Virginia vs. New England
Please take out your class notes from last class and the quiz
“preview” map.
Take the first 5 minutes of class to complete the group
warm-up with your table team and review the quiz
“preview.”
If you have any homework completed, turn it in to the box.
We will:
*take our first quiz
*describe characteristics of the Jamestown
and Puritan colonists
*evaluate how the Virginia and New England
colonies have shaped American society
European Empires in the New World
Two Models of European-Native American Relations:
Spanish Brutality vs. French Amity
Above: The Spanish
developed a reputation for
treating Native Americans
so poorly that their
actions gave rise to the
“Black Legend.”
Above: The French
treated Native Americans
as equals and benefitted
from their cooperation in
the lucrative fur trade.
Left: How would the
English treat them?
Quiz #1: U.S. Geography & Ch. 1
Please clear the table except for a #2 pencil. Write your
name on both the quiz and Scantron form.
You can mark on the quiz itself but make sure all
answers are bubbled in on the Scantron. You have 20
minutes to complete the quiz.
When you are finished, please bring the quiz and
Scantron to the cart up front and I will give you a folder.
Take a textbook from our class set along the wall and
begin working on the assignment sheet in the folder.
Virginia vs.
New England
England Plants Colonies in the
New World
England Takes Interest in the New World
•
By the 1580s, England’s Queen
Elizabeth I (pictured left) sought to
plant colonies in the New World to
challenge the might of her enemy, Spain
•
England’s victory over the Spanish
Armada in 1588 and raids on Spanish
galleons by “sea dogs” (such as Sir
Walter Raleigh) enhanced England’s
power and freedom to colonize
•
The first effort to plant a colony at
Roanoke Island in 1587 (in what is now
North Carolina) failed – the “Lost
Colony” had vanished by 1590
The Founding of Jamestown
• The Virginia Company, a jointstock company funded by
merchants, financed an expedition in
1607 to establish an English colony
• Jamestown, named after King
James I, became the first permanent
English settlement in what is now
the U.S.
• The colonists named the land
Virginia in honor of Queen
Elizabeth I, the “Virgin Queen”
Above: The seal of the Virginia
Company; Below: a depiction of
Jamestown as it would have
appeared in 1607
Puritans Arrive in the New World
• English Puritans sought to escape
religious persecution at home by
making a new life in the New World
• The first Pilgrims originally sought to
settle in Virginia but were blown off
course and established the Plymouth
colony in 1620
• Another group of Puritans arrived by
1630 and founded Massachusetts Bay
colony at Boston; the region became
known as New England
Motives & Leaders: Virginia
First Charter of the Virginia Company (1606)
I JAMES, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland,
France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. WHEREAS our
loving and well-disposed Subjects, Sir Thomas Gates, and
Sir George Somers, Knights, Richard Hackluit, Prebendary
of Westminster, and Edward-Maria Wingfield, Thomas
Hanham, and Ralegh Gilbert, Esqrs. William Parker, and
George Popham, Gentlemen, and divers others of our loving
Subjects, have been humble Suitors unto us, that We would
vouchsafe unto them our Licence, to make Habitation,
Plantation, and to deduce a Colony of sundry of our People
into that Part of America, commonly called VIRGINIA, and
other Parts and Territories in America, …
http://www.bartleby.com/43/5.html
*established for the purpose of making money for the
investors in the Virginia Company, including King James
*the colony’s leaders were originally a council of “gentlemen”
*John Smith (pictured above), a soldier and adventurer, ended
up taking control of the colony to save it from collapse
Motives & Leaders: New England
John Winthrop’s “A Model of Christian Charity” (1630)
Now the only way to avoid this shipwreck and to provide for
our posterity is to … do Justly, to love mercy, to walk
humbly with our God, for this end, we must be knit together
in this work as one man, we must entertain each other in
brotherly Affection, … we must delight in each other, make
others Conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together,
labour, and suffer together, always having before our eyes
our Commission and Community in the work, … so shall we
keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace, the Lord
will be our God and delight to dwell among us, … for we
must Consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the
eyes of all people are upon us; …
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3918
*Puritan religious leaders, such as John Winthrop, sought to
establish communities of faith
*the central purpose was to live according to religious
principles apart from the sinfulness of the Old World
*New England colonies sought to be “a light to the world”
Colonists: Virginia & New England
*Jamestown settled mostly
by men at first
*mostly young indentured
servants
*took an oath of allegiance to
the King and the
Anglican Church
*focused on making money
*New England Puritans
arrived with family
units, including
women and children
*often came from the same
communities in England
*focused on faith and family
Early Challenges: Virginia
Pictured Left: Reconstruction of “Jane”
- a Jamestown woman whose body
was eaten by her fellow colonists
*Jamestown barely survived
after Smith’s forced departure
due to an accident in 1609
*The colony resorted to
cannibalism to survive during
the “Starving Time” of 1609-10
John Smith’s The Generall Historie of
Virginia… (1624)
Nay, so great was our famine, that a Savage
we slew, and buried, the poorer sort took
him up again and eat him, and so did divers
one another boiled and stewed with roots
and herbs: And one amongst the rest did kill
his wife, powdered her, and had eaten part
of her before it was known, for which he
was executed, as he well deserved; now
whether she was better roasted, boiled or
carbonado’d, I know not, but of such a dish
as powdered wife I never heard of. This
was that time, which still to this day we
called the starving time; it were too vile to
say, and scarce to be believed, what we
endured… http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6593
Early Challenges: New England
*Only about half of the Pilgrims who arrived on the
overcrowded Mayflower in December 1620
survived the first winter
*Pilgrims referred to this event as the “general sickness”
Relations with Native Americans: Virginia
Left: 1616 engraving
depicting Pocahontas;
Below Right: WRONG!
Below: engraving
depicting the massacre
of English colonists by
the Powhatan in 1622
*John Smith secured trade
with the Powhatan tribe but
also kept a wary eye on them
*According to Smith, he was
spared execution at the hands
of the Powhatan thanks to the
intervention of the chief’s
favorite daughter, Pocahontas
*Pocahontas later married
John Rolfe and moved to
England, where she died
*In 1622, the Powhatan
attacked Virginia settlements,
wiping out a quarter of all
colonists
Relations with Native Americans:
New England
Pilgrim Treaty with Chief Massasoit (1621)
1. That neither he nor any of his should injure or do hurt
to any of our people.
2. And if any of his did hurt to any of ours, he should
send the offender, that we might punish him…
4. If any did unjustly war against him, we would aid
him; if any did war against us, he should aid us…
6. That when their men came to us, they should leave
their bows and arrows behind them, as we should do our
Image of the “First Thanksgiving”
pieces when we came to them.
http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/pdf/Text_Treaty_with_Massasoit.pdf
painted in 1914
*The Pilgrims benefitted from positive contacts with the
Wampanoag tribe – signed a treaty in 1621
*Shared the first “thanksgiving” feast with Massasoit’s people
*Puritans later sought to convert Native Americans and
destroyed Native American opposition at great cost in
the Pequot War (1630s) and King Philip’s War (1670s)
Political Institutions: Virginia
House of Burgesses created in
1619 as the first representative
assembly in the New World;
advised the colony’s governor
Still exists today as the
Virginia Assembly
Proceedings of the Virginia Assembly, 1619
Captain William Powell presented a petition to
the general Assembly against one Thomas
Garnett, a servant of his, not only for extreme
neglect of his business to the great loss and
prejudice of the said Captain, and for openly
and impudently abusing his house, in sight
both of Master and Mistress, through
wantonness with a woman servant of theirs, a
widow, but also for falsely accusing him to the
Governor both of Drunkenness and Theft, and
besides for bringing all his fellow servants to
testify on his side, wherein they justly failed
him. It was thought fit by the general assembly
(the Governor himself giving sentence), that
he should stand four days with his ears nailed
to the Pillory, viz: Wednesday, Aug. 4th, and
so likewise Thursday, friday, and Saturday
next following, and every of those days should
be publicly whipped.
Political Institutions: New England
Mayflower Compact of 1620
was the first instrument of selfgovernment in the New World
Puritan communities effectively
governed themselves through
town meetings
Society & Economy: Virginia
John Rolfe introduced tobacco growing in
1612 and it became the basis of Virginia’s
cash crop economy
1619 – first slaves arrived and
increasingly replaced indentured servants
Virginia society became very hierarchical
Above: first African slaves
arrive at Jamestown in 1619
aboard a Dutch ship
Society & Economy: New England
Above: Photo of Plimouth Plantation, a
living history museum in Massachusetts
Above: Interior of a New England
meeting house
*Puritans lived according to the Bible
*stressed education and community participation
*valued social and economic equality
*believed in hard work and devotion to God and family
*worked small farms and fished
Before we leave…
• Consider how Virginia and New England
helped to shape American society
• Remember to complete Homework 3 for next class
• Leave all visuals/articles in the folders on the table
• Keep your class notes in your binder