Chapter 8 Review
A More Perfect Union
Creating a Government and putting it in Place (Chapter 8, Government, & Ch. 9)
James
Madison
A Virginia delegate to the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention, and is
considered the “Father of the Constitution” for his many contributions to
the basic structure of our government. He authored the Virginia Plan
which proposed representation in the Congress based on population. He
supported ratification of the new U.S. Constitution and wrote over a
third of the Federalist Papers, promoting its ratification. He proposed the
Bill of Rights.
Alexander
Hamilton
A delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 from New York. As a
proponent of a strong central government, he was one of the authors of
The Federalist Papers (essays that promoted the ratification of the
Constitution).
He was a symbol of America’s struggle for liberty and self-government;
he was a lawyer, patriot, orator, and willing participant in virtually every
aspect of the founding of America. He was a delegate to the First
Patrick Henry
Continental Congress from Virginia. He did not attend the Constitutional
Convention in 1787 because he “smelled a rat” and later fought against
ratification of the U.S. Constitution as a leader of the Anti-Federalists
George
Mason
He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 but did not
sign the Constitution. He became an Anti-Federalist and worked against
ratification of the U.S. Constitution. He believed in basic American
liberties such as freedom of the press, religious tolerance and the right
to a trial by jury.
Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution.
Later, he became the President of the Philadelphia Constitutional
George
Convention in 1787. He sides with the Federalists in the debate over
Washington ratification and is elected the First President of the United States in
1788.
U.S. Constitution
1787
xecutive
– enforces the law
udicial
– interprets
the law
egislative
– makes laws
Articles of Confederation 1781
the nation’s first constitution; lacked
the power to tax, regulate trade, or
control coinage lack of power to
create a national army
Magna Carta 1215
granted rights to noblemen
and freemen. Limited power
of the king
House of Burgesses 1619
The First Representative Body in
the colonies; Virginia
A
M
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R
I
C
A
N
G
O
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E
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N
M
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N
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639
the first constitution in the American colonies;
extended voting rights to non-church members
and limited the powers of the governor, expanded
ideas of representative government
Mayflower Compact 1620
first system of selfgovernment in America.
English Bill of Rights 1689
supported a limited
monarchy, gov’t based of laws
made by parliament provided a
system of shared power; rights
given to ALL Englishmen
Founding
Documents
Revolution Events
ec. of Ind.
exington
aratoga
rticles of
Confed.
Valley Forge
onstitution
Jamestown
McC v. M =
orktown
-1st
G v. O =
DS vs. S =
perm. English settlement
Mayflower Compact – 1st system of selfgov’t
Declaration of Independence – Freedom
from Englsih Rule
Constitution –Replaced Article of Confed.
Middle
Colonies
subsistence farming,
good soil,
warm climate
NH
MA
NY
CT RI
PA
NJ
MD DE
VA
New England
Long winters,
rocky soil,
timber,
fishing,
shipbuilding,
whaling
NC
SC
Southern
Colonies
Hot climate, fertile soil, cash crops, plantation system
GA
Appalachian Mtns
Great Lakes
US in 1783
Chapter 8 Review
33. Early government was influenced by the works of
European philosophers such as:
Charles de Montesquieu (French) - “separation of powers” and 3 branches
John Locke (English) – “unalienable rights”
William Blackstone (English) – “natural rights” and Bill of Rights
Chapter 8 Review
Articles of
of Confederation
Confederation –
34. The Articles
Our 1st National government with
one branch (legislative). The states
have most of the power. It would be
replaced by the Constitution in 1787.
Weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation
•No executive branch
•No levying of taxes
•No judicial branch
•No regulation of trade
Chapter 8 Review
Northwest Ordinance
35. The Northwest
Ordinance of 1787 established the procedures
for the expansion of the United States and explains that new
states admitted to the Union are equal to existing states.
Congress appoints governor
To rule territory
MN
With 5,000 free adult males, elect
a territorial legislature
WI
MI
IL
IN
60,000 total free population,
write a constitution
OH
Congressional approval of
Constitution means statehood
Chapter 8 Review
tariff is a tax on imported goods (goods
36. A tariff
brought into a country) designed to protect
home industries.
Foreign
Merchant
Chapter 8 Review
37. Shays’
Rebellion
Shays’
Rebellion
highlighted the weaknesses
of the Articles of
Confederation & convinced
many Founders of the need
for a stronger national
government.
Take my farm? I’ll whup
that tax man from a sittin’
position.
Chapter 8 Review
Great Compromise
Compromise
38. The Great
created a bi-cameral (2
House) Legislature we call
Congress.
Representation in the
House of
Representatives:
population; the Senate:
each state gets 2.
Senate -2 for each state
House of Representatives
(435)
Chapter 8 Review
39. The 3/5 Compromise settled the issue of how
slaves would count for representation and taxation in
Congress. Each slave would count as 3/5 of a person.
Wait! Why are we
doing MATH in History
class?
Chapter 8 Review
Checksand
and Balances
40. Checks
Balances is a system set up by the Constitution
in which each branch of the federal government has the power
to check, or control, the actions of the other branches.
Chapter 8 Review
Separation of
41. Separation
ofPowers
Powers: system in which each
branch of government has its own powers.
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
Interprets Laws
Makes Laws
Executes Laws
Chapter 8 Review
Republicanism is a system of representative
42. Republicanism
government in which voters elect
representatives to make laws for them.
Chapter 8 Review
Federalism is the sharing of power between
43. Federalism
the states and the national government.
Chapter 8 Review
Federalists were supporters of the Constitution who
44. Federalists
favored a strong national government and the Bank of
the United States.
This is cool!
Now we have a strong
national government!
Chapter 8 Review
45. Anti-federalists
Anti-Federalists
were people opposed to the
Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state
governments than to the national government. They also
opposed the Bank of the U.S. Thomas Jefferson and
George Mason were leading Anti-Federalists.
“We, The
People…
Shut up, Beavis!
Who gives you the
right to speak “We
the People?”
Chapter 8 Review
are
Publius!
We are
Publius!
We We
are
Publius!
Federalist
46. The Federalist
Papers - a series of
essays written by
James Madison,
John Jay, and
Alexander Hamilton
defending the
Constitution and the
principles on which
the government of
the United States
was founded.
Chapter 8 Review
Legislative Branch makes the laws.
47. The Legislative
Executive Branch enforces the laws.
The Executive
Judicial Branch interprets the
The Judicial
My name
meaning of the laws.
is Bill
Lawmaker.
I veto
you
You are
SO
guilty!!!
Chapter 8 Review
Constitutional Republic - system of limited
48. Constitution
government where elected officials represent
the people and must govern according to the
laws of the Constitution.
Chapter 8 Review
Constitution (our written plan of government) - Created:
49. The Constitution
Philadelphia, 1787. Provides a strong national government with
power balanced between the 3 branches.
Executive
Legislative
Power
Judicial
Chapter 8 Review
50. James
Madison is
Madison
considered to
be the “Father
of the
Constitution”.
I should win
“Father of
the Year” for
this.
Baby Constitution
#1
Dad!