START IT UP PUP
Chapter 2 Matter and Change
Unit Notes
Section 2.1 Properties of
Matter
What
is matter?
Which of these is matter?
water
air
light
darkness
smoke
human
cold
diamond
heat
jello
cloud
sound
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space.
 Matter can be classified by extensive or
intensive properties.
 Extensive depends on the amount of matter
in the sample.
 Intensive does not depend on the amount
but the type of matter in the sample.

What is a substance?
Matter that has a uniform and definite
composition is called a substance.
 Examples are: gold, copper, iron, water,
sodium chloride (salt), oxygen (see table
2.1)
 Physical properties can be used to identify
unknown substances.

States of Matter

The three main states of matter are: solid,
liquid and gas.
Solids
Solids have a definite shape and volume.
 The shape of the solid doesn’t depend on
the shape of the container.
 Solids are incompressible.
 Expand slightly when heated.
 Particle vibrate in place.

Liquids
Indefinite shape
 Definite volume
 Not easily compressed
 Expand slightly when heated.
 Particles can flow.

Gases
Indefinite shape.
 Indefinite volume.
 Easily compressed.
 Particles are free to roam everywhere.

Vocabulary Cards
Matter
 Extensive
 Intensive
 Substance

Yup, yup
SUM IT UP
SUM IT UP PUP
How can you
tell if
something is
matter?
Mixtures 2.2
Mixtures are classified into two groups.
 Mixtures are physical blends of two or more
components.
 Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform.
Their components are not evenly distributed.
 Homogeneous mixtures are uniform and
their components are evenly distributed.
 Phases describe any part of a mixture that
has uniform composition and properties.

What kind of mixture is it?
heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Homogeneous
Homogeneous
heterogeneous
Elements and compounds 2.3
Compounds can be broken down into
simpler substances by chemical means.
 Elements cannot.
 If the composition of a material is fixed, the
material is a substance.
 If the composition of a material can vary, it is
a mixture.
 Chemical symbols are used to represent
elements on the periodic table.

Chemical Reactions 2.4






During a chemical change, the composition of
matter always changes.
A substance present at the start of the reaction is
called the reactant.
The substance present at the end of the reaction is
called the product.
Clues that a chemical change has occurred are:
energy transfer (hot or cold feeling), change in
color, gas production, formation of a precipitate
(solid stuff)
During any chemical reaction, the mass of the
reactants and the products must equal each other.
Its called the Law of Conservation of Mass.
How can you recognize a physical
versus and chemical change?
Breaking glass
Ice pack
Frying an egg
Burning a match
Rusting car
Boiling water
Shaking pop
Hand warmers
Freezing
water
Cooking
macaroni
Chopping
veggies
Baking a cake
Vocabulary Cards
Mixture
 Heterogeneous
 Homogeneous
 Compound
 Element
 Reactant
 product

SUM IT UP
How can you tell if a
chemical instead of a
physical reaction has
taken place?
LET’S REVIEW SO WE DON’T
HIT A WALL WHEN WE TAKE
THE TEST
Substance

Matter that has the same composition
and properties throughout is called a
substance.
Compound

A compound is a substance whose smallest
unit is made up of atoms of more than one
element chemically bonded together.
Mixture

When two or more substances (element
and compounds) come together but
don’t combine to create a new
substance, a mixture results.
Homogeneous Mixture

These mixtures are the same throughout.
You can’t see the different parts.
Heterogeneous Mixture

These mixtures are not the same throughout
and you can see the individual parts.
Which one is it?
compound
compound
mixture
mixture
mixture
compound
A chemical reaction must
make something totally
different that has different
properties from when it
started.
You start
with the
And you end
with the
reactants
products
When you make a
sandwich, what do you
do?
When you make a
sandwich, what do you
do?
Products
Reactants
SCIENCE SWAG
EXTRA CREDIT:
Create a video, poem
or story about the
states of matter.
Poem or story must
be one page.
Video must be 2
minutes.
Make sure the
projects include good
facts about the states
of matter.
Due in one week.
POST IT UP
What is the Law of
Conservation of Mass?