears, peaches, farming, including
and mushrooms,
grapes for local
nd
oysters (2 in nation)
wineries, turf
Poultry and dairy
grass, and nursery
stock
weapons, sewing
machines, jet engines,
helicopters, motors,
hardware and tools,
cutlery, clocks, locks,
silverware, and
submarines.
$14 billion
5% Coal
70% O&G
21%-nuclear
1% -hydroelectric
jewelry manuf..
electronics, metals,
plastic products,
and boat/ship
construction; Nonmanufacturing
research: Health,
medicine, ocean
environment.
$3.26 billion
0% Coal
97% O&G
0%-nuclear
0% -hydroelectric
8.5%
leads all in cattle,
cranberry crop is the
sheep, cotton;also
nation's 2nd largest
produce poultry &
(after Wisconsin).,
eggs, dairy, greenhse
dairy and poultry,
and nursery products,
nursery and greenhse
wheat, hay, rice,
produce, veg, and
sugar cane, peanuts,
fruit.
fruits & veg.
Sulfur, salt, helium,
asphalt, graphite,
bromine, natural gas,
electronics and
oil, cement, clays;
communications
Chemicals, oil refining,
equipment fields
food processing,
machinery, and
transportation
equipment
$13.5 billion
$44 billion
9% Coal
14% Coal
82% O&G
82% O&G
5%-nuclear
4%-nuclear
1% -hydroelectric
0% -hydroelectric
NEW ENGLAND – Part 1
New England
Regional Geology
20
NEW ENGLAND
REGIONAL GEOLOGY
FIRST,
Let’s get the
BIG picture…
21
Geologic Evolution of New England
Specifically, lets look
at the time periods
of the
Cambrian and
Ordovician,
540 mybp thru
440 mybp
22
CAMBRIAN & ORDOVICIAN PERIODS
Specifically, lets look at
the time periods of the
Cambrian and
Ordovician,
540 mybp thru
440 mybp
440 MYBP
540 MYBP
650 MYBP
23
550 Million Years Before Present (MYBP)
Proto-North America
Lake Michigan
Volcanic
Island-Arc
Proto-Africa
24
From Ron Blakely @ http://www2.nau.edu/rcb7/namPC550.jpg
Geologic Evolution of New England
1. Subducting
being
scraped
off theWedge
subducting
plate
2.
Sediments are
forming
an
Accretionary
in front
of the
3.
plate
is melting,
causing
volcanoes
on
the
leading
Overriding
edge
of thePlate
Overriding Plate
Ocean
Accretionary Wedge
Subducting Plate
25
Overriding
Plate
Geologic Evolution of New England
4. Volcanic
Arcscraped
continues
it’sOceanic
westward
movement;
Prot0-North
5.
Sediments
off of
Crust
continue to
pile up in
America
continues
it’s eastward
front
of the
Overriding
Plate andmovement
metamorphs into rock
26
Geologic Evolution of New England
6.
Sediments,
which
are are
nowweathered
rocks, andfor
Volcanic
Arcofdebris
7. These
“docked”
rocks
millions
years are
and
“docked”
onto and become
part of Proto-North America
form the topography
of Newa England
27
Proto-North
American
Continent
Triassic RedPiedmont
Bed
Terrane #1
Sedimentary
& Basaltic Fill
Piedmont
Terrane #2
Avalonian
Terrane
Geologic Evolution of New England
Blue Ridge &
Piedmonts
Triassic
Red-Beds
• The collision of micro-continents, islandarc terranes, or proto-continents into
Proto-North America has happened many
times over geologic history creating the
underlying terrain of New England
• Subsequent glaciations & glacial
retreating “scrubbed” the surface to
shape today’s landscape topography
29
3 SELECTED HIGHLIGHTS
Connecticut
Dinosaur
State Park
31
Rhode Island
Slater Mill
Massachusetts
Cape Cod
NEW ENGLAND – Part 1
Connecticut
Dinosaur
State Park
32
DINOSAUR STATE PARK
• Park has one of the largest on-site displays of dinosaur tracks in the world
• Beneath the geodesic dome is an exceptional display of early Jurassic fossil
tracks that were made 200 million years ago
• 500 tracks are enclosed within a 55,000-square-foot dome; the remaining 1,500
tracks are buried for preservation
• The trackway is located in Rocky Hill, CT (20 min south of Hartford)and has been
designated a registered Natural Landmark by the U. S. Department of Interior
33
DINOSAUR STATE PARK
• Most scientists agree thatLife
theForm Evolutionary Time Line
trackmaker was a carnivorous
dinosaur similar in size and shape to
Dilophosaurus. The tracks range from
10 to 16 inches in length and are
spaced 3.5 to 4.5 feet apart
• Dipolarsours was only about 9 ft tall,
20 ft long and weighed ½ ton
• Analysis of it’s teeth indicate poor
basal strength, therefore it’s assumed
that this dinosaur feed on dead
carcasses
• Time of dinosaurs started in the
Jurassic (200 mya) and lasted for 140
mya
34
DINOSAUR STATE PARK
• Trackway is only a
ONE INCH thick layer
of sandstone
• Tracks indicated that
dinos were traveling
alone and in different,
straight line
35
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Dinosaur_State_Park_%28Rocky_Hill%2C_CT%29_-_prints.JPG
• Most likely, they were
just passing through
and not congregating
here
DINOSAUR STATE PARK
Horizontal Strata
Syncline Fold
Anticline Fold
36
DINOSAUR STATE PARK
37
DINOSAUR STATE PARK
Negative Raindrop Impressions
Ripple Marks
The impressions of driving raindrops which dimpled the soft
Little wind-blown waves in shallow water 200 mya left
mud one Early Jurassic day are now preserved in stone
fossilized
ripples in the sand
38
DINOSAUR STATE PARK
39
OTHER USA TRACKWAY SITES
UTAH
• Red Fleet SP
• Warner Valley DT
Site
Massachusettes
MA Dinosaur Track Site
Wyoming
Red Gulch DT Site
Colorado
Dino Ridge Natl Natural Landmark
Arizona
Tuba City Site
New Mexico
Clayton Lake SP
40
41
NEW ENGLAND – Part 1
Rhode Island
Slater Mill
42
Rhode Island – Slater Mill
• Born in Derbyshire, England in 1768
• Known as the "Father of the American
Industrial Revolution" or the
• "Father of the American Factory System"
The story starts with…
• Learned textile machinery as an apprentice
to a pioneer in the British industry
• Brought his knowledge to America where
he designed the first textile mills
• Hannah Slater invented a type of cotton
sewing thread, becoming in 1793 the first
American woman to be granted a patent
Samuel Slater
(June 9, 1768 – April 21, 1835)
43
• By the end of Slater's life he owned
thirteen spinning mills and had established
tenant farms and towns around his textile
mills
• Price: He was considered a traitor in his
native England
Rhode Island – Slater Mill
• Drew on his British village experience to
create a factory setting based on
customary patterns of family life in New
England villages
• Children aged 7 to 12 were the first
employees of the mill starting in 1790.
• Tried to staff his mill with women and
children from far away, without avail due
to the close-knit framework of the New
England family
• Brought in whole families, creating entire
towns
• Provided company-owned housing nearby,
along with company stores and sponsored
a Sunday School where college students
taught the children reading and writing.
44
• This factory system is now called the
"Rhode Island System"
Rhode Island – Slater Mill
45
Rhode Island – Slater Mill
Blackstone River
Slater Mill
Wilkinson Mill
46
Rhode Island – Slater Mill
47
Rhode Island – Slater Mill
48
Rhode Island – Slater Mill
49
Scroll
Saw
DrillPlanner
press
Wood
Metal
Wood
Lathe
lathe
Rhode Island – Slater Mill
50
Rhode Island – Slater Mill
51
Rhode Island – Slater Mill
• Moved from a water
wheel to turbine
• Water turbine in the
Slater Mill
• Turbine is being
restored today so
that it can continue
to be used to
produce electricity
for the historic site
52
53
NEW ENGLAND – Part 1
Massachusetts
CAPE COD
54
CAPE COD FORMATION
MASSACHUSETTS
55
CAPE COD FORMATION
1
4
15 mi
20 mi
2
8.5 mi
3
5
6
1. Pilgrim first landing near
present-day Provincetown on
November 11, 1620
2. The Cape Cod Canal,
completed in 1916, connects
Buzzards Bay to Cape Cod Bay;
shortened water trade route
between New York and Boston
by 62 miles
3. High point: Pine Hill at 306 ft
4. Cape Cod National Seashore
5. Kennedy Compound at
Hyannis Port
56
6. Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institute
CAPE COD FORMATION
Massachusetts
Today, the sea and land are
where we know them to be
But,
IMAGINE A TIME
23,000 YEARS AGO
• Winter and it’s snows start
lasting a lot longer; snows
accumulate; glaciers advance
Atlantic Ocean
57
• Water levels fall & are 400 ft
lower than today; the ocean is
far from where Cape Cod WILL
BE
CAPE COD FORMATION
(lite green represents the
Advancing Glacier)
• Maximum
glacial advance
23,000 ybp
• Large glacial
debris pushed
forward by
different glacial
lobes
Martha’s
Vineyard
Island
58
Nantucket
Island
• Glacial debris
forms the future
islands of
Martha’s
Vineyard to the
west and
Nantucket to
the East
CAPE COD FORMATION
(lite green represents the
Advancing Glacier)
• By 19,000 ybp, the glacial ice
sheet has retreated to the
position of Cape Cod
• Additional glacial debris is
deposited to form Cape Cod
• Glacial outwash further
develops the bulk of the Cape
• Periodic advance and
retreating of the glacier
continues to add mass to the
Cape
• The ocean has not risen
sufficiently to erode the two
islands recently formed
59
CAPE COD FORMATION
60
CAPE COD FORMATION
KETTLE FORMATION
Kettle Ponds are
depressions caused
by
• chunks of ice
breaking off from
the glacier and
• slowly melting
away
• while water eroded
the soils under the
ice block
• Leaving a small
pond behind
61
CAPE COD FORMATION
Beautiful
Cape Cod
Kettle Ponds
62
63
NEW ENGLAND – Part 1
WHAT HAVE WE REVIEWED?
• New England Sightseeing spots
• New England data (geography, history, demographics,
industry, economy)
• New England regional geology (incl. geologic time scale,
process of subduction, accretionary wedge & island arc
formations, continental growth by docking of terranes)
• Seen footprints of Dinosaurs or Dilophosaurus
• Beginning of Industrial Revolution at Slater Mill
• Cape Cod formation by Glacial recession
65
NEW ENGLAND – Part 1
REMEMBER…
GEOLOGY ROCKS
66
Next Week – Session 3
- The Appalachians
New England – Part 2
67
Vermont, New Hampshire,
Maine
From DK China 2005
-
REFERENCES
http://www.wesleyan.edu/ctgeology/images/CtGeoM
ap_big.jpg
http://www.wesleyan.edu/ctgeology/CtLandscapes/
CTlandscapes3.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/VolcanicPast/
Notes/taconic_orogeny.html
http://www.ct.gov/dep/lib/dep/outdoor_recreation/sc
orp/SCORP_Chapter2.pdf
http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~lanbo/G229Lect112Phy
siography.pdf
http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~lanbo/G229Lect112Phy
siography.pdf
http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/evolution/phylatime
line.htm
http://geology.rutgers.edu/103web/NJcontext/ENAhi
story.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilophosaurus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur_State_Park
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dilophosaurus_wet
herilli_2.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Slater
http://harvardmagazine.com/2010/09/factory-fans
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slater_Mill
http://www.slatermill.org/initiatives/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_manufacture_du
ring_the_Industrial_Revolution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster,_Massachusett
s
http://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecord
s/47000/47138/ISS016-E-010312_lrg.jpg
http://www.statemaster.com/graph/geo_lan_acr_tot
_for_lan-geography-land-acreage-total-forest
http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10_thematic/2
010_Profile/2010_Profile_Map_Massachusetts.pdf
http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/dc10_thematic/2
010_Profile/2010_Profile_Map_Rhode_Island.pdf
http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108266.html
http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108191.html
http://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstrk.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_GD
P
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(geology)#Fold_types
NEW ENGLAND – Part 1
All class materials will be on
1) the University’s website
and on
2) Don’s Website at:
www.donbeaumont.weebly.com
ANY QUESTIONS??
69