Bellwork Write down at least 5 conditions/diseases using the word roots, prefixes, and suffixes you learned last week. e.g. Osteo + oma= Osteoma Don’t use Osteoma Vocabulary Hyperbole (n)- an exaggerated statement done for an effect Complacent (adj) {Complacency (n)}- when one becomes self-satisfied and unconcerned, regardless of the dangers around; laziness about your position Sadist (n) {Sadistic or Sadism}- someone who receives sexual gratification by giving pain to another Masochist (n) {Masochistic or Masochism}- someone who receives sexual gratification by giving him/herself pain Sanctimonious (adj)- pretending to be holy or pious when you are not; hypocrite Catharsis (n) {Cathartic (adj)}- a release of any type of pent-up emotions (anger, sadness, pain) resulting in feeling better. Incredulous (adj)- skeptical; unable to believe something that is offered as true. Cipher (n)- a nobody, a non-entity Quid pro quo (Latin)- one service in exchange for another (i.e. tick for tack or I scratch your back….) Regions of Body Tarsal= Ankle Plantar= Bottom of Foot Brachial= Upper Arm Calcaneal=Heel Antebrachial= Forearm Carpal=Wrist Coxal= Hip Femoral= Thigh Patellar= Anterior Kneecap Popliteal= Posterior Kneecap Crural= Anterior Lower Leg Sural= Posterior Lower Leg Fibular= Lateral Lower Leg Acromial= Top of Shoulder Digital= Fingers and Toes Deltoid= Lateral Shoulder Pubic= Genitalia Occipital= Back of Head Sternal= Anterior Chest Cervical= Neck Scapular= Shoulder Blade Vertebral= Spine Lumbar= Lower Back Gluteal= Buttocks Frontal = Forehead Orbital= Eyes Nasal= Nose Oral= Mouth Thoracic= Whole Chest Cephalic= Head Axillary= Armpit Abdominal= Abdomen Umbilical= Belly Button Pelvic= Region below belly button Inguinal= Crack b/t abdomen and hip Anatomical Positions, Body Planes, and Directional Terms Anatomical Pairs There are 4 sets of anatomical pairs (8 terms) These terms may be used alone or with their pair to describe its relative location 1. Anterior/Posterior Anterior means the front aspect of an item Posterior means the back aspect of an item The face is the anterior aspect of the head The hood is the anterior aspect of a car The spine is the posterior aspect of the body The trunk is the posterior part of a car You can use anterior/posterior to compare two items on the body e.g. The belly button is anterior to the spine e.g. The back of the head is posterior to the nose Anterior/Posterior may be used anywhere in body. 2. Superior/Inferior Superior means the higher part of something Inferior means the lower part of something The floor is the inferior part of a house Inferior/Superior may be used together to compare the location of an organ. The scalp is the superior part of the head The roof is the superior part of a house The nose is superior to the mouth The genitalia is inferior to the lungs Superior/Inferior should only be used in the head and trunk of the body Not in the arms and legs (extremities) 3. Proximal/Distal Proximal means closer to the trunk of body Distal means farther from the trunk of body The hip is the proximal part of the thigh The shoulders is the proximal part of the arm The ankle is the distal part of the leg The fingers are the distal part of the leg Proximal/Distal may be used to compare two areas of the body The shoulder is proximal to the elbow The Elbow is proximal to the Fingers The foot is distal to the knee The fingers are distal to the shoulder Applies only to upper and lower extremities (arms and legs) 4. Medial/Lateral Medial means closer to the midline of the body, or the inner part of something Lateral means farther from the midline of the body, or the outer part of something These, too, may be used to compare two items on the body The right ear is distal (“farther from midline”) to the right nostril The left breast is proximal to the left shoulder Medial/Lateral is only used on two body parts on the same side of the body You would never say “the left ear is lateral to right eye” Anatomical Position Anatomical Position is the body posture used to compare anatomical parts in relation to each other. In this position the person faces forward, arms to the side, palms facing forward, toes straight ahead. No matter how the patient is actually placed, the position and relationship of structures is described as if patient is still in anatomical position. Rule of Thumb: Always look down on your own body when noting the location of an organ, not at me or what is on the screen. Exercise Think of your own anatomical relation Body Cavities Body Cavities The body has 2 main cavities 1) Ventral Ventral=Anterior 2) Dorsal Dorsal= Posterior or Back Ventral Cavity The ventral cavity is on the anterior aspect of the body It is one large cavity but normally is divided into two sections 1) Thorax This includes all the organs superior to the diaphragm Heart, Lungs, Major Blood Vessels (Mediastinum) Ventral Cavity (cont) 2) The 2nd section of the Ventral Cavity is the Abdomen The abdomen contains all organs inferior to diaphragm Includes liver, Stomach, Gallbladder, Spleen, Small and Large Intestines, Bladder, Uterus The diaphragm, a thin muscle used for breathing, separates the thorax from the abdomen. Dorsal Cavity Dorsal Cavity The dorsal cavity is on the posterior part of the body It is the long, thin cavity that contains Brain and Spinal Cord “Dorsal” means back Chest X-Ray Lateral View of Thorax Abdominal Cavity (Lateral View) Abdominal Organs Organs in which quadrants? Think of anatomical position Liver Rt Upper Quadrant Gallbladder Rt Upper Quadrant Stomach Lt Upper Quadrant Appendix It is inferior to the liver Liver/Gall Bladder end in “r”. “R” means right. Rt Lower Quadrant Small and Large Intestines? All Quadrants!! They are 18-20 feet long! Body Planes The human body is cut into 3 main planes to identify different sections of the body. Transverse Line: Cut at waist separates body into Superior and Inferior Sections Midsagittal Line: Cut at midline of body to separate body into right & left halves. Body Planes Coronal Line: Cut body at midcoronal line to separate body into anterior and posterior sections. Directional Terms 1. 2. Abduct-Move away from midline Adduct-Move back to midline of body Prone-Lie on your belly Supine-Lie on your back Flexion-Decreases angle b/t two parts Extension-Increases the angle b/t two parts Inversion- Turn foot toward the midline (sagittal) of body Eversion-Turn foot away from midline Index Cards Transverse Line Midsagittal Line MidCoronal Line Abduct/adduct Flex/extension Supine/prone Eversion/inversion Quadrants of liver, gall bladder, stomach, appendix Locate Ventral Cavity Thoracic Cavity Abdominal Cavity Dorsal Cavity Diaphragm Describe what is the anatomical position Provide anatomical relations (e.g. sup/inf, ant/post, etc)