2.1
Properties of Matter
Bamboo has properties
that make it a good choice
for use in chopsticks. It has
no noticeable odor or taste.
It is hard, yet easy to split,
and it is heat resistant. You
will learn how properties
can be used to classify and
identify matter.
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> Describing Matter
Describing Matter
How can properties used to describe
matter be classified?
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> Describing Matter
Properties used to describe matter can
be classified as extensive or intensive.
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> Describing Matter
Extensive Properties
• An extensive property is a property that
depends on the amount of matter in a
sample.
EX: The mass of an object is a measure of the
amount of matter the object contains.
EX: The volume of an object is a measure of the
space occupied by the object.
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2.1 Properties of Matter > Describing Matter
Intensive Properties
An intensive property is a
property that depends on the
type of matter in a sample, not
the amount of matter.
Subcategories of intensive
properties are physical
properties and chemical
properties
The hardness of a bowling
ball is an example of an
intensive property.
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> Identifying Substances
Identifying Substances
Why do all samples of a substance
have the same intensive properties?
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> Identifying Substances
Every sample of a given substance has identical
intensive properties because every
sample has the same composition
“Composition” means the arrangement of the
atoms is the same throughout the
substance
EX: Water is composed only of molecules of H2O,
which always consists of 2 hydrogen
atoms bonded to 1 oxygen atom.
Changing the composition requires a
rearrangement of the atoms
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> Identifying Substances
Matter that has a uniform and definite
composition is called a pure substance. These
kettles are mainly copper. Copper is an example
of a substance.
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> Identifying Substances
This sculpture of a
falcon is made of gold.
Gold is an example of a
pure substance.
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> Identifying Substances
A physical property is a quality or condition of a
substance that can be observed or measured
without changing the substance’s composition.
Hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability
are examples of physical properties.
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> Identifying Substances
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> States of Matter
States of Matter
What are three states of matter?
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> States of Matter
Three states of matter are solid, liquid,
and gas.
A substance is classified as a particular
state based on the phase it is in at room
temperature.
EX: oxygen is considered a gas and gold
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is considered a solid
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> States of Matter
Solids
A solid is a form of matter
that has a definite shape
and volume.
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> States of Matter
Liquid
A liquid is a form of matter
that has an indefinite
shape, flows, yet has a
fixed volume.
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> States of Matter
Gases
A gas is a form of matter
that takes both the shape
and volume of its container.
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Properties of Matter
> States of Matter
Animation 1
Relate the states of matter to the
arrangements of their particles.
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> States of Matter
Vapor describes the gaseous state of a
substance that is generally a liquid or
solid at room temperature, as in water
vapor.
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> Physical Changes
Physical Changes
How can physical changes be
classified?
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> Physical Changes
During a physical
change, some properties
of a material change, but
the composition* of the
material does not change.
As gallium melts in a
person’s hand, the shape
of the sample changes, but
the composition of the
material does not change.
*composition =
arrangement of atoms
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2.1
Properties of Matter
> Physical Changes
Physical changes can be classified as
reversible or irreversible.
• All physical changes that involve a
change from one state to another are
reversible.
• Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an
egg are examples of irreversible physical
changes.
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2.1 Section Quiz.
Assess students’ understanding
of the concepts in Section 2.1.
Continue to:
-or-
Launch:
Section Quiz
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2.1 Section Quiz.
1. Which of the following would be described as
an extensive property of matter?
a. temperature
b. color
c. mass
d. hardness
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2.1 Section Quiz.
2. Which properties can be observed without
changing the composition of a substance?
a. all properties of a substance
b. intensive properties
c. chemical properties
d. physical properties
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2.1 Section Quiz.
3. Match the states of matter with the following
descriptions:
(1) takes the volume and shape of its container
(2) has a definite shape and volume
(3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape
a. (1) liquid, (2) solid and (3) gas
b. (1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid
c. (1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid
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