Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
Personal Protective Equipment
• Provide a barrier between you and the
chemical
• Chemical Protective Equipment (CPE)
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Level A - vapor w/SCBA (encapsulating suits)
Level B - splash w/SCBA (cover skin)
Level C - splash w/APR (MMRS Program)
Level D - “normal” work clothes
Supplied Air Systems
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
Positive Pressure Self Contained
Breathing Apparatus
Advantages:
Provides highest level of protection against
airborne contaminates and oxygen deficiency
Limitations:
Bulky and heavy
Limited air supply limits work duration
May impair movement in confined spaces
Unknown resistance to chemicals
Positive Pressure Supplied Air
Respirator
Connected to a manifold which is supplied by two or more tanks
Possibility of unlimited air supply
Less bulky with a longer work time
Protects against airborne contaminates to the same level as PP SCBA
Positive Pressure Supplied Air
Respirator
Air line impairs mobility and limited to 300 feet (OSHA/NIOSH)
Air line is vulnerable to damage, degradation, or mechanical
decontamination where decontamination might prove difficult.
Exit as you entered. Requires supervision / monitoring of air
supply and lines.
Not approved for IDLH atmospheres unless equipped with an
emergency egress unit such as an escape only SCBA with a
minimum of five minutes.
Air Purifying Respirators
Enhanced mobility, less physical stress, lighter weight
Negative pressure operations – can be full face or half face
Normally used in controlled, well characterized areas not for
emergency response
Cartridge respirators-Must select proper cartridge
Does not supply fresh air - oxygen levels must be greater than
19.5%
Chemical Protective Clothing
Level A (Vapor Protection)
Provides responder with highest level of protection
Level B (Splash Protection)
Provides the responder with the highest level of
respiratory protection and protection against contact with
product from spills and splashes
Level C (Splash Protection)
Reduction in the respiratory protection but hazards shall
be well characterized (known and measured) to provide
use of APR’s.
Level A CPE
Level B CPE
Level C CPE
Chemical Protective Clothing
Level D (normal workplace protections)
Used much more commonly in routine industrial operations.
No NFPA standard garment.
May include items such as:
Eye Protection
Coveralls
Boots that are chemically resistant
Hard hat
Gloves
Stresses of Wearing CPC’s
Heat related stresses:
Heat Cramps, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke
Cold related stresses:
Frostbite, Hypothermia
Psychological stress:
Hazardous area, “Body bag with Windows”
Stresses of Wearing CPC’s
NFPA 471 (10.3) (2002 edition) exclusion criteria includes:
BP - diastolic pressure greater than 105 mm Hg
Pulse - greater than 70% of max (220-age)
Respirations - greater than 24
Temp – greater than 99.5 (oral) or 100.5 core
EKG – dysrhythmia not previously detected
Mental Status – altered, slurred speech clumsiness, weakness
Recent Medical History:
Presence of nausea vomiting, diarrhea, fever, URI, heat
illness, or heavy alcohol within the past 72 hours.
Any alcohol within the past 6 hours
New medications within the past 72 hours.
Pregnancy
Chemical Resistance/Compatibility
Three principle manners by which chemical
protective clothing materials can be compromised:
1. Penetration
2. Degradation
3. Permeation
Bio Isolation PPEs
• Cover all skin
• Use with respirator
and eye protection
• Should be rated for
biological (bloodborne pathogen)
protection by
manufacture
Problems in the Agricultural
Setting
• Improper Use
– Using inappropriate concentration (more is better)
– Mixing compounds together
• Improper Storage
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Next flammables
No ventilation
Stored next to incompatibles
Compressed Gasses indoors
Problems in the Agricultural
Setting
• Limited or no PPEs
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Eye & Face Protection
Apron
Gloves
Respiratory Protection
• Poor or no Signage/Markings
– Hazard areas
– Safe areas
Problems in the Agricultural
Setting
• Limited or no Training
– PPEs
– Proper use
• HAZCOM standard (29 CFR 1910.120)
– No MSDS
– Don’t know standard
• No Emergency or Spill Plan
• Poor Housekeeping
• Safety equipment not maintained
Problems in the Agricultural
Setting
• Usually a failure of multiple safety
processes
• Complacency
• Performance before safety
• Profit before safety (safety to expensive)
Example of Spill Procedures
When Spill Occurs
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Stop operations and equipment
Isolate or evacuate area affected
Emergency Notification
If trained, contain and control spill
Provide first aid and assistance to injured
Clean up, decontamination
Natural Disasters
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Hurricane/Typhoon
Earthquake
Tsunami
Fire
Flood
Disease Outbreak
– Agriculture
– Wildlife
– Human
Man Made Disasters
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Transportation
Unintentional Releases
Civil Unrest
Terrorism
Technological
– Electrical
– Communications
– Water (Fresh and Waste)
What is an emergency?
• An Event that is-–
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Unplanned
Uncontrolled
Chaotic
Life, Property or Environmental Threat
Requires a rapid response to bring the event
under control
What is an emergency response?
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Rapid or timely mitigation of events
Best use of resources
Trained personnel
Favorably changes the outcome
Planned Response
• Control
– Isolation and Quarantine
• Notification
– Local, Law Enforcement, National and
International Aid
• Have a written plan
• Test and Periodically Practice
Incident Command System
• Management System
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Who’s in charge?
What’s our goals?
What’s my tasks?
Where do I fit in the organization?
Whom do I report?
Incident Management
• Places one person in charge
• Clarifies objectives
• Guides deployment of personnel &
resources
• Organizes personnel & tasks so that IC is
not overwhelmed
• Eases communications & identifies chain of
command
Incident Management
• Limits high risk activities & establishes
resources to provide immediate assistance
• Allows for growth and reduction of
organizational structure
• For some emergencies, it is a requirement of
law, 29 & 40 CFR
• Used by the Federal Government (NIMS)
Management Concepts
• Division of Labor
– Work is assigned based on functions, equipment
available and training/capabilities of personnel
– Qualified individuals are assigned the proper tasks
• Lines of Authority
– Personnel and functional groups know their roles within
the organization and their relationship with other
personnel participating in the emergency
Management Concepts
• Delegation
– Higher level of authority gives personnel or
unit an assignment or tasks
– Authority is delegated but responsibility is still
with the IC
• Unity of Command
– One immediate supervisor
– Prevents multiple and conflicting directives
Management Concepts
• Span of Control
– Number of personnel or units supervised at one
time
– Emergency operations, 4-7 personnel or units
– Factors include, degree of difficulty, level of
danger, amount of authority given
• Line Functions - functions directly associated with
actual implementation of tasks
• Staff Functions - functions associated with the
support of incident operations or IC
Features of ICS
• Common Terminology
– uses common language “clear text”
– pre-designated language from standard operating
procedures
• Integrated Communications
– Common communications plan “trunking system”
• Modular Organization
– Organizational structure develops as-needed
– Increases and reduces in size as needed
Features of ICS
• Comprehensive Resource Management
– Knows the status of available units
– Analyses incident requirements and deploys available
resources in a well-coordinated effort
– “Tools in a tool box”, only take out the tools you need
to get the job done - need to know what tools are
needed and when to use them, in correct combination
– Single Command Structure (single jurisdiction)
– Unified Command Structure (multi-jurisdiction or
responsibility)
Features of ICS
– Consolidated Action Plans - Unified Command
• A single plan of objectives
• Efforts undertaken are conducted in a coordinated manner
• Prevents duplication of tasks and contradictory work
assignments
– Designated Incident Facilities
• Command Post, Staging Area, Rehab Area
– Transfer of Command
• Proper procedures to transfer to higher authority
Incident Command System
• IC & Staff
– PIO, Safety, Liaison
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Operations
Planning
Logistics
Finance
Division, Group, Branch
Incident Command System
IC
Public Information
Safety
Liaison
Operations
Section
FireFighting
Entry
HAZMAT
Ventilation
DECON
Research
Planning
Section
Logistics
Section
Finance/
Administration
Section
Scene Management
• HAZMAT Sectors
– Hot Zone - Contaminated area
– Warm Zone - Contamination reduction zone or
decon area
– Cold Zone - Contamination Free Zone
– Safe Zone - to facilitate nuisance free area
The Growing Threat of the
Agriculture Workplace
Pacific Avian Influenza Training Workshop
Carter Davis
Pacific EMPRINTS Program
hazmat@hawaii.rr.com